abstract
contributor
created
creator
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is replaced by
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QUDT Schema - Version 2.1.12
0
0
Quantity Kind (abstract)
An aspect is an abstract type class that defines properties that can be reused.
QUDT Aspect
Aspect Class
1
1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensional_analysis
http://web.mit.edu/2.25/www/pdf/DA_unified.pdf
<p class="lm-para">A <em>Dimension</em> expresses a magnitude for a base quantiy kind such as mass, length and time.</p>
<p class="lm-para">DEPRECATED - each exponent is expressed as a property. Keep until a validaiton of this has been done.</p>
Base Dimension Magnitude
big
Big Endian
A <em>Binary Prefix</em> is a prefix for multiples of units in data processing, data transmission, and digital information, notably the bit and the byte, to indicate multiplication by a power of 2.
Binary Prefix
A bit encoding is a correspondence between the two possible values of a bit, 0 or 1, and some interpretation. For example, in a boolean encoding, a bit denotes a truth value, where 0 corresponds to False and 1 corresponds to True.
Bit Encoding
Boolean Encoding
Boolean encoding type
This class contains the various ways that information may be encoded into bytes.
Byte Encoding
A set of numbers is called countably infinite if there is a way to enumerate them. Formally this is done with a bijection function that associates each number in the set with exactly one of the positive integers. The set of all fractions is also countably infinite. In other words, any set \(X\) that has the same cardinality as the set of the natural numbers, or \(| X | \; = \; | \mathbb N | \; = \; \aleph0\), is said to be a countably infinite set.
http://www.math.vanderbilt.edu/~schectex/courses/infinity.pdf
countable
Countably Infinite Cardinality Type
Any set \(X\) with cardinality less than that of the natural numbers, or \(| X | \\; < \; | \\mathbb N | \), is said to be a finite set.
finite
Finite Cardinality Type
Any set with cardinality greater than that of the natural numbers, or \(| X | \; > \; | \mathbb N | \), for example \(| R| \; = \; c \; > |\mathbb N |\), is said to be uncountable.
uncountable
Uncountable Cardinality Type
In mathematics, the cardinality of a set is a measure of the number of elements of the set. For example, the set \(A = {2, 4, 6}\) contains 3 elements, and therefore \(A\) has a cardinality of 3. There are two approaches to cardinality – one which compares sets directly using bijections and injections, and another which uses cardinal numbers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_number
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality
In mathematics, the cardinality of a set is a measure of the number of elements of the set. For example, the set 'A = {2, 4, 6}' contains 3 elements, and therefore 'A' has a cardinality of 3. There are two approaches to cardinality – one which compares sets directly using bijections and injections, and another which uses cardinal numbers.
Cardinality Type
7 bits of 1 octet
1
Char Encoding
The class of all character encoding schemes, each of which defines a rule or algorithm for encoding character data as a sequence of bits or bytes.
Char Encoding Type
1
1
Provides a simple way of making citations.
Citation
1
1
0
Comment
1
1
1
1
1
The root class for all QUDT concepts.
QUDT Concept
1
Used to specify the values of a constant.
Constant value
Used for all units that express counts. Examples are Atomic Number, Number, Number per Year, Percent and Sample per Second.
Counting Unit
Currency Units have their own subclass of unit because: (a) they have additonal properites such as 'country' and (b) their URIs do not conform to the same rules as other units.
Used for all units that express currency.
Currency Unit
1
1
1
<p><em>Data Encoding</em> expresses the properties that specify how data is represented at the bit and byte level. These properties are applicable to describing raw data.</p>
Data Encoding
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A data type is a definition of a set of values (for example, "all integers between 0 and 10"), and the allowable operations on those values; the meaning of the data; and the way values of that type can be stored. Some types are primitive - built-in to the language, with no visible internal structure - e.g. Boolean; others are composite - constructed from one or more other types (of either kind) - e.g. lists, arrays, structures, unions. Object-oriented programming extends this with classes which encapsulate both the structure of a type and the operations that can be performed on it. Some languages provide strong typing, others allow implicit type conversion and/or explicit type conversion.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_type
http://foldoc.org/data+type
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Data_type.html
QUDT Datatype
1
Date Time encodings are logical encodings for expressing date/time quantities as strings by applying unambiguous formatting and parsing rules.
Date Time String Encoding Type
A <em>Decimal Prefix</em> is a prefix for multiples of units that are powers of 10.
Decimal Prefix
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:SI_derived_units
A DerivedUnit is a type specification for units that are derived from other units.
Derived Unit
A Dimensionless Unit is a quantity for which all the exponents of the factors corresponding to the base quantities in its quantity dimension are zero.
Dimensionless Unit
Discipline
64
Single Precision Real Encoding
1
1
An encoding is a rule or algorithm that is used to convert data from a native, or unspecified form into a specific form that satisfies the encoding rules. Examples of encodings include character encodings, such as UTF-8.
Encoding
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness
In computing, endianness is the ordering used to represent some kind of data as a sequence of smaller units. Typical cases are the order in which integer values are stored as bytes in computer memory (relative to a given memory addressing scheme) and the transmission order over a network or other medium. When specifically talking about bytes, endianness is also referred to simply as byte order. Most computer processors simply store integers as sequences of bytes, so that, conceptually, the encoded value can be obtained by simple concatenation. For an 'n-byte' integer value this allows 'n!' (n factorial) possible representations (one for each byte permutation). The two most common of them are: increasing numeric significance with increasing memory addresses, known as little-endian, and its opposite, called big-endian.
Endian Type
1
1
1
<p>This class is for all enumerated and/or coded values. For example, it contains the dimension objects that are the basis elements in some abstract vector space associated with a quantity kind system. Another use is for the base dimensions for quantity systems. Each quantity kind system that defines a base set has a corresponding ordered enumeration whose elements are the dimension objects for the base quantity kinds. The order of the dimensions in the enumeration determines the canonical order of the basis elements in the corresponding abstract vector space.</p>
<p>An enumeration is a set of literals from which a single value is selected. Each literal can have a tag as an integer within a standard encoding appropriate to the range of integer values. Consistency of enumeration types will allow them, and the enumerated values, to be referred to unambiguously either through symbolic name or encoding. Enumerated values are also controlled vocabularies and as such need to be standardized. Without this consistency enumeration literals can be stated differently and result in data conflicts and misinterpretations.</p>
<p>The tags are a set of positive whole numbers, not necessarily contiguous and having no numerical significance, each corresponding to the associated literal identifier. An order attribute can also be given on the enumeration elements. An enumeration can itself be a member of an enumeration. This allows enumerations to be enumerated in a selection. Enumerations are also subclasses of Scalar Datatype. This allows them to be used as the reference of a datatype specification.</p>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumeration
Enumerated Value
1
1
1
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Enumeration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumerated_type
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumeration
<p>An enumeration is a set of literals from which a single value is selected. Each literal can have a tag as an integer within a standard encoding appropriate to the range of integer values. Consistency of enumeration types will allow them, and the enumerated values, to be referred to unambiguously either through symbolic name or encoding. Enumerated values are also controlled vocabularies and as such need to be standardized. Without this consistency enumeration literals can be stated differently and result in data conflicts and misinterpretations.</p>
<p>The tags are a set of positive whole numbers, not necessarily contiguous and having no numerical significance, each corresponding to the associated literal identifier. An order attribute can also be given on the enumeration elements. An enumeration can itself be a member of an enumeration. This allows enumerations to be enumerated in a selection. Enumerations are also subclasses of <em>Scalar Datatype</em>. This allows them to be used as the reference of a datatype specification.</p>
Enumeration
Enumeration scale
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Figure
A "Encoding" with the following instance(s): "Double Precision Encoding", "Single Precision Real Encoding".
Floating Point Encoding
32
IEEE 754 1985 Real Encoding
[0-9]{4}[0-9]{2}[0-9]{2}T[0-9]{2}[0-9]{2}[0-9]{2}.[0-9]+Z
[0-9]{4}[0-9]{2}[0-9]{2}T[0-9]{2}[0-9]{2}[0-9]{2}Z
ISO 8601 UTC Date Time - Basic Format
The encoding scheme for integer types
Integer Encoding
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement
<p>The interval type allows for the degree of difference between items, but not the ratio between them. Examples include temperature with the Celsius scale, which has two defined points (the freezing and boiling point of water at specific conditions) and then separated into 100 intervals, date when measured from an arbitrary epoch (such as AD), percentage such as a percentage return on a stock,[16] location in Cartesian coordinates, and direction measured in degrees from true or magnetic north. Ratios are not meaningful since 20 °C cannot be said to be "twice as hot" as 10 °C, nor can multiplication/division be carried out between any two dates directly. However, ratios of differences can be expressed; for example, one difference can be twice another. Interval type variables are sometimes also called "scaled variables", but the formal mathematical term is an affine space (in this case an affine line).</p>
<p>Characteristics: median, percentile & Monotonic increasing (order (<) & totally ordered set</p>
median, percentile & Monotonic increasing (order (<)) & totally ordered set
Interval scale
A type of string in which some characters may be wrapped with '\(' and '\) characters for LaTeX rendering.
Latex String
little
Little Endian
Logarithmic units are abstract mathematical units that can be used to express any quantities (physical or mathematical) that are defined on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function. Examples of logarithmic units include common units of information and entropy, such as the bit, and the byte, as well as units of relative signal strength magnitude such as the decibel.
Logarithmic Unit
8
Long Unsigned Integer Encoding
Math Function Type
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 811 Comments on some quantities and their units
NIST SP~811 Comment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement
A nominal scale differentiates between items or subjects based only on their names or (meta-)categories and other qualitative classifications they belong to; thus dichotomous data involves the construction of classifications as well as the classification of items. Discovery of an exception to a classification can be viewed as progress. Numbers may be used to represent the variables but the numbers do not have numerical value or relationship: For example, a Globally unique identifier. Examples of these classifications include gender, nationality, ethnicity, language, genre, style, biological species, and form. In a university one could also use hall of affiliation as an example.
Nominal scale
1
OCTET Encoding
Describes how a data or information structure is ordered.
Ordered type
1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement
The ordinal type allows for rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) by which data can be sorted, but still does not allow for relative degree of difference between them. Examples include, on one hand, dichotomous data with dichotomous (or dichotomized) values such as 'sick' vs. 'healthy' when measuring health, 'guilty' vs. 'innocent' when making judgments in courts, 'wrong/false' vs. 'right/true' when measuring truth value, and, on the other hand, non-dichotomous data consisting of a spectrum of values, such as 'completely agree', 'mostly agree', 'mostly disagree', 'completely disagree' when measuring opinion.
Ordinal scale
0
Organization
partial
Partial ordered structure.
Partially Ordered
1
1
1
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Physical_constant
A physical constant is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and constant in time. It can be contrasted with a mathematical constant, which is a fixed numerical value but does not directly involve any physical measurement. There are many physical constants in science, some of the most widely recognized being the speed of light in vacuum c, Newton's gravitational constant G, Planck's constant h, the electric permittivity of free space ε0, and the elementary charge e. Physical constants can take many dimensional forms, or may be dimensionless depending on the system of quantities and units used.
Physical Constant
1
0
0
Prefix
1
1
1
1
1
1
<p><em>Quantifiable</em> ascribes to some thing the capability of being measured, observed, or counted.</p>
Quantifiable
a reference to the dimension that quantifies the property
0
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Quantity
<p class="lm-para">A <b>quantity</b> is the measurement of an observable property of a particular object, event, or physical system. A quantity is always associated with the context of measurement (i.e. the thing measured, the measured value, the accuracy of measurement, etc.) whereas the underlying <b>quantity kind</b> is independent of any particular measurement. Thus, length is a quantity kind while the height of a rocket is a specific quantity of length; its magnitude that may be expressed in meters, feet, inches, etc. Examples of physical quantities include physical constants, such as the speed of light in a vacuum, Planck's constant, the electric permittivity of free space, and the fine structure constant. </p>
<p class="lm-para">In other words, quantities are quantifiable aspects of the world, such as the duration of a movie, the distance between two points, velocity of a car, the pressure of the atmosphere, and a person's weight; and units are used to describe their numerical measure.
<p class="lm-para">Many <b>quantity kinds</b> are related to each other by various physical laws, and as a result, the associated units of some quantity kinds can be expressed as products (or ratios) of powers of other quantity kinds (e.g., momentum is mass times velocity and velocity is defined as distance divided by time). In this way, some quantities can be calculated from other measured quantities using their associations to the quantity kinds in these expressions. These quantity kind relationships are also discussed in dimensional analysis. Those that cannot be so expressed can be regarded as "fundamental" in this sense.</p>
<p class="lm-para">A quantity is distinguished from a "quantity kind" in that the former carries a value and the latter is a type specifier.</p>
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-04
A <b>Quantity Kind</b> is any observable property that can be measured and quantified numerically. Familiar examples include physical properties such as length, mass, time, force, energy, power, electric charge, etc. Less familiar examples include currency, interest rate, price to earning ratio, and information capacity.
Quantity Kind
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensional_analysis
http://web.mit.edu/2.25/www/pdf/DA_unified.pdf
<p class="lm-para">A <em>Quantity Kind Dimension Vector</em> describes the dimensionality of a quantity kind in the context of a system of units. In the SI system of units, the dimensions of a quantity kind are expressed as a product of the basic physical dimensions mass (\(M\)), length (\(L\)), time (\(T\)) current (\(I\)), amount of substance (\(N\)), luminous intensity (\(J\)) and absolute temperature (\(\theta\)) as \(dim \, Q = L^{\alpha} \, M^{\beta} \, T^{\gamma} \, I ^{\delta} \, \theta ^{\epsilon} \, N^{\eta} \, J ^{\nu}\).</p>
<p class="lm-para">The rational powers of the dimensional exponents, \(\alpha, \, \beta, \, \gamma, \, \delta, \, \epsilon, \, \eta, \, \nu\), are positive, negative, or zero.</p>
<p class="lm-para">For example, the dimension of the physical quantity kind \(\it{speed}\) is \(\boxed{length/time}\), \(L/T\) or \(LT^{-1}\), and the dimension of the physical quantity kind force is \(\boxed{mass \times acceleration}\) or \(\boxed{mass \times (length/time)/time}\), \(ML/T^2\) or \(MLT^{-2}\) respectively.</p>
Quantity Kind Dimension Vector
A <em>CGS Dimension Vector</em> is used to specify the dimensions for a C.G.S. quantity kind.
CGS Dimension vector
A <em>CGS EMU Dimension Vector</em> is used to specify the dimensions for EMU C.G.S. quantity kind.
CGS EMU Dimension vector
A <em>CGS ESU Dimension Vector</em> is used to specify the dimensions for ESU C.G.S. quantity kind.
CGS ESU Dimension vector
A <em>CGS GAUSS Dimension Vector</em> is used to specify the dimensions for Gaussioan C.G.S. quantity kind.
CGS GAUSS Dimension vector
A <em>CGS LH Dimension Vector</em> is used to specify the dimensions for Lorentz-Heaviside C.G.S. quantity kind.
CGS LH Dimension vector
ISO Dimension vector
Imperial dimension vector
Quantity Kind Dimension vector (SI)
\(\textit{Quantity Type}\) is an enumeration of quanity kinds. It specializes \(\boxed{dtype:EnumeratedValue}\) by constrinaing \(\boxed{dtype:value}\) to instances of \(\boxed{qudt:QuantityKind}\).
Quantity type
1
A <i>Quantity Value</i> expresses the magnitude and kind of a quantity and is given by the product of a numerical value <code>n</code> and a unit of measure <code>U</code>. The number multiplying the unit is referred to as the numerical value of the quantity expressed in that unit. Refer to <a href="http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec07.html">NIST SP 811 section 7</a> for more on quantity values.
Quantity value
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement
The ratio type takes its name from the fact that measurement is the estimation of the ratio between a magnitude of a continuous quantity and a unit magnitude of the same kind (Michell, 1997, 1999). A ratio scale possesses a meaningful (unique and non-arbitrary) zero value. Most measurement in the physical sciences and engineering is done on ratio scales. Examples include mass, length, duration, plane angle, energy and electric charge. In contrast to interval scales, ratios are now meaningful because having a non-arbitrary zero point makes it meaningful to say, for example, that one object has "twice the length" of another (= is "twice as long"). Very informally, many ratio scales can be described as specifying "how much" of something (i.e. an amount or magnitude) or "how many" (a count). The Kelvin temperature scale is a ratio scale because it has a unique, non-arbitrary zero point called absolute zero.
Ratio scale
0
0
Rule
Rule Type
signed
Signed
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Scalar data types are those that have a single value. The permissible values are defined over a domain that may be integers, float, character or boolean. Often a scalar data type is referred to as a primitive data type.
Scalar Datatype
1
1
Scales (also called "scales of measurement" or "levels of measurement") are expressions that typically refer to the theory of scale types.
Scale
1
Scales, or scales of measurement (or categorization) provide ways of quantifying measurements, values and other enumerated values according to a normative frame of reference. Four different types of scales are typically used. These are interval, nominal, ordinal and ratio scales.
Scale type
2
Short Signed Integer Encoding
2
Short Unsigned Integer Encoding
4
Signed Integer Encoding
Specifics whether a value should be signed or unsigned.
Signedness type
32
Single Precision Real Encoding
Statement
A "Encoding" with the following instance(s): "UTF-16 String", "UTF-8 Encoding".
String Encoding Type
1
A "Structured Datatype", in contrast to scalar data types, is used to characterize classes of more complex data structures, such as linked or indexed lists, trees, ordered trees, and multi-dimensional file formats.
Structured Data Type
Symbol
1
0
A system of quantity kinds is a set of one or more quantity kinds together with a set of zero or more algebraic equations that define relationships between quantity kinds in the set. In the physical sciences, the equations relating quantity kinds are typically physical laws and definitional relations, and constants of proportionality. Examples include Newton’s First Law of Motion, Coulomb’s Law, and the definition of velocity as the instantaneous change in position. In almost all cases, the system identifies a subset of base quantity kinds. The base set is chosen so that all other quantity kinds of interest can be derived from the base quantity kinds and the algebraic equations. If the unit system is explicitly associated with a quantity kind system, then the unit system must define at least one unit for each quantity kind. From a scientific point of view, the division of quantities into base quantities and derived quantities is a matter of convention.
System of Quantity Kinds
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Systems_of_units
http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/System_of_Measurement_Units
A system of units is a set of units which are chosen as the reference scales for some set of quantity kinds together with the definitions of each unit. Units may be defined by experimental observation or by proportion to another unit not included in the system. If the unit system is explicitly associated with a quantity kind system, then the unit system must define at least one unit for each quantity kind.
System of Units
total
Totally ordered structure.
Totally Ordered
[\x21-\x60,\x7b-\x7e]+
Lexical pattern for the case-insensitive version of UCUM code
case-insensitive UCUM code
true
[\x21,\x23-\x27,\x2a,\x2c,\x30-\x3c,\x3e-\x5a,\x5c,\x5e-\x60,\x7c,\x7e]+
Lexical pattern for the terminal symbols in the case-insensitive version of UCUM code
case-insensitive UCUM term
true
[\x21-\x7e]+
https://ucum.org/ucum.html
Lexical pattern for the case-sensitive version of UCUM code
case-sensitive UCUM code
[\x21,\x23-\x27,\x2a,\x2c,\x30-\x3c,\x3e-\x5a,\x5c,\x5e-\x7a,\x7c,\x7e]+
https://ucum.org/ucum.html
Lexical pattern for the terminal symbols in the case-sensitive version of UCUM code
case-sensitive UCUM terminal
unsigned
Unsigned
UTF-16 String
8
UTF-8 Encoding
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Units_of_measure
http://www.allmeasures.com/Fullconversion.asp
A unit of measure, or unit, is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of a physical quantity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n) and U, as \(Q = nU\).
Unit
unordered
Unordered structure.
Unordered
4
Unsigned Integer Encoding
1
User Quantity Kind
0
0
0
0
0
0
An aspect class that holds properties that provide external knowledge and specifications of a given resource.
Verifiable
Wikipedia
An abbreviation for a unit is a short ASCII string that is used in place of the full name for the unit in contexts where non-ASCII characters would be problematic, or where using the abbreviation will enhance readability. When a power of abase unit needs to be expressed, such as squares this can be done using abbreviations rather than symbols. For example, <em>sq ft</em> means <em>square foot</em>, and <em>cu ft</em> means <em>cubic foot</em>.
abbreviation
acronym
allowed pattern
This property relates a unit of measure with a unit system that does not define the unit, but allows its use within the system. An allowed unit must be convertible to some dimensionally eqiuvalent unit that is defined by the system.
allowed unit of system
ANSI SQL Name
applicable CGS unit
applicable ISO unit
applicable Imperial unit
applicable physical constant
applicable Planck unit
applicable SI unit
applicable US Customary unit
applicable unit
<em>qudt:baseCGSUnitDimensions</em> is a string datatype property expressing the dimensions of a unit, or quantity, as a vector over the base units in the CGS System.
base CGS unit dimensions
This property associates a system of quantities with an enumeration that enumerates the base dimensions of the system in canonical order.
base dimension enumeration
<strong>qudt:baseISOUnitDimensions</strong> is a string datatype property expressing the dimensions of a unit, or quantity, as a vector over the base units in the ISO System.
base ISO unit dimensions
<strong>qudt:baseImperialUnitDimensions</strong> is a string datatype property expressing the dimensions of a unit, or quantity, as a vector over the base units in the Imperial System.
base Imperial unit dimensions
<strong>qudt:baseSIUnitDimensions</strong> is a string datatype property expressing the dimensions of a unit, or quantity, as a vector over the base units. For example, in the SI system \(capacitance\) has the unit \(Farad\) and base unit dimensions of \(C^2 \cdot s^2 / (kg \cdot m^2)\).
base SI unit dimensions
"qudt:baseUSCustomaryUnitDimensions" is a string datatype property expressing the dimensions of a unit, or quantity, as a vector over the base units in the US Customary System.
base US Customary unit dimensions
"qudt:baseUnitDimensions" is a string datatype property expressing the dimensions of a unit, or quantity, as a vector over the base units.
base unit dimensions
This property relates a unit of measure to the system of units in which it is defined as a base unit for the system. The base units of a system are used to define the derived units of the system by expressing the derived units as products of the base units raised to a rational power.
is base unit of system
basis
belongs to system of quantities
bit order
bits
bounded
Byte order is an enumeration of two values: 'Big Endian' and 'Little Endian' and is used to denote whether the most signiticant byte is either first or last, respectively.
byte order
bytes
Datatype name in the C programming language
C Language name
cardinality
categorized as
Used to provide an annotation for an informative reference.
citation
A code is a string that uniquely identifies a QUDT concept. The code is constructed from the designator. The use of this property has been deprecated.
code
true
A coherent unit of measurement for a unit system is a defined unit that may be expressed as a product of powers of the system's base units with the proportionality factor of one. A system of units is coherent with respect to a system of quantities and equations if the system of units is chosen in such a way that the equations between numerical values have exactly the same form (including the numerical factors) as the corresponding equations between the quantities. For example, the 'newton' and the 'joule'. These two are, respectively, the force that causes one kilogram to be accelerated at 1 metre per second per second, and the work done by 1 newton acting over 1 metre. Being coherent refers to this consistent use of 1. In the old c.g.s. system , with its base units the centimetre and the gram, the corresponding coherent units were the dyne and the erg, respectively the force that causes 1 gram to be accelerated at 1 centimetre per second per second, and the work done by 1 dyne acting over 1 centimetre. So \(1 newton = 10^5\,dyne\), \(1 joule = 10^7\,erg\), making each of the four compatible in a decimal sense within its respective other system, but not coherent therein.
is coherent unit of system
<p>A system of units is coherent with respect to a system of quantities and equations if the system of units is chosen in such a way that the equations between numerical values have exactly the same form (including the numerical factors) as the corresponding equations between the quantities. In such a coherent system, no numerical factor other than the number 1 ever occurs in the expressions for the derived units in terms of the base units. For example, the \(newton\) and the \(joule\). These two are, respectively, the force that causes one kilogram to be accelerated at 1 metre per (1) second per (1) second, and the work done by 1 newton acting over 1 metre. Being coherent refers to this consistent use of 1. In the old c.g.s. system , with its base units the centimetre and the gram, the corresponding coherent units were the dyne and the erg, respectively the force that causes 1 gram to be accelerated at 1 centimetre per (1) second per (1) second, and the work done by 1 dyne acting over 1 centimetre. So \(1\,newton = 10^5 dyne\), \(1 joule = 10^7 erg\), making each of the four compatible in a decimal sense within its respective other system, but not coherent therein.</p>
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_(units_of_measurement)
coherent unit system
conversion coefficient
conversion multiplier
conversion offset
The currency exponent indicates the number of decimal places between a major currency unit and its minor currency unit. For example, the US dollar is the major currency unit of the United States, and the US cent is the minor currency unit. Since one cent is 1/100 of a dollar, the US dollar has a currency exponent of 2. However, the Japanese Yen has no minor currency units, so the yen has a currency exponent of 0.
currency exponent
data encoding
data structure
datatype
dbpedia match
The default element in an enumeration
default
This property relates a unit of measure with the unit system that defines the unit.
defined unit of system
denominator dimension vector
This property relates a unit of measure to the unit system in which the unit is derived from the system's base units with a proportionality constant of one.
is coherent derived unit of system
This property relates a unit of measure to the unit system in which the unit is derived from the system's base units without proportionality constant of one.
is non-coherent derived unit of system
derived quantity kind of system
This property relates a unit of measure to the system of units in which it is defined as a derived unit. That is, the derived unit is defined as a product of the base units for the system raised to some rational power.
is derived unit of system
qudt description
dimension exponent
dimension exponent for amount of substance
dimension exponent for electric current
dimension exponent for length
dimension exponent for luminous intensity
dimension exponent for mass
dimension exponent for thermodynamic temperature
dimension exponent for time
dimension inverse
dimension vector for SI
dimensionless exponent
An element of an enumeration
element
element kind
element type
encoding
exact constant
exact match
The 'qudt:example' property is used to annotate an instance of a class with a reference to a concept that is an example. The type of this property is 'rdf:Property'. This allows both scalar and object ranges.
example
An 'expression' is a finite combination of symbols that are well-formed according to rules that apply to units of measure, quantity kinds and their dimensions.
expression
A field code is a generic property for representing unique codes that make up other identifers. For example each QuantityKind class caries a domain code as its field code.
field code
Provides a link to an image.
figure
figure caption
figure label
0.00
100.00
float percentage
This property relates a quantity kind to its generalization. A quantity kind, PARENT, is a generalization of the quantity kind CHILD only if:
1. PARENT and CHILD have the same dimensions in every system of quantities;
2. Every unit that is a measure of quantities of kind CHILD is also a valid measure of quantities of kind PARENT.
generalization
guidance
This property relates a unit system with a unit of measure that is not defined by or part of the system, but is allowed for use within the system. An allowed unit must be convertible to some dimensionally eqiuvalent unit that is defined by the system.
allowed unit
has base quantity kind
This property relates a system of units to a base unit defined within the system. The base units of a system are used to define the derived units of the system by expressing the derived units as products of the base units raised to a rational power.
base unit
A coherent unit of measurement for a unit system is a defined unit that may be expressed as a product of powers of the system's base units with the proportionality factor of one.
coherent unit
This property relates a unit system with a unit of measure that is defined by the system.
defined unit
has quantity kind dimension vector denominator part
derived coherent unit
has coherent derived unit
This property relates a system of units to a unit of measure that is defined within the system in terms of the base units for the system. That is, the derived unit is defined as a product of the base units for the system raised to some rational power.
derived unit
has dimension
dimension expression
has dimension vector
A coherent unit of measurement for a unit system is a defined unit that may be expressed as a product of powers of the system's base units with the proportionality factor of one.
has non-coherent unit
has quantity kind dimension vector numerator part
prefix unit
has quantity
has quantity kind
has reference quantity kind
has rule
This property relates a system of units with a unit of measure that is either a) defined by the system, or b) accepted for use by the system and is convertible to a unit of equivalent dimension that is defined by the system. Systems of units may distinguish between base and derived units. Base units are the units which measure the base quantities for the corresponding system of quantities. The base units are used to define units for all other quantities as products of powers of the base units. Such units are called derived units for the system.
has unit
has unit system
Used to relate a class to one or more graphs where vocabularies for the class are defined.
has vocabulary
height
The "qudt:id" is an identifier string that uniquely identifies a QUDT concept. The identifier is constructed using a prefix. For example, units are coded using the pattern: "UCCCENNNN", where "CCC" is a numeric code or a category and "NNNN" is a digit string for a member element of that category. For scaled units there may be an addition field that has the format "QNN" where "NN" is a digit string representing an exponent power, and "Q" is a qualifier that indicates with the code "P" that the power is a positive decimal exponent, or the code "N" for a negative decimal exponent, or the code "B" for binary positive exponents.
qudt id
iec-61360 code
image
image location
Provides a way to reference a source that provided useful but non-normative information.
informative reference
0
100
integer percentage
is base quantity kind of system
This property is used to identify a Quantity instance that is a measure of a change, or interval, of some property, rather than a measure of its absolute value. This is important for measurements such as temperature differences where the conversion among units would be calculated differently because of offsets.
is Delta Quantity
is dimension in system
is metric unit
is quantity kind of
is scaling of
Provides a way to reference the ISO unit definition.
normative reference (ISO)
java name
Javascript name
landscape
latex definition
The symbol is a glyph that is used to represent some concept, typically a unit or a quantity, in a compact form. For example, the symbol for an Ohm is \(ohm\). This contrasts with 'unit:abbreviation', which gives a short alphanumeric abbreviation for the unit, 'ohm' for Ohm.
latex symbol
length
literal
lower bound
math definition
mathML definition
matlab name
maxExclusive is the exclusive upper bound of the value space for a datatype with the ordered property. The value of maxExclusive must be in the value space of the base type or be equal to {value} in {base type definition}.
max exclusive
maxInclusive is the inclusive upper bound of the value space for a datatype with the ordered property. The value of maxInclusive must be in the value space of the base type.
max inclusive
Microsoft SQL Server name
minExclusive is the exclusive lower bound of the value space for a datatype with the ordered property. The value of minExclusive must be in the value space of the base type or be equal to {value} in {base type definition}.
min exclusive
minInclusive is the inclusive lower bound of the value space for a datatype with the ordered property. The value of minInclusive must be in the value space of the base type.
min inclusive
MySQL name
A negative change limit between consecutive sample values for a parameter. The Negative Delta may be the encoded value or engineering units value depending on whether or not a Calibrator is defined.
negative delta limit
Provides a way to reference information that is an authorative source providing a standard definition
normative reference
numerator dimension vector
numeric value
ODBC name
OLE DB (Object Linking and Embedding, Database, sometimes written as OLEDB or OLE-DB), an API designed by Microsoft, allows accessing data from a variety of sources in a uniform manner. The API provides a set of interfaces implemented using the Component Object Model (COM); it is otherwise unrelated to OLE.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLE_DB
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms714931(v=vs.85).aspx
OLE DB name
om unit
online reference
ORACLE SQL name
order
ordered type
out of scope
permissible maths
permissible transformation
A plain text description is used to provide a description with only simple ASCII characters for cases where LaTeX , HTML or other markup would not be appropriate.
description (plain text)
A positive change limit between consecutive sample values for a parameter. The Positive Delta may be the encoded value or engineering units value depending on whether or not a Calibrator is defined.
Positive delta limit
Associates a unit with the appropriate prefix, if any.
prefix
prefix multiplier
protocol buffers name
python name
denominator dimension vector
numerator dimension vector
a property to relate an observable thing with a quantity (qud:Quantity)
quantity
quantity value
rationale
rdfs datatype
reference
reference unit
The relative standard uncertainty of a measurement is the (absolute) standard uncertainty divided by the magnitude of the exact value.
relative standard uncertainty
relevant quantity kind
This property is used for qudt:Discipline instances to identify the Unit instances that are used within a given discipline.
Relevant Unit
rule type
scale type
si units expression
This property relates a quantity kind to its specialization(s). For example, linear velocity and angular velocity are both specializations of velocity.
specialization
The standard uncertainty of a quantity is the estimated standard deviation of the mean taken from a series of measurements.
standard uncertainty
The symbol is a glyph that is used to represent some concept, typically a unit or a quantity, in a compact form. For example, the symbol for an Ohm is \(ohm\). This contrasts with 'unit:abbreviation', which gives a short alphanumeric abbreviation for the unit, 'ohm' for Ohm.
symbol
system definition
system derived quantity kind
system dimension
<em>ucumCode</em> associates a QUDT unit with a UCUM case-insensitive code.
ucum case-insensitive code
true
<em>ucumCode</em> associates a QUDT unit with with a UCUM case-sensitive code.
ucum case-sensitive code
true
<p><em>ucumCode</em> associates a QUDT unit with its UCUM code (case-sensitive). </p><p>In SHACL the values are derived from specific ucum properties using 'sh:values'.</p>
https://ucum.org/ucum.html
ucum code
unece common code
A reference to the unit of measure of a quantity (variable or constant) of interest.
unit
unit for
This property relates a unit of measure with a system of units that either a) defines the unit or b) allows the unit to be used within the system.
is unit of system
upper bound
url
A property to relate an observable thing with a value that can be of any simple XSD type
value
value for quantity
A datatype that is the union of numeric xsd data types. "numericUnion" is equivalent to the xsd specification that uses an xsd:union of memberTypes="xsd:decimal xsd:double xsd:float xsd:integer".
value union
Vusal Basic name
vector magnitude
width
QUDT Schema Catalog Entry
superseded by
http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/dtype#
dtype
Daniel Mekonnen
David Price
Jack Hodges
James E. Masters
Simon J D Cox
Steve Ray
2011-04-20
Ralph Hodgson
<p class="lm-para">The QUDT, or "Quantity, Unit, Dimension and Type" schema defines the base classes properties, and restrictions used for modeling physical quantities, units of measure, and their dimensions in various measurement systems. The goal of the QUDT ontology is to provide a unified model of, measurable quantities, units for measuring different kinds of quantities, the numerical values of quantities in different units of measure and the data structures and data types used to store and manipulate these objects in software.</p>
<p class="lm-para">Except for unit prefixes, all units are specified in separate vocabularies. Descriptions are provided in both HTML and LaTeX formats. A quantity is a measure of an observable phenomenon, that, when associated with something, becomes a property of that thing; a particular object, event, or physical system. </p>
<p class="lm-para">A quantity has meaning in the context of a measurement (i.e. the thing measured, the measured value, the accuracy of measurement, etc.) whereas the underlying quantity kind is independent of any particular measurement. Thus, length is a quantity kind while the height of a rocket is a specific quantity of length; its magnitude that may be expressed in meters, feet, inches, etc. Or, as stated at Wikipedia, in the language of measurement, quantities are quantifiable aspects of the world, such as time, distance, velocity, mass, momentum, energy, and weight, and units are used to describe their measure. Many of these quantities are related to each other by various physical laws, and as a result the units of some of the quantities can be expressed as products (or ratios) of powers of other units (e.g., momentum is mass times velocity and velocity is measured in distance divided by time).</p>
2021-07-20T15:33:10.827-07:00
This product includes all or a portion of the UCUM table, UCUM codes, and UCUM definitions or is derived from it, subject to a license from Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and The UCUM Organization. Your use of the UCUM table, UCUM codes, UCUM definitions also is subject to this license, a copy of which is available at http://unitsofmeasure.org. The current complete UCUM table, UCUM Specification are available for download at http://unitsofmeasure.org. The UCUM table and UCUM codes are copyright © 1995-2009, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Unified Codes for Units of Measures (UCUM) Organization. All rights reserved.
THE UCUM TABLE (IN ALL FORMATS), UCUM DEFINITIONS, AND SPECIFICATION ARE PROVIDED 'AS IS.' ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
The QUDT Ontologies are issued under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Attribution should be made to QUDT.org
QUDT
QUDT Schema - Version 2.1.12
http://unitsofmeasure.org/trac
http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure
http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_200_2008.pdf
https://books.google.com/books?id=pIlCAAAAIAAJ&dq=dimensional+analysis&hl=en
https://www.nist.gov/physical-measurement-laboratory/special-publication-811
qudt
Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Types (QUDT) Schema - Version 2.1.12
Specifies the schema for quantities, units and dimensions. Types are defined in other schemas.
http://www.qudt.org/doc/2021/07/DOC_SCHEMA-QUDT-v2.1.html
http://www.linkedmodel.org/lib/lm/images/logos/qudt_logo-300x110.png
http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/
qudt
qudt.org
http://www.qudt.org/doc/2021/06/DOC_SCHEMA-QUDT-v2.1.html
2.1
http://qudt.org/2.1/schema/qudt
QUDT Schema - Version 2.1.12
QUDT is a non-profit organization that governs the QUDT ontologies.
qudt.org
http://www.qudt.org
QUDT
was derived from