Buda core ontology
This is the core buda ontology comprising classes, and properties with domains and ranges
ISBN
https://www.isbn-international.org/sites/default/files/ISBN%20Manual%202012%20-corr.pdf
^(97(8|9))?\d{9}(\d|X)$
International Standard Book Number
2
The regex is does not take into account opitional blank, ' ', or dash, '-', chars separating the various groups. Also there is no spec for calculating the check digit
LCCallNum
Library of Congress Call Number
2
no colophon
Indicates that a Work has no colophon
2
Used to indicated that a Work has no colophon vs a Work for which the colophon has not been recorded in the metadata.
LCCN
[[a-z]|[[a-z][a-z]|dd]|[a-z][[a-z][a-z]|dd]|[a-z][a-z]dd]dddddddd
Library of Congress Control Number
2
Incipit Title
the title as given, inline, at the beginning of the text
true
Table of Contents Title
retired in favor a the more neutral WorkToCTitle
Content Location
The ContentLocation describes the Instance, Volume, Page and so on at which something of interest occurs, e.g., the beginning or end of a Work that is contained in another Work; or a reference to the source of a Lineage
was :WorkLocation
The following explains the intent of splitting an Outline into chunks when outlining very large works. This is why there is a <o:location/> element spec'd in the outline.xsd; however, this feature has not been used in this manner but rather as a redundant marker of which work is being outlined. In the case that the Outline is the detail of a particular Text then the location typically will specify the Work and Volume (relative to 1) that contains the Outlined Text. Thus Locations on the sub-structure need only mention page, line and phrase
Parent facet of Work locations by page and folio. The XSD defn is located in common.xsd but is move to Work in the new ontology since that is a more appropriate location
person or place
domain of :DDBCAId which is used to record ids of Dharma Drum authority resources
2
Primary Title
The primary or common title by which a Person is known.
agent
property linking an entity or event to the agents and roles they play
:AgentInRole represents some :Agent performing an action in a particular :Role in a context represented by the subject and property that refer to the :AgenInRole
VCARD Address
2
The components of the address for a physical location.
Chinese date type
The class of DILA Chinese date individuals
2
copied
An event of copying a work by some means such as manual enscribing, photocopying, etc.
Work carved
The event of carving a work (in woodblocks, stone, etc.)
Non Paginated Etext Item
An etext that does not include correspondence to any digitized images of the Work
2
An eText created by manual inputting. Input etexts are prepared manually and used to typeset printed versions of texts in the case of many contemporary Tibetan publications. :ItemEtextNonPaginated eTexts generally do not provide alignment with digitized pages.
:ItemEtextNonPaginated generally only have a known relationship to a Work but there is generally not a known page correspondence to the :Item. In some cases, there is no known correspondence to the physical volume structure of the :Work. It may be possible to derive this information later.
Final Ordination Name
The name given to a Person upon their receiving final ordination
Place
Places are geographic entities such as: monasteries, villages, counties, rivers, caves and so on
Names are represented by rdfs:label.
Places are geographic entities such as: monasteries, villages, counties, provinces, rivers, caves and so on. Places are modeled in terms of subclasses that indicate the type of "real world" place that is referred to
Pen Name
name used by the author in the colophons of his works
IIIF v3 Manifest
Office Title
The Title of a Person occupying a given office
true
person or topic
deprecated in favor of :SingleAgent. The domains of the affected properties will be adjusted to :SingleAgent
Used as the domain for several properties that may refer to either a :Person or an ahistorical agent represented as a :Topic
Occupies Seat
The Event of a Person occupying a Seat
Spine Title
title indicated on the spine of a book
use for titles indicated on the spine of a book when it differs from the bibliographical title.
Terton Title
The title bestowed upon a Person who has discovered a terma
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1004844115222?LI=true
Lineage
A (transmission) lineage is a collectiomn of sequences of lineage holders passing a lineage through time
Names are represented by rdfs:label
Example:
bdr:L8LS15684 a :Lineage ; :status bdr:StatusReleased ;
rdfs:label "mngon rtogs rgyan gyi 'grel pa don gsal gyi brgyud pa/"@bo-x-ewts ;
:lineageType bdr:LineageLung ;
:lineageObject bdr:W21662 ;
:lineageObject bdr:T36 ;
:lineageLocation [ a :ContentLocation ;
:contentLocationPage "131" ;
:contentLocationVolume "1" ;
:contentLocationWork bdr:W1KG16278 ]
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:T10MS11142 ]
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:T681 ;
:lineageReceived [ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:T10MS11142 ]
]
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:P6117 ;
:lineageReceived [ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:T681 ]
]
Lineages represent information about how a particular text or group of texts or perhaps purely oral transmission has been passed from one individual to another. The Tibetan genres, gsan yig and thob yig.
Lineage transmissions capture the relationship between lineage holders, sets of texts and the places and dates where/when the lineage was transferred from one holder to another.
Marriage
The Event of a Person becoming married to another Person
Third revised event
An event describing the third revision of a work
person name
A Person Name is one of the names a Person is historically known by
:PersonName is one or many authority names of :Person. :PersonName is represented by an rdfs:label and a subclass of :PersonName (which signifies the type of person name). For example:
bdr:P1583 a :Person ;
:personName
[ a bdr:PersonPrimaryName ;
rdfs:label "dri med 'od zer"@bo-x-ewts ] .
Third translated event
An event describing the third translation of a work
Topic
Subjects and genres of works, just as in a traditional library catalog
Names are represented by rdfs:label
revealed
An event describing the discovery of a work (for terma revelations)
Special Collection
A collection maintained by a Library
1
Series Member instance
An instance of a SeriesMember.
Was SerialWork, changed to align with Bibframe 2.0
Other Name
an otherwise unspecified type of person name
true
Work Edited
An event of editing a :Work
deprecated in favor of :CompiledEvent
Translated
An event of work translation.
Type
Types are used to indicate features names, titles, events and so on.
2
Types are used to indicate features names, titles, events and so on.
An owl:subClassOf :Type, e.g., :KinType, will have some set of individuals that represent the various types, e.g., bdr:KinUncle, bdr:KinYoungerSister, etc.
The set of such individuals may be further organized via :Taxonomy but need not be.
print type
Print type indicates the form of the Work such as blockprint, palm-leaf, manuscript, and so on
2
ObjectType describes how the witness came to be. For example, it could have been written by the author, an Autograph; it could have been printed from wood blocks, a BlockPrint; it could have been OCR'd from some other witness; and so on.
Table of Contents Title
A title for a work as it occurs in the table of contents for a Work.
Use this type for titles in table of contents when they differ from the bibliographical title.
Other Title
Title that a work is known by other than one of the defined title types
when a work is known by different titles, the main one is recorded by :WorkBibliographicalTitle and the others with :WorkOtherTitle. This should mainly be used with abstract works.
Digital instance
Cover Title
Title printed on the cover of a Work or text as issued
Affiliation
Event indicating the Person becoming affiliated with a lineage or organization
Entity
Entities are the principle types or concepts in the BDRC ontology. Individuals of type subclass of :Entity will correspond to distinct individuals in the domain of discourse of BDRC, such as Persons, Places, and Works.
2
Leaves Office
The Event of a Person leaving an Office
IIIF Manifest
can be v2.1.* or v3.0.*
2
https://www.loc.gov/publish/cip/news/lccn_art.html
http://cip.loc.gov/cipman/
Copyright page Title
Title appearing on the copyright page of a Work, if present.
use for the title on the copyright page when it differs from the bibliographical title.
The Copyright Page Title is found on the Cataloging in Publication (CIP) when present. The CIP is typically on the verso of the Title Page in Western publications and often at the end for Chinese pubications. The title should be entered in the language and script as it appears in the original publication - which for Chinese publications is typically zh-hans. The Library of COngress standard for the Title in the CIP is that it includes the title and any subtitle from the title page so for Western materials this data element is redundant with the full :WorkTitlePageTitle and can be ignored for cataloging. For Chinese materials, especially Tibetan publications, the CIP title is typically distinct from that which appears on the Title Page and hence this data can be helpful in distinguishing the Work from others.
In general include the use Copyright Page Title when it differs from the bibliographical title.
Published
An event describing the publication of a work
bundle instance
An instance that is a bundle of unrelated instances that were not designed to be in the same package.
true
Event or DateIndication
domain of various date properties
deprecated as a bad idea. not used
Second translated event
An event describing the second translation of a work
originated
The event of origin of a work
eText
true
The :Etext :Entity represents a searchable Unicode text file ("eText"). In BUDA, eTexts are comprised of a base layer + at least one archival annotation layer, plus other annotation layers for different uses. The base layer is a raw Unicode text file. The base layer contains Unicode text and line breaks that form a coordinate system. The coordinate system includes a sequence number, position of start character and end character. The coordinate system is defined in the archival annotation layer.
The RDF representation of :Etext is derived from the base layer, a graph definining the coordinate system :EtextNonPaginated or :EtextPaginate, and a graph for the :ItemEtext that references the volume of the :ItemEtext.
There will also be information such as a URI to the original source file, if applicable. For Tibetan, these typically are Sambhota Word or Tibet Doc files.
The reference to the containing :ItemEtext is a URI formed by appending the volume index to the :ItemEtext URI, like:
:eTextInVolume bdr:I1KG443_003/volume/3
This URI refers to a volume blank node contained in the referenced Item.
Search chunks in the :Etext are derived from the original Unicode eText stream by breaking the stream at such locations to minimize the likelihood that the likely search terms will be broken across chunk boundaries. In Tibetan this is achieved by breaking the stream after the nearest shad codepoint following something like 300 tsegs. This assumes that most searches will not extend beyond a phrase boundary delimited by a shad (note there are actually a family of codepoints that count as shad in the Tibetan Unicode plane).
Each chunk is a blank node containing the chunk id - which is a virtual id serving only to order the sequence of contents to reassemble the original eText content, like:
[ a EtextChunk ;
:eTextChunk 3 ;
:chunkContents ". . . the text contained in chunk 3 . . ." ]
If the chunk is from an OCR'd text, then there is additional information indicating the starting chunk and character, and ending chunk and character for each page in the :ItemImageAsset from which the OCR'd material was derived. For example,
[ a EtextPage ; :slice 46 ;
:sliceStartChunk 43 ;
:sliceStartChar 17 ;
:sliceEndChunk 44 ;
:sliceEndChar 138 ]
The character counts are in terms of Unicode codepoints in whatever representation is used, typically, UTF-8.
destroyed
event type describing when a place was destroyed
Event
An event associated with the transmission of a lineage, such as giving/receiving an empowerment or oral transmission, and so on
Each :LineageReceived describes another :LineageHolder from whom the current :LineageHolder received the :Lineage transmission. Typically there is a unique :LineageHolder from whom the :Lineage is received but two or more are possible.
For example,
bdr:Lwwww a :Lineage ;
:lineageHolder
[ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:Paaaa ;
:lineageReceived
[ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:Pbbbb ;
:lineageSite bdr:Gdddd ;
:onOrAbout "134u" ] ;
:lineageWork bdr:Wcccc ]
Ahistorical agent
An ahistorical agent may be a deity or other non-human agent that is said to exist outside of human history
Monastic Collection
A collection maintained by a monastery
1
Assumes office
Event indicating a Person assuming an office such as Professor, Postmaster or General
Item
true
An Item captures structural and administrative metadata associated with a digital or physical asset
:Item captures the structural and administrative metadata associated with a digital or physical asset. While this ontology is primarily concerned with digital assets of texts, :Item could easily be extended to other types of digital assets such as audio and video; as well as physical assets, such as the physical holdings of libraries.
Tulku Title
A title bestowed on a Person who is recognized as a reincarnation of a distinguished Person
organization
An organization is a collection of agents organized as a single entity such as a monastery, governing body, and so on
An :Organization is a collection of agents that may be considered act in concert as a single agent, e.g., the kashag or the dzogchen protectors taken together: Ekazati, Rahulla, and Dorje Drollo
An administrative organization is one that is not a subject of the domain of discourse. For example, the British Library's Endangered Archives Programme (EAP) is an administrative organization and the sde dge par khang can be considered an :Organization since it is an entity within the domain of Asian Buddhism.
General note
A general note contains non-specific information about some resource
Subtitle
Title that is explanatory. Typically following the main Title Page Title or Cover Title
Title that is explanatory. Typically following the main Title Page Title or Cover Title
Label
true
any organization
Any sort of organization
deprecated in favor of setting the range of :agent to :Agents
First Ordination Name
The name given to a Person upon their receiving first ordination
requested
An event describing the request for a work
Title page title
Title that appears on the title page of a Work
(1) Title that appears on the title page of a Work; (2) Title of an Individual Work or text that is part of a larger containing Work. Should be included when available. May also be used as the Bibliographic title when no other title is available.
Divorce
Event occurring upon a divorce of the Person
Collection
Designates a collection of Bibliographic entities
1
Person
A Person resource tracks biographical metadata such as names/titles, kinship relations, birth and death events, and so on
names are represented via bdo:PersonName
A Person resource tracks biographical metadata such as kinship relations, birth and death dates, administrative offices and seats held, important events and known name variants. Instances of Person resources are not created for a-historical or quasi-historical personages, including legendary and mythical figures. Deities are defined as Topics.
lineage holder
A lineage holder is a Person that is considered to be an authoritative conveyer of a transmission lineage
A :LineageHolder describes a :Person or other :Entity (i.e., a deity or mythical being) that was/is considered to be the authoritative transmitter of a :Lineage.
Usually the holder received the :Lineage from some other entity but there is a "first" holder who counts as the original holder of the :Lineage.
A holder may create/author one or more Works concerning the Lineage and these are included with the holder as well as the, usually unique, prior holder of the lineage who transmitted it on to the current holder.
The :LineageReceived records the entity from whom the :Lineage was received, as well as the :Place where the :Lineage was transmitted to the current holder and the circa of the transmission if known.
For example,
bdr:Lwwww a :Lineage ;
:lineageHolder
[ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:Paaaa ;
:lineageReceived
[ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:Pbbbb ;
:lineageSite bdr:Gdddd ;
:onOrAbout 134u ] ;
:lineageWork bdr:Wcccc ]
Monastic member
An member of a monastic organization
Second revised event
An event describing the second revision of a work
Final Ordination
The Event of a Person receiving their final ordination
true
Revision of a translation
Event describing a revision of a Work
Family Name
The name of a Person's family. Surname
founded
event type describing when a place was founded
Leaves Seat
The Event of a Person leaving a Seat
Image item
An item comprised of digitized images of the pages of a Work
A digitized set of pages, one per page (folio side), produced by document scanning, digital photography. The resulting set of assets in :ItemImageAsset are images in a wide variety of archival and derivative formats.
Secret Initiatory Name
A name bestowed on Person upon receiving certain empowerments
abandonded
event type describing when a place was abandonded
Person Event
An Event associated with the Person such as birth, death, ordination, and so on
A Person Event describes place, date and other relevant information related to some significant event such as ordination, marriage, birth, death and so on.
The type of event is represented as a subclass of :PersonEvent
true
Chinese Name
The Person's name as generally known in Chinese traditions
Item microfilm asset
An :ItemMicrofilmAsset describes the physical microfilm from which the associated Instance was digitized.
BiblioEntity
The :BiblioEntity Class models the descriptive metadata about a "book" in the BUDAverse.
Was Work, changed to align with Bibframe 2.0
eText chunk
A unit of searchable etext
true
Unspecified work class
Works for which no work type was indicated
2
This is the class of migrated works for which no work type was indicated. Needs repair after migration
not used, not needed
Volume
A volume is a self-contained set of pages/folia.
There are subclasses of Volume corresponding to the different types of holding: physical, digitized images, and unicode etexts.
Each :Volume corresponds to a volume an associated :Work. A :Volume may have a :onDisk property present when the Volume has been digitized and deposited in the online archive.
Agent
The Agent class is useful in a few places in FOAF where Person would have been overly specific. For example, the IM chat ID properties such as jabberID are typically associated with people, but sometimes belong to software bots. The Agent class is the class of agents things that do stuff. A well known sub-class is Person, representing people. Other kinds of agents include Organization and Group.
slice
A slice of text is a character range, used to identify portions of an Etext for any purpose: correspondence with original pages, lines, etc.
2
Corporation
Corporation defines important social institutions. For instance in Tibet those that (1) owned land and (2) had members. Examples include families and monastic institutions
The Names of individual Corporations are represented by rdfs:label
Marginal title
Running Title
Title indicated in the margins or page headers of a Work.
Title as it appears in the margins or page headers of a Work
Colophon Title
Title given in the colophon of a Work or text
Title given in the colophon of a Work or text. Include when the title differs from the th full title or title page title
Paginated Etext
An etext with associated pagination information corresponding to digitized images of a Work
Serial Work
An (abstreact) Work representing a series of volumes/numbers published over time
Was SerialWork now split into an (abstract) Work Class and an Instance Class, changed to align with Bibframe 2.0
not specified
indicates a Place Event of unknown type!?
page
An indication of correspondence with a page of a physical/image page.
agent as creator
An agent as creator establishes a given Agent performing some cretation rolw w.r.t. a Work
:AgentAsCreator has :role that is restricted to instances of :Creator (rdfs:subClassOf :Role)
textual entity
:TextualEntity is a subclass of :Work, or :Item or :Etext that is constructed so that the adm:license range can be applied across
2
compiled
The event of compiling / editing a work (mostly collections)
person name or title of a bibliographic entity
domain of :restored and :restoredAlt that are used for name and title variants restored from corrupt textual content
2
variant orthography
An accepted variant writing of a name
other title
an otherwise unspecified type of person title
IIIF Collection
can be v2.1.* or v3.0.*
2
Full Title
Title on the first page of the text of the Tibetan traditional Pecha format.
Title on the first page of the text of the Tibetan traditional Pecha format.
Often the Title Page Title for a publication of a reproduction that includes prefatory material distinct from the main Tibetan content is different from the Tibetan title that appears on the first page of the content. See for instance, bdr:W22505
true
Collection institution
An Insitution containing a collection of works such as "Bibliothèque EFEO - Preah Vanarât Ken Vong", "Fragile Palm Leaves Foundation" or "National Library of Mongolia"
2
remove, not used
member (unspecified type)
An otherwise unspecified member of an organization
Institutional Collection
A collection maintained by an institution
1
Non Paginated Etext
An etext without any associated pagination information corresponding to digitized images of a Work
Archives Collection
A collection maintained by a national archive
1
Virtual work
Virtual works are works made by assembling different other works.
Virtual works are works made by assembling different other works. Examples: collections, manuscripts reconstituted from fragments in different collections, etc. The hierarchy of works displayed in an embedded reader is also a virtual work.
Image Group
Represents a scanned or otherwise digitized set of page images.
Each :ImageGroup represents a group of images. Most of the time these would correspond to volumes / bundles.
Alternatively, a :ImageGroup may have an :hasManifest property that identifies an :IIIFManifest resource. This will typically occur when the images associated with the :ImageGroup are served from a third-party IIIF server.
rebuilt
event type describing when a place was rebuilt
entity or facet
class of various resources that may have :Note attached
2
Paginated Etext Item
An etext with pagination corresponding to digitized images of the Work
2
An eText created via OCR or manual input where pagination has been maintained in the eText of a set of digitized page images.
Paginated etexts are searchable Unicode documents that correspond to image assets in BUDA. Paginated etexts are primarily used as searchable metadata that can help to identify digitized images of interest. These texts should not be expected to be error-free but rather treated as hints providing access to the image archive. :ItemEtextPaginated have known pagination correspondence to an :ItemImageAsset from which they are derived.
In some cases, such as texts from the Asian Classics Input Project (ACIP), pagination information is maintained in the :ItemEtextPaginated, even though there might not be a known correspondence to the image asset.
collection
A work that is made of a collection of other works (ex: gsung bum, canonical collection, etc.).
Was AbstarctWork, changed to align with Bibframe 2.0
Private Collection
A collection maintained by a private individual or organization
1
Agent
an entity that performs actions, e.g., creating works, teaching other agents, founding artificial places and so on
Note
A comment about the subject resource, possibly with a source Work and a location in the Work
etext
links an etext volume to its various etexts (often 1)
Used as a reference from a :VolumeEtextAsset to a particular :Etext, via :eTextResource, and indicating the position, :seqNum, of the :Etext in the volume.
iiif v2 or v3 manifest
2
Etext Volume
A searchable etext volume versus a physical or digitized pzges images.
This serves as a blank node that represents an actual volume corresponding to a volume of a printed/pubished Work OR a virtual volume of all of the eTexts contained in a printed/published Work.
The ambiguity arises because in some cases we do not have know the actual volume or volume order of a collection of input eTexts that have been provided for preservation.
An example is the Guru Lama collection of Sakyapa eTexts. These were all input and used to prepare printed pechas that were distributed but when the files were supplied the correspondence of files to volumes and the order of the files in volumes was not provided. Therefor we have simply represented each Work as a single virtual volume with a collection of files in some order. Later it should be possible to analyze these particular Works to establish the volume and order within volume of the various eTexts by examining the titles and so on.
There is no distinction between OCR'd and input volumes.
revised
An event describing the revision of a work
Provenance note
note indicating the provenance of an information
In Residence
The Event of a Person establishing residence in a Place such as a Monastery, Cave, and so on
Title portion
Title that is abbreviated, condensed, divided from the main title
A Title that is abbreviated, condensed, divided from the main title
completed
The event of completing a work
Death
Death Event for a Person
Organization Position Name
Name by which a Person is known by virtue of their position within an Organization
true
person or coporation
deprecated in favor of :Agent
Union class of Persons and Corporations. Used when a specific :Person or a :Corporation may be the object of a property, e.g., :eventWho on a :WorkPublished event
2
https://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf
VCARD Entity
2
Entities used from VCARD, primarily for contemporary addresses. VCARD provides am appropriate vocabulary for expressing the address information associated with Libraries in the TLM project,among other cases where physical addresses are modeled.
rab byung
Preliminary Ordination
A preliminary to monastic ordination, when someone takes the five root vows
Discovers Terma
The Event of a Person discovering a terma
Birth
Birth Event for a Person
FOAF Entity
Friend of a Friend (FOAF) is a project devoted to linking people and information using the Web. Regardless of whether information is in people's heads, in physical or digital documents, or in the form of factual data, it can be linked. FOAF classes used in the BDRC ontology are used primarily for administrative purposes since FOAF is not itself a cultural heritage vocabulary.
work
true
An abstract or conceptual work is the idea of a work, as opposed to an expression or manifestation which is a specific edition or witness.
Was AbstarctWork, changed to align with Bibframe 2.0
Authored
The event of authoring a work
instance
true
An expression of a work, for instance a particular published form.
Was Work, changed to align with Bibframe 2.0
Was PublishedWork, changed to align with Bibframe 2.0
Series Member
The Work metadata about a member of a :SerialWork
The (abstract) :SeriesNumber resource contains the Work metadata associated with a number of a :SerialWork
Half Title
Title of a publication appearing on a page or folio preceding the title page.
Title of a publication appearing on a page or folio preceding the title page. Include when present as a distinguishing item of information. The half title page may be missing from later reproductions of a work, Typically the half title is the main title w/o additional subtitling.
Agents
The various sorts of agents represented in the ontology, such as Persons, Organizations and so on
2
true
Unicode work (etext)
Indicates a searchable etext Work versus digitized page images.
2
replace with EtextInstance
true
Founds Monastery
The Event of a Person founding a Monastery
this Person event is deprecated in favor of modeling via PlaceEvent
Place Event
An event of some type that occurred at the subject Place around some date, involving some Persons and other entities: founding, destruction etc.
Title
A title by which is known or referenced.
A title for the Work including the title text and title type: full, sub, etc:
bdr:W22083 a :Work ;
:workHasTitle [ a :WorkBibliographicalTitle ;
rdfs:label "bka' 'gyur (stog pho brang bris ma/)"@bo-x-ewts ] ,
[ a :WorkOtherTitle ;
rdfs:label "la dwags tog mu mkhar bzhugs pa'i bod yig bka' 'gyur bris ma/"@bo-x-ewts ] ,
[ a :WorkTitlePageTitle ;
rdfs:label "the tog palace manuscript of the tibetan kanjur"@en ] .
Role
Roles include offices held as well as other positions.
Names are represented by rdfs:label
Roles include offices held as well as other positions. Roles was formerly called Office in the tbrc.org XML schema. Roles is prefered as a more commonly used concept in libraries.
singleton instance
An instance that has only one copy (ex: a manuscript, an art work, etc.). A singleton instance may have reproductions
Member by marriage
A member of an organization by marriage
Date type
The type of various sorts of date individuals such as DILA's Chinese date individuals - see subclass bdo:ChineseDateType
2
Instance Event
An event associated with the production of an Instance.
An event associated with the production of an :Instance. Event information is gathered from colophons and publication data presented in the publishede form of texts
Work Event
An event associated with the creation of a Work.
An event associated with the creation of a :Work. Event information is gathered from colophons and publication data presented in the publishede form of texts
enscribed
An event of preparing a written manuscript of a Work
Personal Name
The name a Person is known by, typically at birth, independent of offices, seats, and so on
true
Catalog
A catalog such as the Tohoku or the FEMC Volumes I, II, or III
remove, not needed
Physical item
A item comprised of a physical volume or volumes.
A ItemPhysicalAsset refers to the library Place which has one or more physical copies of the catalogued Work and shows the number of copies that are held at the library. The :itemShelf is the Library's shelving information concerning the location in the library of the physical copies. The exception is an optional note regarding missing volumes in a copy or other information such as may be useful to qualify the status of one or more copies.
Examples:
bdr:W1TLMTGA000883 a :Work ;
:workHasItem bdr:IW1TLMTGA000883_01, bdr:IW1TLMTGA000883_02 .
bdr:IW1TLMTGA000883_01 a :ItemPhysicalAsset ;
:itemLibrary bdr:G1TLMTGA000001 ;
:itemCopies 1 ;
:itemShelf "ཇ|ཇ|༣||001278" .
bdr:IW1TLMTGA000883_02 a :ItemPhysicalAsset ;
:itemLibrary bdr:G1TLMTGB000001 ;
:itemCopies 1 ;
:itemShelf "ག|༦|||000026" .
bdr:W20907 a :Work ;
:workHasItem bdr:IW20907_02 .
bdr:IW20907_02 a :ItemPhysicalAsset ;
:itemLibrary bdr:G1TLMTGA000001 ;
:itemCopies 1 ;
:itemShelf "ཉ|༣|||000567" .
bdr:W1KG20928 a :Work ;
:workHasItem bdr:IW1KG20928_02 .
bdr:IW1KG20928_02 a :ItemPhysicalAsset ;
:itemLibrary bdr:G1TLMTGA000001 ;
:itemCopies 1 ;
:itemShelf "ཉ|༣|||001811" ;
:itemException "དེབ་གཅིག་ཕྱི་ལ་གཡར་ནས་མ་འབྱོར"@bo .
IIIF Collection (v3.*)
IIIF Collection (v2.*)
converted
event type describing when a place was converted from one tradition to another, e.g., from Nyingma to Gelugpa
Corporation member
A member of an organization based on some attributes of the
Describes a member of the subject Corporation by indicating the :Person that is a member and the :CorporationMemberType of the :Person:
bdr:Czzzz a :Corporation ;
:corporationHasMember
[ a :CorporationMemberByBlood ;
:corporationMember bdr:Pyyyyy ] ,
[ a CorporationMemberByMarriage ;
:corporationMember bdr:Pxxxxx ] .
Member by blood
A member of an organization by kinship
iiif v2 or v3 collection
2
Reference Title
for use with abstract works such as from the SEA project that have many different expressions with the same putative title
2
Bibliographic Title
The main title of a work, the title by which it is the most often known.
This is the main title of a work, the title by which it is the most often known. If a work has only one title, it must be of type Bibliographic Title. There must be only one bibliographical title per work.
Title by which a Work is identified for cataloging purposes. There are three usages: (1) Title that is the main title of a Work based on Cover Title, Title Page Title. Spine Title, Colophon Title; (2) Title that is a known or popular abbreviation of the main title of a Work; (3) Title that is a collective convention used to collocate publications of an author that contains several Works (ex: gsung ‘bum)
Common Name
The name by which a Person is commonly known
Primary Name
The primary name by which a Person is known
what is the difference with :PersonCommonName
reversed name
Reverses 'firstname lastname' to 'lastname, firstname'
The most basic class in the BUDA ontology is owl:thing. Subclasses of owl:thing are (1) the principle concepts (:Entity) that constitute BUDA's domain of discourse, (2) facets (n-ary properties) of the principle concepts, (3) features of an :Entity or :Facet, such the types of resources such as place events, work titles, or features such as WorkTitles, and (4) relevant classes from third party ontologies that BDRC refers to in constructing concepts, facets and types.
Event
The class of the various sorts of events: Persons, Places, Works, and Lineages
Class of all the various event classes in the ontology: PersonEvent, PlaceEvent, LineageReceived, etc
single agent
single agents include ahistorical and historical (human) agents
Physical Volume
Physical assets are indicated for libraries that are representing their assets as physical items.
2
Assumes seat
Event indicating a Person assuming a seat such as Secretary to the Kashag
Printed
An event of printing a work
Facet
:Facets are essentially n-ary relations that apply to one or more Resources. Facets are compound features or properties of Resources.
2
line
An indication of correpondance with a line of text of a physical/image asset. Lines are counted from 1.
indicates a line of text in a corresponding digitized image of a Work
Physical instance
A physical instance of an (abstract) Work
A published or one-off (manuscript, etc.) instance of an (abstract) Work
Unspecified Event
An otherwise unspecified type of Person Event
Bodhisattva vow name
The name received by the Person upon taking their Bodhisattva vows
IIIF v2 Manifest
eText instance
An Instance consisting of some form of searchable text
Was ItemEtext, changed to align with Bibframe 2.0
:ItemEtext represent the :Etext items in the archive (i.e the actual digital files).
There are two subclasses of :ItemEtext. (1) :ItemEtextNonPaginated and (2) :ItemEtextPaginated. These are characterized by the presence or lack of pagination information maintained in the :ItemEtext. OCR is considered ItemEtextPaginated and manual input saved in RTF format considered :ItemEtextNonPaginated. These are distinguished because there are different stuctural characteristics in the :ItemEtext.
An :ItemEtext typically will represent an entire published Work. There won't be an Etext item for each :Volume within the Work. This is because we generally want to track the entire published Work as a single entity and will use the Work :partOf Work statements along with additional statements to link an individual Etext back to a Work part.
true
language
Indicates the primary language and script in which the Instance is expressed.
Every Instance should have at least one :langScript indicating the primary laguage and script in which the language is presented. There may be more than one :langScript when there are multiple languages used for primary text. For example, a dictionary with entries in Chinese, Sanskrit and Tibetan would list all three languages and their corresponding scripts via three :workLangScript statements
was :workObjectType
content method
the method for creating the content
2
has general incarnation
Indicates an incarnation of this Person.
is about
The referenced Entity (topic, person, work, etc.) is a subject of the Work - something the Work is about.
alternative lineage
The :lineageRef identifies an alternative version of the current Lineage
The :lineageRef identifies another :Lineage that is an alternative version of the current :Lineage. In gsan yig and thob yig there can be references to different versions of how a given object has been transmitted up to the time of the writing of the gsan/thob yig.
femc conversion of
This label is a (spelling) correction and conversion from the FEMC catalogs
true
tertön
An individual who revealed the Work as treasure texts.
An individual who revealed the Work as treasure texts. Cf., W25816:
Practice text for the secret sadhana of Ganapati according to revelations by Diri Chodrak
true
other language
secondary language associated with a work
The :workOtherLangScript is used to indicate language script combinations that occur in secondary or subsidiary roles within a :Work. For example, a preface in Chinese for a primary Tibetan text could be indicated via:
:workOtherLangScript bdr:ZhNative
or a text containing handwritten comments in Tibetan might have:
:workOtherLangScript bdr:BoKhyugYig
true
Indic Scholar
Persons who function in the translation group as experts in the Indic traditions
in the case of Chinese texts, the persons who function in the translation group as experts in the Indic traditions in question can sometimes be identified primarily by other function labels, such as "head translator"; we use this creator type primarily as an equivalent for persons whom the Chinese tradition states "handled the Indic text", Chn. (shou) zhi Fan (wen) [手]執梵[文], (shou) zhi Hu (ben) [手]執胡[本] etc.; this role can also overlap with that of "reciter"
for instance
true
This Item represents an occurrence of the referenced PhysicalInstance
was :itemForWork.
item from microfilm
The microfilm item from which the instance was digitized.
2
was :workMicrofilm
has serial member
used to reference the number associated with the work in the series
located in
Identifies a Place that this Place is located in.
Identifies a Place that this Place is located in - usually a single Place but to account for changes over time in the definitions of regions and such it may be necessary to have multiple associations.
type
2
who
associates an event with one or more agent
down to
Similar to down from this property refers to a sequence of holders from another Lineage.
This models the "down to ..." references to other Lineages. The other Lineage from the beginning to the holder with the same who as this holder is implicitly included with this lineage. The known use case is for the initial holder to include the prior holders from another lineage as the initial without having members of this lineage without having to repeat them. It may be meaningful to use this feature deeper in a lineage but that is not defined at this time. It is meaningful to include multiple from references which is interpreted as implicitly creating an alternative lineage for each from element.
person of school
Indicates a school, tradition, or sect that the Person is associated with.
has qualities incarnation
Indicates a Qualities incarnation of this Person.
instance of
Links an (abstract) :Work and one of its instances
was :workExpressionOf
The subject Instance is an instance of the referenced :Work. This may mean that the subject instance is an edition or version or the only extant occurrence of the referenced :Work.
This modeling is relevant when there are more than one occurrence of a work that needs to be accounted for in the library. If there is a single edition of a unique work then this elaborate modeling is not needed; however, for many works in the domain of Buddhist Universal Digital Archive there are many expressions of a single identified "conceptual" work such as the Kanjur, Tengyur, Nyingma Gyu Bum, Rinchen Terdzod, Nyingma Kama, Songs of Milarepa, and on and on.
Consider the Kanjur:
bdr:T2423 a Topic, Work ;
rdfs:label "bka' 'gyur"@bo-x-ewts ;
:workHasTitle [ a :WorkTitle ;
rdfs:label "Kanjur"@en ;
:workHasTitleType bdr:TitleTypeBibliographicalTitle ]
bdr:W9NEW01 a Work ;
:workHasTitle [ a :WorkTitle ;
rdfs:label "Dege Kanjur"@en ;
:workHasTitleType bdr:TitleTypeBibliographicalTitle ]
:instanceOf bdr:T2423 .
bdr:W22703 a Work ;
:workHasTitle [ a :WorkTitle ;
rdfs:label "Narthang Kanjur"@en ;
:workHasTitleType bdr:TitleTypeBibliographicalTitle ]
:instanceOf bdr:T2423 .
bdr:W26071 a Work ;
:workHasTitle [ a :WorkTitle ;
rdfs:label "Lhasa Kanjur"@en ;
:workHasTitleType bdr:TitleTypeBibliographicalTitle ]
:instanceOf bdr:T2423 .
has child
Indicates a Child of the Person
has aunt
Indicates an Aunt of the Person
serial instance of
true
translator
A translator of the Work.
A translator of the Work. Cf., W8LS25412:
The glorious blissful garland ,the root sadhana of the dakini by Jigme Lingpa, translated by Tulku Thondup
part of
Indicates the direct parent in the hierarchy of the work content
The subject work is a part of the referenced work. The subject work in this case is an <outline:node/> in the legacy metadata. The referenced work may be the root work or another part of the root work such as a section.
For example, The Kanjur conventionally has a section of Vinaya texts and each of these will be a :Work modeled like:
bdr:SomeKanjurVinayaTextX a :Work ;
:workPartOf bdr:SomeKanjurVinayaSection ;
:workBeginsAt bdr:ContentLocationY001 ;
:workEndsAt bdr:ContentLocationY002 .
bdr:SomeKanjurVinayaSection a :Work ;
:workPartOf bdr:W26071 ;
:workBeginsAt bdr:ContentLocationZ001 ;
:workEndsAt bdr:ContentLocationZ002 .
transliteration of
This label is a transliteration of the object label in a form indicated in the language tag
has parent
Indicates a Parent of the Person
has speech incarnation
Indicates a Speech incarnation of this Person.
true
筆受
amanuensis
A person who writes down a translation in Chinese, in a capacity something like a scribe.
has grandparent
Indicates a Grandparent of the Person
contains
Identifies a Place that this Place contains.
eText resource
Refers to an :Etext that is contained in a particular :VolumeEtextAsset
lineage received
Essentially who did the holder receive this Lineage from
has instance
The referenced Instance is an expression of this Work.
was :workHasExpression
mind incarnation of
This Person is a Mind incarnation of the target Person
event
A description of the what, when and where of an event in the life of a instance
true
reviser of translation
An individual who is known to have revised a previous translation.
An individual who is known to have revised a previoius translation. Cf., W3CN4970:
The root text of Pramanavartika by Dharmakirti translated by Khache Kelden Gyalpo and Ngog Lotsava Loden Sherap and revised by Shakyashri Bhadra and Sapan Kunga Gyatsen.
binding
Describes the type of binding of a work (loose leaves, bound by glue, etc.)
has younger sister
Indicates a Younger sister of the Person
true
unspecified
A person that evidence tells us only that they were involved in the production of the Work.
a person for whom our source or evidence tells us only that they were involved in the translation process, without allowing us to further specify the specific role they played in that process.
agent
identifies the agent participating in an :AgentInRole
has incarnation
true
Indicates a Person considered to be an Incarnation of this Person
This property is applicable to Persons and Topics (that represent deities or other ahistorical figures).
region
The original corporation.xsd includes several attributes on <region/>: @start, @startCirca, @end, @endCirca that are not used except in one case
for @start, C71, and a different instance, C13, for @endCirca. The uses are not correct and these attributes have not been included in the current model.
Thus crp:region maps crp:Corporation directly to plc:Place without any additional chaff
This property records a Place characterizing the region in which the Corporation occured/occurs.
2
has uncle
Indicates an Uncle of the Person
has paternal uncle
Indicates a Paternal uncle of the Person
abbreviation of
indicates that this label is a shortened. abbreviated form of the object label
teacher of
Indicates a Person this Person was a teacher of.
true
has site
A :WorkSite describes where some activity associated with a Work occurred. This was a component of the Outline nodes but has been folded into the general bibliographic model applicable to all :Work(s)
deprecated in favor of the various :WorkEvents.
speech incarnation of
This Person is a Speech incarnation of the target Person
conversion of
This label is a conversion of the object label from one orthographic form to another in the same language, e.g., Khmer
true
artist
An artist who provided illustrations and or other non-textual content such as tables, graphs, and the like
has creator
Associates an Instance with an Agent and a Creator Role that participated in the creation of the Instance. For example, scribe, carver and so on
received from
Who did this "LineageHolder receive the :Lineage from?
line
Refers to a line of an Etext page
has part
links a work and one of its part (a collection and a text in the collection, a text and one of its chapters, etc.)
printed at
used to indicate the printery of a traditional artefact
was :workHasSourcePrintery
has steward
An organization that preserves and makes metadata and images/etexts available digitally
2
A steward of (a Collection of) Textual Item(s) is an organization that preserves and makes metadata and images/etexts available digitally. A steward may be an :Organization or an adm:Organization.
work
Refers to a Work authored by the LineageHolder about the Lineage.
place
associates an event with at most one place
transliteration
A transliteration for a LangScript.
2
A transliteration for a :LangScript. Mostly this will apply for Pali situations since texts are always written in a transliteration of Pali in a Romanization or script of a language such as Thai.
true
general author
deprecated in favor of :MainAuthor
has yangtse
Indicates a young incarnation of this Person.
at place
Indicates the place where the collection resides.
correction of
This label is a (spelling) correction of the object label
true
譯主
head translator
The person identified by tradition implicitly as the head of the translation group
The person identified explicitly or treated by the tradition implicitly as the head of the translation group or workshop that produced a translation. Such persons may be explicitly identified by the tradition as such, but often our knowledge that this was in fact a person's role is implicit or inferred from other knowledge about the composition of the translation group.
date indication
2
Not Used: associates a :Date with at most one :ChineseDateIndication such as a :ChineseDynasty or reign of an Emperor. Not currently used pending import of :DateIndication metadata
true
work type
deprecated in favor of simply using the proper sublcass of :Work, e.g., :AbstractWork, :PublishedWork, and so on
true
scribe
An individual that wrote the text typically during recitation by the author. Cf., W8145
has derivative
The referenced Work is a derivative of this Work.
The referenced work is a derivative of this Work. This means that the referenced work may be a later edition or a version with some "corrections"/changes to the content of the referenced work.
in collection
The subject is contained in a collection
2
has chunk
2
has husband
Indicates a Husband of the Person
has nephew
Indicates a Nephew of the Person
true
person of tradition
Indicates a Tradition that the Person is associated with.
retired in favor of :associatedTradition
has mind incarnation
Indicates a Minds incarnation of this Person.
has IIIF Manifest
this property refers to a named IIIF Manifest resource. The resource may be local or at another location such as the British Library EAP
2
activities incarnation of
This Person is an Activities incarnation of the target Person
true
偽作
forger
A person who produces a text, but then knowingly presents it as the end result of some other process of composition
a person who produces a text, but then knowingly presents it as the end result of some other process of composition--usually, as a translation from an Indic language, and sometimes under the pretense that it was "translated" by a person other than the forger (i.e. with a false ascription attached).
true
compiler
A person who assembles a text out of pre-existing smaller texts or portions
a person who assembles a text out of pre-existing smaller texts or portions, such that the larger text has the nature of a compilation, anthology, chrestomathy etc. Cf., W1KG4337:
Liturgical texts including supplication and recitations for liberating beings from the bardo states. Editor:
a ti bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan, rdzogs chen 03 (P7404)
has daughter
Indicates a Daughter of the Person
event
An event related to a person such as birth, death, ordination, founding monastery and so on.
has item
true
This physical instance has an associated Item.
was workHasItem
interpretation of
indicates that this label is an interpretation of the object label, e.g., this sa-iast label is an interpretation of a phonetic label
event
Identifies an event that occurred at this Place, e.g., founded, rebuilt, deserted, etc.
label connection
indicates a connection between two bdo:Labels
has consort
The target Person is a consort of the subject Person
is holder
identifies who this LineageHolder is, Person or a being represented via a Topic.
has father
Indicates the Father of the Person
title
Asserts that the subject instance has a particular title.
has nibling
Indicates a Nibling of the Person
in instance
The reference to the instance the etext is in
has IIIF Collection
2
lineage type
Identifies the type of :Lineage such as empowerment, reading transmission, various sorts of instructions and so on
has older brother
Indicates an Older brother of the Person
instance derivative of
References an Instance that this Instance is a derivative of.
has member
Indicates an Entity that is a member of the corporation
general incarnation of
This Person is a general incarnation of the target Person
has son
Indicates a Son of the Person
has translation
The referenced Work is identified as a translation of this Work.
The referenced work is identified as a translation of the subject work. This will be used, for example, when the referenced work is a Tibetan translation of a subject Sanskrit work.
has volume
refers to a volume description of a digital asset, scanned or etext; or a physical volume.
has paternal aunt
Indicates a Paternal aunt of the Person
has brother
Indicates a Brother of the Person
applied material
Indicates the material applied on a work (ink, golden leaf, etc.)
script
The script (Tibetan, Devanagari, etc.)
eText
refers to an :EtextRef that identifies an :Etext and the position of that :Etext in a containing :VolumeEtextAsset
event
A description of the what, when and where of an event in the life of a instance
has maternal uncle
Indicates a Maternal uncle of the Person
volume of
The subject is a volume of the referenced item.
has maternal aunt
Indicates a Maternal aunt of the Person
true
attributed author
A creator identified by a separate source as an author of the Work
has mother in-law
Indicates a Mother-in-law of the Person
has wife
Indicates a Wife of the Person
has mother
Indicates the Mother of the Person
name
describe a name for a Person
student of
Indicates a Person this Person was a student of.
has body incarnation
Indicates a Body incarnation of this Person.
has father in-law
Indicates the Father-in-law of the Person
has in-law
Indicates an in-law of the Person
true
commentator
A person that provided a commentary included in a Work. Used when a Work conventionally comprises root texts and one or more commentaries.
serial member of
Indicates that this Work is a member of a series.
Indicates that this Work is a member of a series. This property is used rather than :partOf to distinguish between the situation in which a series is typically not published all at once versus a collection of Works such as a Kanjur or gSungbum that is conventionally published and distributed all at once.
has grandfather
Indicates a Grandfather of the Person
serial has instance
has grandson
Indicates a Grandson of the Person
is incarnation of
true
This Person is an incarnation of the target Person
isIncarnation records which being (Person or Topic) this individual is an incarnation of and optionally what sort of incarnation (body speech, mind, etc). There are 1,456 individuals out of 18,320, that are marked as being incarnations of some being. Of these, 18 are marked with per:incarnationOf_relation and 5 are marked with per:incarnationOf_secondary.
has sibling in-law
Indicates a Sibling-in-law of the Person
has reproduction
References an Instance that is a reproduction of this Instance.
was :workHasReproduction
instance reproduction of
The subject instance is a reproduction of the referenced instance such as a photocopy or an offset print of an original or photocopy and so on.
was :workReproductionOf
This is relevant to record versus :workExpressionOf when there may be features peculariar to the fact of reproduction versus a direct production such as from master woodblocks or, in a more modern setting, the original offset plates from an input text.
For example,
bdr:W22084 :workReproductionOf bdr:W9NEW01
indicates that bdr:W22084 is considered to be scanned images from a reproduction of the conceptual sdg dge Kanjur identified here as bdr:W9NEW01. The bdr:W9NEW01 denotes the constellation of versions/reproductions and derivatives of the (mythical) sde dge Kanjur.
has sister in-law
Indicates a Sister-in-law of the Person
has agent
Indicates the agent that holds the collection
role
Associates a Role with eiher an Agents or an AgentInRole.
The :role property associates a :Role with eiher an :Agents or an :AgentInRole.
When used with an :Agents the triple is asserting that the subject is commonly found performing in the target :Role
When used in an :AgentInRole, the associated :Agents is performing in the target :Role in the context of the subject property for which the :AgentInRole is the target.
derivative of
This work is a derivative of the referenced work. This means that it may be a later edition or a version with some "corrections"/changes to the content of the referenced work.
For example,
bdr:W30532 :workDerivativeOf bdr:W22084
bdr:W30532 is a printing based on woodblocks that have a variety of "corrections" made via plugs in the original woodblocks and W22084 is a printing from the original sde dge Kanjur woodblocks so it makes sense to indicate that bdr:W30532 is a derivative of bdr:W22084.
This work is a derivative of the referenced work.
library
The Library (Place) that contains the physical holding
true
pandita
deprecated in favor of :IndicScholar
has parent sibling
Indicates an Parent sibling of the Person
true
affiliated tradition
Refers to the Tradition that the place event is affiliated with.
retired in favor of :associatedTradition
has derivative
References an Instance that is a derivative of this Instance.
true
main author
The actual author of a text
the actual author of a text, sometimes against assertions in the tradition that the text was authored by someone else or produced by processes other than direct authorship, such as translation; in numerous cases, the exact force of this role characterisation can depend upon the nature or genre of the text in question; e.g. to claim that a Chinese person is the "author" of a sutra implies that the text was composed in China, but such texts must necessarily almost universally be presented by the tradition as if they were translated from Indic originals (since sutras are buddhavacana, and the Buddha was generally understood to have been active in India); but the implications might be quite different if we identify someone as the "author" of a commentary
has activities incarnation
Indicates an Activities incarnation of this Person.
true
reviser
An individual who is known to have revised a previous work or translation.
An individual who is known to have revised a previous work or translation. Cf., W3CN4970:
The root text of Pramanavartika by Dharmakirti translated by Khache Kelden Gyalpo and Ngog Lotsava Loden Sherap and revised by Shakyashri Bhadra and Sapan Kunga Gyatsen.
deprecated in favor of :creator and associated :AgentAsCreator
deprecated in favor of bdo:Role/bdo:Creator and :role in a bdo:WorkEvent
true
true
Identifies the type and person that are a creator of the work
creator
person
Indicates a Person that is a member of the corporation
2
has niece
Indicates a Niece of the Person
true
calligrapher
For a handwritten Work an individual that drew the text or carved it on woord blocks
translation of
This work is a translation of the reference work.
The subject work is identified as a translation of the referenced work. This will be used, for example, when the subject work is a Tibetan translation of a referenced Sanskrit work.
has granddaughter
Indicates a Granddaughter of the Person
qualities incarnation of
This Person is a Qualities incarnation of the target Person
address
Associates modern address information with a Place
2
has member
Indicates a BiblioEntity that is a member of the Collection
true
editor
deprecated in favor of bdo:Compiler
true
contributing author
An individual that author one or more parts of a Work.
An individual that author one or more parts of a Work. Used in situations where the Work has a few contributors that are singled out as properties of the Work or when only partial authorship is known, cf. W23280
gender
The gender of the Person
base material
Indicates the base material of a work (paper, palm leaf, etc.)
in instance
Indicates the Instance that the ContentLocation refers to.
was :workLocationWork
type
The type of Place: monastery, river, mountain pass, etc.
location
This is the location of the source information for this :Lineage in a specified gsan / thob yig.
was :workLocation
the :contentLocation may be used with other domains and these will be added in an owl:unionOf as they are added. One such is expected to be :Note
genre
The referenced Topic is interpreted as a "genre".
The referenced Topic is expected to be a "genre" topic and eventually the genre topics will be moved to a class of Genre and/or a Taxonomy of Genre may be supplied.
A genre is intended to capture a form or structural type of the work versus the content of the work.
transmits
This is a reference to what is being transmitted in the Lineage.
This is a reference to what is being transmitted in the :Lineage. Typically this is a deity, ritual, or teaching or some sort. The :lineageType will indicate the nature of the :Lineage transmission, empowerment, reading transmission, instructions on practice and so on.
The object should be restricted to Persons or to Topics that represent a Deity or other suitable objects of a Lineage (what might those be?). This requires a union of some sort.
associated corporation
Indicates a Corporation that is associated with the subject Event.
associated tradition
Indicates a Tradition that the subject is associated with
has brother in-law
Indicates a Brother-in-law of the Person
has creator
Associates a Work with an Agent and a Creator Role that participated in the creation of the Work
true
requester
deprecated - not used
An individual who requested the author to write the Work
true
reciter
a person who recites an original text (usually Indic) in an original (usually Indic) language during the process of translation
a person who recites an original text (usually Indic) in an original (usually Indic) language during the process of translation; Chn. koushou 口授, tongxuan 同宣 etc., though this function can also sometimes overlap with "IndicScholar" (see below)
has older sister
Indicates an Older sister of the Person
has root
For a sub(sub, etc) Work the target Work is the top-level containing Work.
2
:workHasRoot is typically "inferred" via a path expression such as:
?hEx bdo:partOf+ ?hExW .
optional { ?hExW bdo:partOf ?hExWP }
FILTER (!bound(?hExWP))
?hExW skos:prefLabel ?hExO .
which can then be constructed to:
?hEx :workHasRoot ?hExW .
rather than storing the triple explicitly for every part of a large composite :Work such as a Kanjur or Tengyur.
Adding this "virtual" property to the ontology provides a place to add the labels needed for localization of applications
page
Refers to a page of an eText corresponding to a physical/image page asset.
Refers to a page of an eText corresponding to a physical/image page asset.
Used to provide stand-off markup for the pagination of eText in correspondence with physical/image assets when known such as in OCR or certain cases of manual input where such information has been preserved during input.
part type
If the subject work is part of another work, then this reflects the type of part: chapter, section, text, etc.
translation of
This label is a translation of the object label to a language indicated in the language tag
associated role
Indicates a Role that is occupied by a Person associated with the PersonEvent.
true
license
The license under which access to the Work is provided
deprecated by adm:license
has younger brother
Indicates a Younger brother of the Person
true
bard
for a Work of verse a poet who composed the verse
body incarnation of
This Person is a Body incarnation of the target Person
print method
Indicates the printing method of the Item associated with the Work.
consort of
The subject Person is a consort of the target Person
has parent in-law
Indicates a Parent-in-law of the Person
true
recipient of response to query
An individual to whom answers in a Work are addressed
An individual to whom answers in a Work are addressed. Cf., W22146:
Study of the history of Buddhism in Tibet. Written by the 16th century author, Yagde Dulzin Khyenrab Gyatso. Written in response to polemical questions by Karmapa 08 Mikyo Dorje (1507-1554) raised against the Nyingma order.
yangtse of
This Person is the next incarnation of the target Person
has grandmother
Indicates a Grandmother of the Person
material
a component material of the source (can be the type of paper, type of ink, etc.)
2
was :workMaterial
paginated by
2
This property does appear to be used, nor is it cear what it means.
pagination
Indicates whether the pagination is absolute across all pages of a Work or relative to the contents of a part of the Work.
2
was :workPagination
has sister
Indicates a Sister of the Person
has holder
the object of :lineageHolder is a :LineageHolder that describes an individual that held the given :Lineage
has grandchild
Indicates a Grandchild of the Person
true
oral translator
a person who translates an orally transmitted text
a person who actually renders a text from a foreign language into Chinese, in a manner that the tradition clearly states was spoken rather than written; Chn. chuanyu 傳語, kouxuan 口宣[...言], chuanyi 傳譯, duyu 度語 etc.
down from
Down from expresses a sequence of lineage holders by reference to another Lineage.
This models the "down from ..." references to other Lineages. The :Lineage object of :lineageDownFrom will contain the same :LineageHolder as here and the meaning of :lineageDownFrom is to "splice" the remaining holders on to the end of this lineage.
This models the directly the way in which the source gsan/thob yigs are written.
For example, here is the "tail" of bdr:L0RKL137:
bdr:L0RKL137 a :Lineage ;
:lineageType bdr:LineageDbang ;
:lineageObject bdr:T976 ;
. . .
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:P502 ;
:lineageReceived [ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:P1226 ]
]
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:P3094 ;
:lineageReceived [ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:P502 ]
:lineageDownFrom bdr:L0RKL134
]
Now in bdr:L0RKL134 there will be found a :LineageHolder with a :lineageWho of bdr:P3094 and all of the holders from then to the end of bdr:L0RKL134 are considered to be appended to bdr:L0RKL137:
bdr:L0RKL134 a :Lineage ;
:lineageType bdr:LineageDbang ;
:lineageObject bdr:T976 ;
. . .
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:P502 ;
:lineageReceived [ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:P3093 ]
]
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:P3094 ;
:lineageReceived [ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:P502 ]
]
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:P1132 ;
:lineageReceived [ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:P3094 ]
]
:lineageHolder [ a :LineageHolder ;
:lineageWho bdr:P1034 ;
:lineageReceived [ a :LineageReceived ;
:lineageFrom bdr:P1132 ]
]
. . .
This illustrates that while bdr:P3094 received the :Lineage from bdr:P502 in both cases, bdr:P502 received the lineage from bdr:P3093 in one case and from bdr:P1226 in the other. The two :Lineages are both of the same type and are transmitting the same object, bdr:T976, so this example illustrates the use of :lineageDownFrom to simplify the recording in a gsan yig or thob yig while highlighting some of the commonalities.
locality
use for city for a Library address
publisher location
Loction of the publisher of the form of the Instance that has been digitized.
deprecated in favor of :PublishedEvent
slice end char
2
location statement
A statement of the location of this Instance in a containing Instance or of the pagination present in the text versus the formal location in terms of page images.
series member id
This is the number or other id of this SerialInstance in a SerialWork.
event text
captures ad hoc text associated with the event
2
street address
concatenate with the street number for a Library address
GB2260-2013
The 2013 Chinese GB code for the Place. Similar to U.S. Zipcode
2
true
series name
the series name should be a Label/Title on a :SerialWork
do not use for new records, a proper work should be created for the series.
nb. pages of text
pages of text content in the volume
2
work part tree index
A dotted list of indexes of the part among its siblings under each parent up to the root.
2
the :wpartTreeIndex is a dotted list of indexes of the part among its siblings under each parent up to the root. For example, suppose a part is the second part under the third part under the first part under the fifth part under the root work then the index will be:
5.1.3.2
so go to the fifth child of the root then to the first of its children, then to the third child of that and finally to that child's second child
postal code
image number
The image number in the image group of the Instance indicated by the other statements for this :ContentLocation
was :workLocationPage
complete
true if the instance or item is complete
was :workComplete
true
source printery
Free-text expression of the source printery for the Instance.
Free-text expression of the source printery for the Work.
Should be converted to a reference to a Place resource
side
Starting side of the folio in a folio-based location.
2
was :workLocationSide
If :contentLocationByFolio true then side should be either "recto" or "verso" but will likely need to be normalized since there has not been validation in the editor of this field. Most locations are specified in terms of pages.
chgis id
The China Historical GIS identifier for the Place
2
Note that in the BDRC dataset, these are in fact invalid identifiers that conflict with other ones. The way to get the correct ID is to prefix the local name with "TBRC_", for instance "TBRC_G162".
year offset
This is the year offset for an Era in terms of the Common Era.
This is the year offset for an Era in terms of the Common Era and is established based on the definition of the Era for which this is the offset
monasteries per ecumen
The number of monasteries per ecumen in this Place (presumably a region) from data provided by Karl Ryavec
2
Karl Ryavec supplies the following information regarding this property:
Gonpa per ecumen would be how many temples are there per one sq km of land area minus water, bare rock, ice and so forth. Thus I totaled the ecumen areas of each township primarily in terms of the sq km of grassland and forests and farmland. Then because these areas per temple are so tiny I represented the final amounts on my map legend per 1000 sq km so that the numbers would be closer to 1.0 at times. For example there might only be .0000001 temples per sq km of ecumen. But if we convert to per 1000 sq km of ecumen we get .0001 temples which is a more understandable amount. Though I think most scholars are baffled by technology and so just understand the idea of core areas like the Lhasa valley compared the peripheral areas like the Changthang. So that's mainly what I focused on showing.
bibliographic note
A note regarding a bibliographic feature of the Instance
true
location ending volume name
Indicates the ending volume name of a Work location.
2
was :workLocationEndVolumeName
errata
Indicates a statement of error in the content
2
was :workErrata
number of volumes
This is the number of volumes associated with the original instance.
This is the number of volumes associated with the original instance. Typically this is for a published work. The value may differ from the "actual" number of volumes in an associated Item owing to missing volumes.
publisher name
The name of the publisher transcribed from the Work
deprecated in favor of :PublishedEvent
summary
Summary information about the Instance
on date
The event is known to have occurred during the year or date given, unless otherwise specified the date is reckoned in the Common Era
true
date of writing
deprecated in favor of :CompletedEvent.
end image number
The ending image number in the image group of the Work indicated by the other statements for this :ContentLocation
was :workLocationEndPage
bibliographic status statement
A bibliographic status statement in the language of the Instance
end line
The ending line on the ending page that is referenced
was :workLocationEndLine
edition statement
An Edition statement expresses information about this Instance as an edition.
location sequence number
sequence number of the work location in a list of locations
2
was :workLocationSeqNum
in the typical case when an instance is completely contained in a single volume then the only location will have seqnum 1; otherwise, there may be 2 or more additional locations specifying where the parts of a work occur
line
The line on the page that is referenced
was :workLocationLine
accuracy
The accuracy of the latitude and longitude
2
true
part label
A label that helps to highlight the organization of composite work
2
Use this property to reflect a label/name for a "synthetic" part of a work such as "Sutra Basket" or "Guhyagarbha Commentaries" that is not identified directly in a composite work such Kangyur or Kama but that helps to highlight the organization of composite work
nb. volumes
The number of volumes in the item
volume name
In some cases volumes of a :Work are given names. For example, in Tibetan a three volume work might have volumes named O, a, huM or a 10 volume work might have volumes named: ka, kha, ga, nga, ca, cha, ja, nya, ta, a.
volume number
The number of the volume in the Item. There is no implied order in RDF and there may be missing volumes so it is necessary to explicitly indicate the volume number.
true
images missing
A comma separated list of image indexes that are missing.
2
A comma separated list of image indexes that are missing. For example:
:imagesMissing "43,77-78,192'
This is a rare situation but needs to be handled.
restored alternative
Indicates an alternative restoration of the original PersonName or WorkTitle
2
The :restoredAlt property is used to add an alternative restoration of the original :PersonName or WorkTitle in the event that the name in the rdfs:label is a transliteration from another language (often Sanskrit).
For example in:
cbc:person_18 a :Person ;
:personName [
rdfs:label "阿地瞿多"@sa-Hant ;
:restored "Atikūṭa"@sa-x-iast ;
:restoredAtl "Atigupta"@sa-x-iast
] .
the rdfs:label is tagged as a Sanskrit transliteration in Tranditional Chinese, and the :restoredAlt is a reconstruction of the original Sanskrit encoded as IAST.
Such reconstructions are typically approximations to the original and there may be alternatives to the preferred form of the name or title in which case :restoredAlt literals may be recorded.
has fascicles
A list of fascicles contained in the physical instance of a Work
2
is volume
The Etext is the entire volume
contents
2
missing volumes
A comma separated list of numbers and ranges of missing volumes
A comma separated list of volume numbers and ranges of missing volumes for the Item. For example:
:itemMissingVolumes "3-4,11,17,81-88,101"
location volume name
refers to the volume by name, e.g., ca, ta, nga
2
was :workLocationVolumeName
country
map the country for a Library address
title
Title for the etext.
end phrase
A count of the ending phrase (in language specific units) of a Work location
2
was :workLocationEndPhrase
This should be a positive integer counting from the left side of the page tshegs and shads to the phrase (syllable) that is to be indicated by the location. This is optional and only makes sense if there is a :workLocationEndLine specified as well.
region
use for state in Library address
source note
A note about the origin of the Instance (form of a Work) that was digitized.
side box sequence id
An identifer, typically a Tibetan letter, indicating the position of the text in a sequence of texts.
An identifer, typically a Tibetan letter, indicating the position of the text in a sequence of texts. Conventionally appearing in a side box of the textbox. See bdr:W22080 for an example.
in volume
Indicates the volume in which the etext is found.
colophon
A transcription of the colophon of the Instance.
This was the description of type colophon which was used primarily (exclusively?) on <outline:node/>s. It is now part of the extended bibliographic model allowing to tag any sort of Work with a colophon
slice start char
2
location by folio
If true then the location is specified in terms of folio # and side: verso/recto
2
was :workLocationByFolio
extent statement
A statement of the extent of the Instance
was :workExtentStatement
MARC Country Code
two- or three-character lowercase alphabetic codes that designate countries and regions (such as states in the U.S.)
2
when
Indicates the time of the event
image count
A positive integer indicating the total number of images in the ImageGroup
2
number of copies
The number of copies of the Work in this holding
2
The number of copies of the :Work in this holding. Must be greater than zero.
physical description
A description of the physical appearance of a Volume of the Item.
A description of the physical appearance of a Volume of the Item. For example,
"No covers. Gilded leaves with vermilion band. Printed cotton wrapper with floral designs."@en
printery
Free text comment on where the copy of the Instance that was digitized was printed.
2
was :workPrintery
Free text comment on where the copy of the Work that was digitized was printed.
This is generally not the source printery of the original wood block prints that were later photocopied and digitized
volume
this should be a positive integer indicating the volume of the Work referenced in this Location
was :workLocationVolume
height
height or thickness of the physical item of a :Work in cm
was :workDimHeight
eText volume index
position of the eText in the volume that contains it
true
year in era
The year in era is relative to the yearOffset for the Era
2
If this property is present it indicates that digitized images of the volume are present in the archive.
region poly
The object of this property is an xsd:string representing a geoJSON Polygon or Mulit-Polygon. See http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html
2
not before
Indicates that the event is known to have not occurred prior to the year/date given, unless otherwise specified the year/date is reckoned in the Common Era
illustrations
Provides a string describing the presence of illustrations, portraits, color plates and so on.
is root resource
This Resource is a root Resource of a graph.
2
A
True if this resource is a root resource - Entity or AdminData. If not present on a Work, which may be a sub-part, it is assumed false
authorship statement
Authorship statement for the Instance.
end side
Indicates the ending side of the folio in a folio-based location.
2
was :workLocationEndSide
If :contentLocationByFolio true then end side should be either "recto" or "verso" but will likely need to be normalized since there has not been validation in the editor of this field. Most locations are specified in terms of pages.
scan info
Where and by whom the Work was scanned (or requested to be scanned)
was :workScanInfo
microfilm canister
indicates the id of the canister that the microfilm was stored in
2
FEMC Manuscript code
FEMC Manuscript Code
2
nb. pages of intro
May be used to indicate the number of introductory pages in a volume
nb. pages of TBRC intro
The number of digitized metadata pages added by TBRC (now BDRC). Originally this was 2 pages and more recently condensed to a single non-blank page however a second blank page 2 was included to simplify processing of volumes for display and so on. The intention being to capture some relevant metadata in along with the digitized images so that the volume is essentially standalone.
The area in square km of the Place from the World Bank 2010
2
true
number in series
True if this Work is part of a series. In which case it should have a :workSeriesNumber
2
this is not useful. It is sufficient that the Work be a SerialWork
source path
The source path, for an InputEtext.
2
The source path, for an InputEtext, is a relative to an unspecified file system root and identifies a file from which the Unicode eText was generated. This should be the original Tibet Doc, Sambhota Word or other input format.
For an OCR file this should refer to the file generated by the OCR process which contains information regarding character positioning and so on.
true
chapters contained
records the chapters of a larger Work contained in this Work
2
has instance number
the number of this work within a containing work
2
true
image list
The string value is formatted as a sequence of image-name:image-counts separated by the pipe, '|', character.
2
If this property is present it indicates that digitized images of the volume are present in the archive.
The string value is formatted as a sequence of image-name:image-counts separated by the pipe, '|', character. In the normal situations the image names are incremented by one to generate image-count names.
The typical case is a collection of tiffs:
:imageList "020640001.tif:463"
which represents images named:
020640001.tif, 020640002.tif, 020640003.tif, . . . 020640463.tif
Volumes that have some jpeg color material will appear like:
:imageList "I1KG9330001.tif:2|"I1KG9330003.jpg:561"
which encodes the first two TBRC metadata pages and the remainder as jpg images.
Sometimes there are volumes that are a mix of color and bitonal images, typical the front matter might be jpg and the remainder tif:
:imageList "I2PD44320001.tif:2|I2PD44320003.jpg:3|I2PD44320006.tif:606"
There are odd naming situations where a single name stands alone and the next name is explicitly indicated:
:imageList "1CZ7740001.tif:43|1CZ7740043a.tif|1CZ7740044.tif:472"
when a name standalone the ":1" can be dispensed with.
not after
Indicates that the event is known to have not occurred after to the year/date given, unless otherwise specified the year/date is reckoned in the Common Era
exception
Exception notes such a missing volume, damage to pages and so on
2
sequence number
A :seqNum may be a page number, line number or other id as appropriate to the use of the :EtextSlice or other contexts such as the sequence of eTexts in a Volume and so on.
phrase
A count of the starting phrase (in language specific units) of a Work location.
2
was :workLocationPhrase
This should be a positive integer counting from the left side of the page tshegs and shads to the phrase (syllable) that is to be indicated by the location. This is optional and only makes sense if there is a :workLocationLine specified as well.
width
width of the physical item, of this :Work, that is held or scanned in cm
was :workDimWidth
incipit
The opening words of the Work
restored
Indicates a restoration of the original PersonName or WorkTitle
2
The :restored property is used to add a restoration of the original :PersonName or WorkTitle in the event that the name in the rdfs:label is a transliteration from another language (often Sanskrit) and the original language name or title is not manifest in the material being cataloged so that the cataloger prepares a restoration.
For example in:
cbc:person_18 a :Person ;
:personName [
rdfs:label "阿地瞿多"@sa-Hant ;
:restored "Atikūṭa"@sa-x-iast
] .
the rdfs:label is tagged as a Sanskrit transliteration in Tranditional Chinese, and the :restored is a reconstruction of the original Sanskrit encoded as IAST.
Such reconstructions are typically approximations to the original and there will often be a primary or preferred form of the name or title in which case the :restored property should be used.
length
length of the physical item, of this :Work, that is held or scanned in cm
was :workDimLength
microfilm strip id
indicates the id of the film strip that contains the digitized content
2
part index
The part index is used to provide a simple way to order the parts of a parent Work.
2
The part index is used to provide a simple way to order the parts of a parent :Work. The direct children parts of a :Work are indexed from 1 to n. The direct children of each of these is similarly indexed from 1 to n.
Schematically:
W1
:workHasPart W1_0001, W1_0005 ;
W1_0001
:workHasPart W1_0002, W1_0003, W1_0004 ;
:workPartOf W1 ;
:workPartIndex 1 ;
W1_0002
:workPartOf W1_0001 ;
:workPartIndex 1 ;
W1_0003
:workPartOf W1_0001 ;
:workPartIndex 2 ;
W1_0004
:workPartOf W1_0001 ;
:workPartIndex 3 ;
W1_0005
:workHasPart W1_0006, W1_0007 ;
:workPartOf W1 ;
:workPartIndex 2 ;
W1_0006
:workPartOf W1_0005 ;
:workPartIndex 1 ;
W1_0007
:workPartOf W1_0005 ;
:workPartIndex 2 ;
shelf
Identifies where the holding is shelved. The shelf code is based on a library specific taxonomy
in year
The event is known to have occurred during the year given, unless otherwise specified the year is reckoned in the Common Era
dimensions
The physical dimensions of the instance
was :workDimensions => instanceDimensions
circa
true
deprecated in favor of :onDate, :onYear, :notBefore, and :notAfter
true
non actor
A non-Tibetan individual that has been included in the db because they are translators, or authors of some work of interest.
2
true
series content
does not appear to be used.
true
end volume
Indicates the ending volume number of a Content location.
was :workLocationEndVolume
this should be a positive integer indicating the ending volume (if different from the starting volume) of the Work referenced in this Location
nb. pages total
Total number of pages in the volume
2
date is approximate
set to true to indicate that the date information in an :Event or :Period is approximate or uncertain
2
BDRC holdings statement
A free-text statement of the holdings by BDRC of this Item (and its relatives).
2
parallels in
This work has some parallels in another work, meaning it displays intertextuality patterns.
has spouse
Indicates a Spouse of the Person
has unknown kinship with
Indicates a Person with an unknown kinship relation to the Person
has cousin
Indicates a Cousin of the Person
has sibling
Indicates a Sibling of the Person
kin with
true
Root property that expresses some kinship relation between the subject and object Persons.
is near
true
Indicates that this Place is near to another - typically because of some reference in a document. In other words, there is some textual reason for mentioning the nearness; otherwise, the metadata could be filled with gratuitous nearness assertions.
deprecated because not actually used in legacy data and not well defined
The World Bank 2000 population for the Place
2
longitude
The longitude of the place, using GPS coordinates (WGS84), formatted as decimal degrees
WB 2010 population
The World Bank 2010 population for the Place
2
latitude
The latitude of the place, using GPS coordinates (WGS84), formatted as decimal degrees
work link to
Indicates a member Instance of a VirtualInstance
2
Unspecified Chinese date
An unspecified Chinese date.
2
source
The source for the noteContent
note
Associates a Note containing: a comment, Work, and location in the Work.
the :note annotation adds language tagged string and optionally a reference to a Work and a simple text description of a location in a Work, e.g., "pp. 231-3".
In the XML db the notes are restricted to a limited set of items such as top-level resources and Outline Nodes, Place Events and so on. In this model there are no limitations on where notes can be attached. They can be attached directly to any owl:NamedIndividual or property. In particular one could add a note to the per:name property on an individual that provides evidence for the particular per:name assertion.
label
The rdfs:label is used in the BDRC ontology to provide a label in the :PersonName and :WorkTitle
hidden label
Used to represent a mispelling of a label that is otherwise intended to be retained in the dataset
ui abbr
used as labels for items such as canon catalog sigLas and date eras. The value is a string such as "T %s"or "%s C.E."
2
lithography
close match
Use when entities are different but similar enough to be conflated for the casual user.
preferred label
The preferred human-readable label for a resource. For a Work this is typically the bibliographic title and will be repeated in a WorkTitle, similarly for Persons
same as
true
location statement (in the Chinese Buddhist Canon)
Indicates a location in the Chinese Buddhist Canon.
Use this to indicate a location in the Chinese Buddhist Canon using the usual reference system. For instance:
T52n2103_p0264c18
means:
Taisho, Volume 52, Text 2103, page 264, register c, line 18
(line counting start at 1 and goes from right to left)
legacy outline node rid
the tbrc legacy outline node rid used to route legacy outline URL references
2
text
text of the note
see also
Comment
As a convention in the BDRC ontology, use rdfs:comment for summary and contents statements about a resource rather than adding additional properties.
We take the view that the summary or contents statements can be treated in a manner similar to the use of rdfs:label as a way of providing a short description of a resource
variant label
A variant label for entities such as :Place, :Corporation and so on
note type
A string indicating a kind of Note. Used only w FEMC taxonomy notes