2021-07-13T08:25:41Z
Allotrope Foundation Ontology MERGED and INFERRED (REC/2021/06)
2021-07-13T08:25:41Z
REC/2021/06
has predicate
A reference to an object or datatype property. [Allotrope]
has property
A relation to a class of individuals. [Allotrope]
has class
Property is a note about a proposed logical expression in order to describe the term as defined class. [Allotrope]
is equivalent to
Property is a note about a proposed expression of a restriction that the term should be a subclass of. [Allotrope]
has proposed restriction
Property specifies level of granularity the term mainly belongs to. [Allotrope]
has granularity
Property tracks terms that have been aligned with BFO during development. [Allotrope]
is aligned with BFO
Is defined class flags a resource as being a class that can be defined by necessary and sufficient conditions. [Allotrope]
is defined class
An annotation predicate used to identify entity replacement by a role. [Allotrope]
is replaced by role
Has close match establishes a connection between two resources that have a high degree of agreement in meaning such that they can be used interchangeably. [Allotrope]
Property is related to skos:closeMatch. Skos:closeMatch is an object property whereas this property is an annotation property to allow for weak semantic coupling. [Allotrope]
has close match
Has exact match establishes a connection between two resources that have completely same meaning such that they can be used interchangeably. [Allotrope]
Property is related to skos:exactMatch. Skos:exactMatch is an object property whereas this property is an annotation property to allow for weak semantic coupling. [Allotrope]
has exact match
Has related establishes a connection between two resources that have an associative relationship. [Allotrope]
Property is related to skos:related. Skos:related is an object property whereas this property is an annotation property to allow for weak semantic coupling. [Allotrope]
has related
Reference that maps a class to a perspective. [Allotrope]
has perspective
Is universal class flags a resource as being a primitive class that stands on its own. [Allotrope]
is universal class
Has coordination annotates a class with some defining differentia. [Allotrope]
has coordination
design pattern
has pattern
pattern
Has design pattern annotates a resource with a reference to a design pattern. [Allotrope]
has design pattern
2020-12-15 Property has been added in order to replace pav:importedFrom. The difference between af-x:AFX_0002865 and pav:importedFrom is that the former is an annotation property whereas the latter is an object property. We added a new property in order to avoid issues of redeclaration of pav:importedFrom as annotation property. [OSTHUS]
The original source of imported information. [PAV]
imported from
Derived from a different resource. [PAV]
2020-12-15 Property has been added in order to replace pav:derivedFrom. The difference between af-x:AFX_0002866 and pav:derivedFrom is that the former is an annotation property whereas the latter is an object property. We added a new property in order to avoid issues of redeclaration of pav:derivedFrom as annotation property. [OSTHUS]
derived from
Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
Really of interest to developers only
BFO OWL specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Really of interest to developers only
BFO CLIF specification label
example of usage
definition
editor note
term editor
alternative term
definition source
curator note
imported from
elucidation
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label
abstract
access rights
alternative
available
bibliographic citation
conforms to
contributor
coverage
created
creator
date
date accepted
date copyrighted
date submitted
description
extend
format
has format
has part
has version
identifier
is format of
is part of
is referenced by
is replaced by
is required by
is version of
issued
language
license
medium
modified
publisher
references
relation
replaces
requires
rights
rights holder
source
spatial
subject
table of contents
temporal
title
type
valid
The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties.
alternative label
An alternative lexical label for a resource.
Acronyms, abbreviations, spelling variants, and irregular plural/singular forms may be included among the alternative labels for a concept. Mis-spelled terms are normally included as hidden labels (see skos:hiddenLabel).
change note
A note about a modification to a concept.
definition
A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept.
editorial note
A note for an editor, translator or maintainer of the vocabulary.
example
An example of the use of a concept.
The range of skos:hiddenLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties.
hidden label
A lexical label for a resource that should be hidden when generating visual displays of the resource, but should still be accessible to free text search operations.
history note
A note about the past state/use/meaning of a concept.
note
A general note, for any purpose.
This property may be used directly, or as a super-property for more specific note types.
A resource has no more than one value of skos:prefLabel per language tag, and no more than one value of skos:prefLabel without language tag.
The range of skos:prefLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise
disjoint properties.
preferred label
The preferred lexical label for a resource, in a given language.
scope note
A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept.
duration
time
Time is a measure in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future, and also the measure of durations of events and the intervals between them. [Wikipedia]
has duration
step size
The difference between two discrete points next to each other in a range of discrete values. [Allotrope]
A device property can be set between a minimum and maximum value but only in steps of the increment value.
Step size of sweeping over 2Theta, unit °
increment
applies
uses
2020-11-12 Added alternative label and changed definition. [Allotrope]
A planned process selects a participant if the participant is chosen to influence the process towards some objective but is itself not essentially changed by a process. [Allotrope]
For the process of titration a pH meter is used as well as a sample and a standard solution. [Allotrope]
selects
This relation indicates that the subject is a more concrete instance of the object. [Allotrope]
refines
The lowest value of a range or a set of values. [Allotrope]
minimum
Highest value of a range. [Allotrope]
maximum
is output of
Relates an output entity such as a material or information object with a process that exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope]
output of
is input of
Relates an input entity such a material entity or information object with a process that exists at the start of the process. [Allotrope]
input of
A condition that restricts an entity. [Allotrope]
is condition for
component
has component
ingredient
An ingredient is a material that enters into a compound or is part of any combination or mixture. [Allotrope]
has ingredient
shape
Inverse of SHACL targets e.g. sh:targetClass or sh:targetNode. [Allotrope]
has shape
in context
in scope
in situation
scope
A scope defines a situation or context in which a dependent entity such as a condition or contextual role occurs or is valid. [Allotrope]
has scope
2020-06-08 Removed super property functionally related to. [Allotrope]
Relates a process with a continuant that participates in the process and exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope]
has output
2020-06-08 Removed super property functionally related to. [Allotrope]
Relates a process with a continuant that participates in the process and exists at the start of the process. [Allotrope]
has input
An entity has a condition that restricts the entity in some way. [Allotrope]
has condition
Relates a process with an information object that participates in a process and exists the start of the process. [Allotrope]
has data input
Relates a process with an information object that participates in the process and exists the end of the process. [Allotrope]
has data output
The material that is output of the process. [Allotrope]
has material output
item
member
This property links a collection to a member item. [Allotrope]
has item
is data input of
Inverse of 'has data input'. [Allotrope]
data input of
is material input of
Inverse of 'has material input'. [Allotrope]
material input of
The highest value of a range excluding the boundary value. [Allotrope]
maximum exclusive
The highest value of a range including the boundary value. [Allotrope]
maximum inclusive
The lowest value of a range or set of values excluding the boundary value. [Allotrope]
minimum exclusive
The lowest value of a range or set of values including the boundary value. [Allotrope]
minimum inclusive
Refers to the material entity that is an input of a process. [Allotrope]
has material input
has protocol
log
protocol
The relation between a process and its log. A log is a steadily updated information object containing data of events in time such as process executions. [Allotrope]
log files, auto export file of cell counter devices
has log
is component of
A physical object that is a component that is a physical part of another physical object that is a system. [Allotrope]
part of relation in the system perspective
component of
consists of
has material
The property specifies of which kind of general portion of material something is built of. [Allotrope]
a weighing pan that is composed of platinum [Allotrope]
composed of
has physical part
A physical object that forms a system that has as part a physical entity that is one of its components. [Allotrope]
has part relation in the system perspective
has component
Relation between a system and a component of it that has the role of a port in the system though which material, energy or information flows in or out of the system. [Allotrope]
has port
capability
The relation of an entity to a description of it which refers to the qualification of an entity to perform a certain function. [Allotrope]
a part of a data sheet
has capability
The relation between a container and its physical content. A material entity a contains a material entity b if b is located in some cavity of a. [Allotrope]
contains
Inverse of contains. [Allotrope]
contained in
classification
classified by
A classification is a kind of categorization in order to differentiate between different classes of objects. [Allotrope]
has classification
attached to source
has source
A system that is attached to another system by an ingoing port. [Allotrope]
connected to source
attached to destination
has destination
A system that is attached to another system by an outgoing port. [Allotrope]
connected to destination
reference
reference object
Reference object relates an entity A to some entity B that is taken as a reference for A in a certain context. [Allotrope]
reference for comparison
reference object
reference process
has reference
The relation between a proposition about of a portion of reality and a process asserting that the process is described truthfully by the description. [Allotrope]
satisfies
The relation between a function with an objective and another function that when realized acts as a proxy to achieve the objective of the first. [Allotrope]
by way of
A relation between a process profile and a changing determinable quality of some participant of the process of the profile. [Allotrope]
An profile of the absorption in a chromatography is quality process profile of the quality absorption of some participating material. [Allotrope]
The relation is usually used with punning of the quality.
tracks quality
has quantity value
Relation of something that is quantified by some quantity value which expresses it relative to some other thing. [Allotrope]
The duration of a process expressed as 60 sec expresses it in quantitative relation to the duration of some second defining process specified in the SI systems of units.
quantified by
The relation between a quality and a process profile in which the quality is changing. [Allotrope]
quality tracked by
Relation of some process that is quantified by some quantity value which expresses its duration relative to other process or a temporal aggregation function on the quantification of a quality of some participant over this duration. [Allotrope]
The process of injection has a material flow profile of the injected material that is quantified by the volume of 1 mL/sec.
process quantified by
The quantity value that is the result of averaging a quality of some participant of the process over the duration of the process or the quantification of the participant's quality at the temporal granularity of the duration of the process. [Allotrope]
profile mean quantified by
The temporal maximum quantified by is the maximum of the quantification of some quality of a participant that occurred during the process. [Allotrope]
profile maximum quantified by
The temporal minimum quantified by is the minimum of the quantification of some quality of a participant that occurred during the process. [Allotrope]
profile minimum quantified by
Quantification of some determinate quality which expresses it relative to some other (known) determinate quality. [Allotrope]
A portion of water has some determinate temperature quality that is quantified by the quantity value of 15° C.
quality quantified by
Relation to a data item that describes the boundaries of possible or existing qualities, process profiles or process durations that can be ordered. [Allotrope]
has range
description of
Describes is a property of an entity which has the ability to indicate or denote certain characteristics in another entity. [Allotrope]
describes
The relation of a process profile of some changing quality to a process. [Allotrope]
A pressure profile in chromatography. [Allotrope]
quality profile of
Specifies is a relation between a specification and the object specified. [Allotrope]
specifies
identified by
identifier
is identified by
The relation of an entity to an identifier that denotes it. [Allotrope]
has identifier
The relation of an identifier to the entity it denotes. [Allotrope]
identifies
Occurrent quantified by relates an occurrent entity with an information content entity that is a quantification of the occurrent (duration, rate). [Allotrope]
occurrent quantified by
in collection
is item in
member of
2017-11-16 Changed pref label [OSTHUS]
2018-07-23 Change hierarchy, subproperty of member of [Allotrope]
In collection relates an item to a collection entity. [Allotrope]
item of
influenced by
Inverse of quality influences. [Allotrope]
quality influenced by
influences
Holds between qualities a and b such that if a process changes the quality to some other instance a' then for some a' it is necessary that b changes to another instance b'. [Allotrope]
volume influences density
quality influences
Holds between qualities a and b such that if a process changes the quality to some other instance a' != a then for all a' it is necessary that b changes to another instance b' != b. [Allotrope]
quality strongly influences
strongly influenced by
Inverse of quality strongly influences. [Allotrope]
quality strongly influenced by
is contextual role of
Inverse of has contextual role. [Allotrope]
contextual role of
W. Ceusters, P. Elkin, B. Smith Referent Tracking: The Problem of Negative Findings 2006
Property describing the absence of a particular in relation to another particular depending on its spatio-temporal existence. [Allotrope]
if punning to a universal class: A particular is not the instance of a given class at some given time. A particular is not related in a specific way to any instance of a universal at some given time.
lacks
concretized as
facet concretized as
facet represented as
implemented as
represented as
The relation between the abstract facet and a specific information that represents the facet. [Allotrope]
a label facet can be implemented as a barcode or written text
This relation is intended to bridge between different perspectives on the taxonomy of information content entities.
facet implemented as
The relation between an information object and its contextual role. [Allotrope]
has contextual role
has contextual role in process
The relation between a conceptual role and the process where the contextual role is realized. [Allotrope]
in process
is data output of
Inverse of 'has data output'. [Allotrope]
data output of
is material output of
Inverse of 'has material output'. [Allotrope]
material output of
has content
The relation between a representation and its content independent of form. [Allotrope]
has proposition
The relation between the information and the way it is represented. [Allotrope]
has representation form
Has effort component relates an energy with its quality of effort. [Allotrope]
has effort component
Has flow component relates an energy with its quality of flow. [Allotrope]
has flow component
An information content entity has information derived from some other information content entity, if there is a data processing that transforms the other into it, either transforming the representational form or the content. [Allotrope]
has information derived from
2018-10-24 Moved to relation ontology. [Allotrope]
P has direct input c if and only if c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p, c is present at the end of p. [Allotrope]
affects
P has output c if and only if c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and c is not present at the end of p. [Allotrope]
An experimental step consumes a sample. [Allotrope]
consumes
has focus
2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A planned process targets a continuant if the continuant is a participant in the process and it in important part of towards the main objective of the process' plan. [Allotrope]
A hardness test targets the hardness quality. [Allotrope]
targets
Has proper part is an antisymmetric, irreflexive (normally transitive) relation between a whole and a distinct part. [SIO]
An atom has subatomic particles as its proper parts.
has proper part
is facet of
Facet of relates two information content entities where one information content entity is an aspect of the other one. [Allotrope]
facet of
has code
2020-12-01 Add alt label. [Allotrope]
Has categorical value is a facet that relates an information content entity to a code that describes a category for classification. [Allotrope]
has categorical value
described by
description
is described by
Has description relates an entity to an information content entity that is its description. [Allotrope]
has description
Relation between an information content entity and some part of it called a facet that is covers some general aspect of information context. [Allotrope]
a timestamp
a title
an ordering
has facet
specification
specified by
Has specification relates an entity to an information content entity that is its specification. [Allotrope]
has specification
The relation between a classification and something that is grouped by the classification. [Allotrope]
classifies
concretizes
concretizes facet
implements
represents
represents facet
2018-08-29 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
Inverse of facet concretized as. [Allotrope]
implements facet
The relation of an information object to an entity that gives some indication of magnitude of a quality, information facet or process. [Allotrope]
quantifies
is index of
The relation between an index and the entity in an aggregate or list it denotes. [Allotrope]
index of
The relation between an object and an index that denotes the object within an aggregate the object is member of. [Allotrope]
has index
The relation between a proxy entity and a target entity where the target entity is a real participant in some process or the subject of an information content entity but is not referenced directly, but instead the proxy is used as a surrogate or representation for it. [Allotrope]
A measurement of a quality to indirectly measure another quality.
An object aggregate as a proxy for a collection.
proxy for
The relation an entity and an associated SKOS concept. [Allotrope]
The relation is intended to relate a classifying datum with a SKOS concept, but there might be other uses. [Allotrope]
has concept
A core relation that holds between a whole and a proper part without an intermediate part at a level of granularity. [Allotrope]
has direct part
before
has follower
has successor
leading
preceeds
prior
2020-06-22 Added alt labels, subclassed under 'related by order'. [Allotrope]
Is followed by is a relation between entities that are items in an ordered sequence. For each pair of entities P, S being a member of the sequence, there exists an ordering function o so that o(P) < o(S). Iff o(P) < o(S) then P is followed by S. [Allotrope]
is followed by
after
has predecessor
post
succeeds
trailing
2020-06-22 Added alt labels, subclassed under 'related by order'. [Allotrope]
Follows is a relation between entities that are items in an ordered sequence. For each pair of entities P, S being a member of the sequence, there exists an ordering function o so that o(P) < o(S). Iff o(S) > o(P) the S follows P. [Allotrope]
follows
has next
next
Is immediately followed by is a relation between entities that are items in an ordered sequence. For each pair of entities P, S being a member of the sequence, there exists an ordering function o so that o(P) < o(S). Iff for members P, S of the sequence, there is no member I that o(P) < o(I) < o(S), then P is immediately followed by S. [Allotrope]
is immediately followed by
has previous
previous
Immediately follows is a relation between entities that are items in an ordered sequence. For each pair of entities P, S being a member of the sequence, there exists an ordering function o so that o(P) < o(S). Iff for members P, S of the sequence, there is no member I that o(S) > o(I) > o(P), then S follows P. [Allotrope]
immediately follows
Relation of is a relation of a relational entity to the referred entities. [Allotrope]
A ratio quality is relation of two qualities of the same kind, whose magnitude is a ratio value.
A sum datum is relation of its summands.
This predicate is often used with punning, to avoid pre-coordination of ratios or differences.
A af-q:ratio 'af-x:relation of' pato:mass is a mass ratio quality.
relation of
Relates to is a relation between a directed relational entity to the target of the relation. [Allotrope]
A ratio relates to the denominator.
relates to
Relates from is a relation between a directed relational entity to the source of the relation. [Allotrope]
A ratio relates from the numerator.
relates from
The relation between a definition and the entity that is defined by it. [Allotrope]
defines
defined by
is defined by
Has definition relates an entity to an information content entity that is its definition. [Allotrope]
has definition
is ingredient of
Inverse of has ingredient. [Allotrope]
ingredient of
is proper part of
Inverse of has proper part. [Allotrope]
proper part of
is direct part of
Inverse of has direct part. [Allotrope]
direct part of
A process observing process p observes a process q if p produces information about the process q, such as the duration, or about some independent continuant participating in q in an important active or passive role. [Allotrope]
observes
conforms to
follows
An entity applies a specification or mathematical function, if the specification specifies the entity and the entity conforms or follows the specification. [Allotrope]
applies
meets
A relation between a realizable entity and a requirement, that states that the process or process boundary that realizes it, satisfies all conditions of the requirement. [Allotrope]
fulfills
is protocol of
log of
protocol of
The relation between a log and the process the log is describing. [Allotrope]
is log of
capability of
The relation between a capability proposition and the subject it is about. [Allotrope]
is capability of
A relation between entities that are ordered into a list. [Allotrope]
related by order to
is focus of
is target of
A continuant is target of a planned process if the continuant is a participant in the process and it in important part of towards the main objective of the process' plan. [Allotrope]
target of
applied in
used in
A continuant is selected or used in planned process if the participant is chosen to influence the process towards some objective but is itself not essentially changed by a process. [Allotrope]
selected in
part of
has part
realized in
realizes
is preceded by
X is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y if and only if ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. [RO]
preceded by
X precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y if and only if ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. [RO]
precedes
unfolds in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [RO]
occurs in
site of
inverse of occurs in
contains process
occupies spatial region
occupies spatial region at some time
b located at r means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located. [BFO]
located at
b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. [BFO]
exists at
b has occurrent part c =Def. b has part c & b and c are occurrents.
has occurrent part
B has_proper_occurrent_part c =Def. b has_occurrent_part c & b and c are not identical. [BFO]
has proper occurrent part
has profile
p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. [BFO]
occupies spatiotemporal region
b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. [BFO]
part of occurrent
process profile of
B proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. [BFO]
proper part of occurrent
B temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). [BFO]
The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life. [BFO]
The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game. [BFO]
The process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life. [BFO]
The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating. [BFO]
temporal part of
inverse of exists at [BFO]
during which exists
b history_of c if c is a material entity or site and b is a history that is the unique history of c
history of
inverse of history of
has history
This document is about information artifacts and their representations. [IAO]
is about
Denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically [IAO]
A person's name denotes the person. [IAO]
A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. [IAO]
Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named. [IAO]
denotes
is proxy for
A relation between continuant instances c1 and c2 where within a protocol application, measurement of c1 is related to a what would be the measurement of c2. [OBI]
Florescent intensity is proxy for amount of protein labeled with GFP [OBI]
position on a gel is proxy for mass and charge of molecule in an western blot [OBI]
proxy for
The relation of the cells in the finger of the skin to the finger, in which an indeterminate number of grains are parts of the whole by virtue of being grains in a collective that is part of the whole, and in which removing one granular part does not nec- essarily damage or diminish the whole. Ontological Whether there is a fixed, or nearly fixed number of parts - e.g. fingers of the hand, chambers of the heart, or wheels of a car - such that there can be a notion of a single one being missing, or whether, by contrast, the number of parts is indeterminate - e.g., cells in the skin of the hand, red cells in blood, or rubber molecules in the tread of the tire of the wheel of the car. [OBI]
has grain
A relation between granular parts and the whole of which they are a part. Granular parts have indeterminate number such that removing one granular part does not necessarily damage or diminish the whole. [OBI]
is grain of
inheres in
is bearer of
A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO]
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. [RO]
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
bearer of
is participant of
A relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process [RO]
participates in
A relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process [RO]
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
has participant
is concretized as
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. [RO]
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). [RO]
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). [RO]
concretized by
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. [RO]
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
concretizes
is function of
A relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO]
function of
Inverse of has quality [RO]
quality of
is role of
A relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO]
role of
A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO]
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. [RO]
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
has function
A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence. [RO]
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. [RO]
this apple has quality this red color
has quality
A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence [RO]
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. [RO]
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) [RO]
has role
A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence, [RO]
has disposition
Inverse of has disposition [RO]
disposition of
A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity. [RO]
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
derives from
A relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity. [RO]
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. [RO]
derives into
is location of
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location [RO]
this cage is the location of this rat
location of
A relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location. [RO]
located in
boundary of
is 2D boundary of
is boundary of
a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity [RO]
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. [RO]
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. [RO]
the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
2D boundary of
a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity [RO]
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. [RO]
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. [RO]
has 2D boundary
A part of relation that applies only between occurrents. [RO]
occurrent part of
Primitive instance level timing relation between events [RO]
before or simultaneous with
t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) [RO]
simultaneous with
t1 before t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simulataneous_with t2 and not (t1 simultaneous_with t2) [RO]
before
during which ends
encompasses
X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) [RO]
ends after
starts at end of
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) [RO]
immediately preceded by
during which starts
starts before
ends at start of
meets
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) [RO]
immediately precedes
X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) [RO]
starts during
during
X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) [RO]
happens during
X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). [RO]
ends during
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y [RO]
overlaps
X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. [RO]
continuous with
A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common [RO]
Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy [RO]
spatially disjoint from
a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b [RO]
connected to
C connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. [IAO]
connects
A is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. [IAO]
attached to part of
W 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. [RO]
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. [RO]
has component
Process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. [RO]
regulates
Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. [RO]
negatively regulates (process to process)
Process(P1) positively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. [RO]
positively regulates (process to process)
has function realized in
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. [RO]
this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)
mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception [RO]
capable of
has function in
C stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. [RO]
capable of part of
agent in
X actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role [RO]
actively participates in
has agent
X has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y [RO]
has active participant
X surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x [RO]
surrounded by
X adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. [RO]
A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.
The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis.
The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies.
The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used.
adjacent to
Inverse of surrounded by [RO]
surrounds
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. [RO]
temporally related to
Inverse of starts with [RO]
starts
X starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) and ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. [RO]
starts with
Inverse of ends with [RO]
ends
X ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) and ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. [RO]
ends with
C involved in regulation of p if c enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of p [RO]
acts upstream of
C acts upstream of or within p if c is enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of or within p [RO]
acts upstream of or within
causally upstream of, positive effect
holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y [RO]
causally upstream of, negative effect
Q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. [RO]
inheres in part of
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship [RO]
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships [RO]
mereotopologically related to
if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p [RO]
contributes to
catalyzes
executes
This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. [RO]
a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity [RO]
enables
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function. [RO]
functionally related to
actively involved in
enables part of
C involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p [RO]
involved in
regulates levels of
P regulates levels of c if p regulates some amount (PATO:0000070) of c [RO]
every cellular sphingolipid homeostasis process regulates_level_of some sphingolipid
regulates levels of (process to entity)
inverse of enables [RO]
enabled by
regulated by
Inverse of negatively regulates [RO]
negatively regulated by
Inverse of positively regulates [RO]
positively regulated by
A relationship that holds via some process of localization. [RO]
related via localization to
This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination. [RO]
has target start location
This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l. [RO]
has target end location
Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l. [RO]
results in transport along
Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m. [RO]
results in transport across
'mitochondrial transport' results_in_transport_to_from_or_in some mitochondrion (GO:0005739)
results in transport to from or in
member part of
Inverse of has member
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms. [RO]
member of
Has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. [RO]
has member
A is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a. [IAO]
attached to
X spatially_coextensive_with y if and only if x and y have the same location [RO]
A lump of clay and a statue
spatially coextensive with
inverse of upstream of [RO]
causally downstream of
inverse of immediately causally upstream of
immediately causally downstream of
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. [IAO]
This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes. [IAO]
causally related to
P is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain [RO]
causally upstream of
P is immediately causally upstream of q if and only if both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. [RO]
immediately causally upstream of
affects
P 'causally upstream or within' q if and only if (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. [RO]
causally upstream of or within
causally downstream of or within
C involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some 'p' and p' regulates some p [RO]
involved in regulation of
involved in positive regulation of
involved in negative regulation of
involved in or regulates
C involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p [RO]
involved in or involved in regulation of
pairwise interacts with
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. [RO]
This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. [RO]
interacts with
relation used for defining interaction relations. An interaction relation holds when there is an interaction event with two partners. In a directional interaction, one partner is deemed the subject, the other the target [RO]
partner in
subject in
relation used for defining interaction relations; the meaning of s 'subject participant in' p is determined by the type of p, where p must be a directional interaction process. [RO]
in a predator-prey interaction process the subject is the predator
subject participant in
target in
Relation used for defining interaction relations; the meaning of s 'target participant in' p is determined by the type of p, where p must be a directional interaction process [RO]
in a predator-prey interaction process the target is the prey
target participant in
causal agent in
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process. [RO]
causal agent in process
P is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. [RO]
causal relation between processes
Being determined, based or contingent on something. [Allotrope]
depends on
Q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 [RO]
This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C. [RO]
towards
has intermediate product
P has intermediate c if and only if p has parts p1, p2 and p1 has output c, and p2 has input c [RO]
has intermediate
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. [RO]
causal relation between material entities
determined by
S determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. [RO]
determined by (system to material entity)
determines
determines (material entity to system)
S 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. [RO]
determined by part of
A relation that holds between two entities that have the property of being sequences or having sequences. [RO]
sequentially related to
x is sequentially adjacent to y if and only if x and y do not overlap and if there are no base units intervening between x and y [RO]
sequentially adjacent to
started by
x has start sequence y if the start of x is identical to the start of y, and x has y as a subsequence [RO]
has start sequence
starts
inverse of has start sequence [RO]
is start sequence of
ended by
x has end sequence y if the end of x is identical to the end of y, and x has y as a subsequence [RO]
has end sequence
ends
inverse of has end sequence [RO]
is end sequence of
x bounds the sequence of y if and only if the upstream-most part of x is upstream of or coincident with the upstream-most part of y, and the downstream-most part of x is downstream of or coincident with the downstream-most part of y [RO]
bounds sequence of
inverse of bounds sequence of [RO]
is bound by sequence of
contains
x has subsequence y if and only if all of the sequence parts of x are sequence parts of y [RO]
has subsequence
contained by
inverse of has subsequence [RO]
is subsequence of
x overlaps the sequence of x if and only if x has a subsequence z and z is a subsequence of y. [RO]
overlaps sequence of
disconnected from
x does not overlaps the sequence of x if and only if there is no z such that x has a subsequence z and z is a subsequence of y. [RO]
does not overlap sequence of
inverse of downstream sequence of [RO]
is upstream sequence of
x is downstream of the sequence of y if and only if either (1) x and y have sequence units, and all units of x are downstream of all units of y, or (2) x and y are sequence units, and x is either immediately downstream of y, or transitively downstream of y. [RO]
is downstream of sequence of
x is immediately downstream of the sequence of y if and only if either (1) x and y have sequence units, and all units of x are downstream of all units of y, and x is sequentially adjacent to y, or (2) x and y are sequence units, in which case the immediately downstream relation is primitive and defined by context: for DNA bases, y would be adjacent and 5' to y [RO]
is immediately downstream of sequence of
inverse of immediately downstream of [RO]
is immediately upstream sequence of
causally influenced by
causally influenced by (material entity to material entity)
causally influences
Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b [RO]
causally influences (material entity to material entity)
X is a conduit for y if and only if y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x. [RO]
This relation holds between a thing with a 'conduit' (e.g. a bone foramen) and a 'conduee' (for example, a nerve) such that at the time the relationship holds, the conduee has two ends sticking out either end of the conduit. It should therefore note be used for objects that move through the conduit but whose spatial extent does not span the passage. For example, it would not be used for a mountain that contains a long tunnel through which trains pass. Nor would we use it for a digestive tract and objects such as food that pass through. [RO]
conduit for
S 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p [RO]
has part structure that is capable of
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. [RO]
causal relation between material entity and a process
C is marker for d if and only if the presence or occurrence of d is correlated with the presence of occurrence of c, and the observation of c is used to infer the presence or occurrence of d. Note that this does not imply that c and d are in a direct causal relationship, as it may be the case that there is a third entity e that stands in a direct causal relationship with c and d. [RO]
is marker for
A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. [RO]
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. [IAO]
related via dependence to
A relationship that holds between two entities, where the entities exhibit a statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. [RO]
Groups both positive and negative correlation
correlated with
a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. [RO]
Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue [RO]
chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix
hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent
produces
inverse of produces
produced by
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal or contributing role that influences the condition. [RO]
causes or contributes to condition
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal role for the condition. [RO]
causes condition
A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some contributing role that influences the condition. [RO]
contributes to condition
This property relates a unit of measure with a unit system that does not define the unit, but allows its use within the system. An allowed unit must be convertible to some dimensionally eqiuvalent unit that is defined by the system.
allowed unit of system
This property relates a unit of measure with a unit system that does not define the unit, but allows its use within the system. An allowed unit must be convertible to some dimensionally eqiuvalent unit that is defined by the system.
allowed unit of system
This property associates a system of quantities with an enumeration that enumerates the base dimensions of the system in canonical order.
base dimension enumeration
This property associates a system of quantities with an enumeration that enumerates the base dimensions of the system in canonical order.
base dimension enumeration
base quantity kind of system
base quantity kind of system
This property relates a unit of measure to the system of units in which it is defined as a base unit for the system. The base units of a system are used to define the derived units of the system by expressing the derived units as products of the base units raised to a rational power.
base unit of system
This property relates a unit of measure to the system of units in which it is defined as a base unit for the system. The base units of a system are used to define the derived units of the system by expressing the derived units as products of the base units raised to a rational power.
base unit of system
basis element
basis element
has basis element
This property relates a unit of measure to the unit system in which the unit is derived from the system's base units with a proportionality constant of one.
derived unit of system
derived unit of system
This property relates a unit of measure to the unit system in which the unit is derived from the system's base units with a proportionality constant of one.
has derived unit of system
A system of units is coherent with respect to a system of quantities and equations if the system of units is chosen in such a way that the equations between numerical values have exactly the same form (including the numerical factors) as the corresponding equations between the quantities. In such a coherent system, no numerical factor other than the number 1 ever occurs in the expressions for the derived units in terms of the base units.
coherent unit system
coherent unit system
A system of units is coherent with respect to a system of quantities and equations if the system of units is chosen in such a way that the equations between numerical values have exactly the same form (including the numerical factors) as the corresponding equations between the quantities. In such a coherent system, no numerical factor other than the number 1 ever occurs in the expressions for the derived units in terms of the base units.
has coherent unit system
The default element in an enumeration
default
default
The default element in an enumeration
has default
This property relates a unit of measure with the unit system that defines the unit.
defined unit of system
defined unit of system
This property relates a unit of measure with the unit system that defines the unit.
has defined unit of system
derived quantity kind of system
derived quantity kind of system
This property relates a unit of measure to the system of units in which it is defined as a derived unit. That is, the derived unit is defined as a product of the base units for the system raised to some rational power.
derived unit of system
This property relates a unit of measure to the system of units in which it is defined as a derived unit. That is, the derived unit is defined as a product of the base units for the system raised to some rational power.
derived unit of system
dimension inverse
dimension inverse
dimension inverse
has dimension inverse
dimension vector
dimension vector
has dimension vector
An element of an enumeration
element
element
An element of an enumeration
has element
element kind
element kind
has element kind
exact match
exact match
This property relates a quantity kind to its generalization. A quantity kind, PARENT, is a generalization of the quantity kind CHILD only if
1. PARENT and CHILD have the same dimensions in every system of quantities;
2. Every unit that is a measure of quantities of kind CHILD is also a valid measure of quantities of kind PARENT.
generalization
generalization
This property relates a quantity kind to its generalization. A quantity kind, PARENT, is a generalization of the quantity kind CHILD only if
1. PARENT and CHILD have the same dimensions in every system of quantities;
2. Every unit that is a measure of quantities of kind CHILD is also a valid measure of quantities of kind PARENT.
has generalization
a property to relate an observable thing with a quantity (qudt:Quantity)
quantity
quantity
a property to relate an observable thing with a quantity (qudt:Quantity)
has quantity
quantity kind
quantity kind
has quantity kind
quantity kind of system
inverse of system quantity kind
quantity kind of system
quantity value
quantity value
inverse of value quantity
has quantity value
reference quantity
reference quantity
has reference quantity
reference thing
reference thing
has reference thing
reference unit
reference unit
has reference unit
This property relates a quantity kind to its specialization(s). For example, linear velocity and angular velocity are both specializations of velocity.
specialization
specialization
This property relates a quantity kind to its specialization(s). For example, linear velocity and angular velocity are both specializations of velocity.
has specialization
system base quantity kind
system base quantity kind
has system base quantity kind
This property relates a system of units to a base unit defined within the system. The base units of a system are used to define the derived units of the system by expressing the derived units as products of the base units raised to a rational power.
base unit
base unit
This property relates a system of units to a base unit defined within the system. The base units of a system are used to define the derived units of the system by expressing the derived units as products of the base units raised to a rational power.
has base unit
coherent derived unit
coherent derived unit
has coherent derived unit
This property relates a unit system with a unit of measure that is defined by the system.
defined unit
defined unit
This property relates a unit system with a unit of measure that is defined by the system.
has defined unit
system derived quantity kind
system derived quantity kind
has system derived quantity kind
This property relates a system of units to a unit of measure that is defined within the system in terms of the base units for the system. That is, the derived unit is defined as a product of the base units for the system raised to some rational power.
derived unit
derived unit
This property relates a system of units to a unit of measure that is defined within the system in terms of the base units for the system. That is, the derived unit is defined as a product of the base units for the system raised to some rational power.
has derived unit
system dimension
system dimension
has system dimension
system quantity kind
system quantity kind
has system quantity kind
This property relates a system of units with a unit of measure that is either a) defined by the system, or b) accepted for use by the system and is convertible to a unit of equivalent dimension that is defined by the system. Systems of units may distinguish between base and derived units. Base units are the units which measure the base quantities for the corresponding system of quantities. The base units are used to define units for all other quantities as products of powers of the base units. Such units are called derived units for the system.
system unit
system unit
This property relates a system of units with a unit of measure that is either a) defined by the system, or b) accepted for use by the system and is convertible to a unit of equivalent dimension that is defined by the system. Systems of units may distinguish between base and derived units. Base units are the units which measure the base quantities for the corresponding system of quantities. The base units are used to define units for all other quantities as products of powers of the base units. Such units are called derived units for the system.
has system unit
A reference to the unit of measure of a quantity (variable or constant) of interest.
unit
unit
A reference to the unit of measure of a quantity (variable or constant) of interest.
has unit
unit for
unit of
This property relates a unit of measure to something.
unit for
This property relates a unit of measure with a system of units that either a) defines the unit or b) allows the unit to be used within the system.
unit of system
This property relates a unit of measure with a system of units that either a) defines the unit or b) allows the unit to be used within the system.
unit of system
unit system
unit system
has unit system
A property to relate an observable thing with a quantity value (qudt:QuantityValue)
value
has value
value
A property to relate an observable thing with a quantity value (qudt:QuantityValue)
has value
value for quantity
value for quantity
0
number of objects
objects count
size
The number of objects counted. [Allotrope]
count
The lowest value of a range of literals. [Allotrope]
minimum value
The lowest value of a range excluding the boundary value. [Allotrope]
minimum value exclusive
The lowest value of a range including the boundary value. [Allotrope]
minimum value inclusive
The highest value of a range of literals. [Allotrope]
maximum value
The highest value of a range excluding the boundary value. [Allotrope]
maximum value exclusive
The highest value of a range including the boundary value. [Allotrope]
maximum value inclusive
valid
The property flags an information as correct and without errors. [Allotrope]
is valid
0
Position in an ordered list. [Allotrope]
index
step size value
The difference between two discrete points next to each other in a range of discrete values. [Allotrope]
A device property can be set between a minimum and maximum value but only in steps of the increment value.
increment value
value
The literal piece of information as part of some information entity object. [Allotrope]
has value
count
length
size
The collection size is the number of entries in a collection. [Allotrope]
collection size
A value that used as a basis for comparison. [Allotrope]
reference value
0
degree
order
rank
Tensor rank is the total number of indices required to identify each component of a tensor uniquely. It is equal to the dimension of the tensor. [Wikipedia]
tensor rank
0
The second index value in a multi-dimensional datum. [Allotrope]
index 1
0
The first index value in a multi-dimensional datum. [Allotrope]
index 0
error min exclusive
Minimum error exclusive is the absolute error amount (exclusive) by which the actual value could be lower than the stated value. [Allotrope]
minimum error exclusive
error max exclusive
Maximum error exclusive is the absolute error amount (exclusive) by which the actual value could be higher than the stated value. [Allotrope]
maximum error exclusive
Unified Code for Units of Measure case insensitive code
Unified Code for Units of Measure case sensitive code
Unified Code for Units of Measure print symbol
An abbreviation for a unit is a short (usually 5 characters or less) string that is used in place of the full name for the unit in contexts where space is limited, or where using the abbreviation will enhance readability.
abbreviation
abbreviation
An abbreviation for a unit is a short (usually 5 characters or less) string that is used in place of the full name for the unit in contexts where space is limited, or where using the abbreviation will enhance readability.
has abbreviation
A unit code is a numeric string that uniquely identifies a unit
code
code
A unit code is a numeric string that uniquely identifies a unit
has code
conversion coefficient
conversion coefficient
has conversion coefficient
conversion multiplier
conversion multiplier
has conversion multiplier
conversion offset
conversion offset
has conversion offset
The currency exponent indicates the number of decimal places between a major currency unit and its minor currency unit. For example, the US dollar is the major currency unit of the United States, and the US cent is the minor currency unit. Since one cent is 1/100 of a dollar, the US dollar has a currency exponent of 2. However, the Japanese Yen has no minor currency units, so the yen has a currency exponent of 0.
currency exponent
currency exponent
The currency exponent indicates the number of decimal places between a major currency unit and its minor currency unit. For example, the US dollar is the major currency unit of the United States, and the US cent is the minor currency unit. Since one cent is 1/100 of a dollar, the US dollar has a currency exponent of 2. However, the Japanese Yen has no minor currency units, so the yen has a currency exponent of 0.
has currency exponent
description
description
has description
exact constant
exact constant
is exact constant
literal
literal
has literal
A negative change limit between consecutive sample values for a parameter. The Negative Delta may be the encoded value or engineering units value depending on whether or not a Calibrator is defined.
negative delta limit
negative delta limit
A negative change limit between consecutive sample values for a parameter. The Negative Delta may be the encoded value or engineering units value depending on whether or not a Calibrator is defined.
has negative delta limit
numeric value
numeric value
has numeric value
order
order
has order
A positive change limit between consecutive sample values for a parameter. The Positive Delta may be the encoded value or engineering units value depending on whether or not a Calibrator is defined.
positive delta limit
positive delta limit
A positive change limit between consecutive sample values for a parameter. The Positive Delta may be the encoded value or engineering units value depending on whether or not a Calibrator is defined.
has positive delta limit
The relative standard uncertainty of a measurement is the (absolute) standard uncertainty divided by the magnitude of the exact value.
relative standard uncertainty
relative standard uncertainty
The relative standard uncertainty of a measurement is the (absolute) standard uncertainty divided by the magnitude of the exact value.
The relative standard uncertainty of a measurement is the (absolute) standard uncertainty divided by the magnitude of the exact value. [QUDT]
has relative standard uncertainty
The standard uncertainty of a quantity is the estimated standard deviation of the mean taken from a series of measurements.
standard uncertainty
standard uncertainty
The standard uncertainty of a quantity is the estimated standard deviation of the mean taken from a series of measurements.
The standard uncertainty of a quantity is the estimated standard deviation of the mean taken from a series of measurements. [QUDT]
has standard uncertainty
The symbol for a unit is a glyph that is used to represent the unit in a compact form. For example, the symbol for the US Dollar is $. This contrasts with unit:abbreviation, which gives a short alphanumeric abbreviation for the unit. (I.e. USD for US Dollar).
symbol
symbol
The symbol for a unit is a glyph that is used to represent the unit in a compact form. For example, the symbol for the US Dollar is $. This contrasts with unit:abbreviation, which gives a short alphanumeric abbreviation for the unit. (I.e. USD for US Dollar).
The symbol for a unit is a glyph that is used to represent the unit in a compact form. [QUDT]
For example, the symbol for the US Dollar is $. This contrasts with unit:abbreviation, which gives a short alphanumeric abbreviation for the unit. (I.e. USD for US Dollar). [QUDT]
has symbol
UNECE common code
UNECE common code
has UNECE common code
vector magnitude
vector magnitude
has vector magnitude
notation
A notation, also known as classification code, is a string of characters such as "T58.5" or "303.4833" used to uniquely identify a concept within the scope of a given concept scheme.
notation
By convention, skos:notation is used with a typed literal in the object position of the triple.
true
A range is an interval of values with a lower and/or upper limit. [Allotrope]
range
true
A set of codes in a controlled vocabulary. [Allotrope]
codelist
true
2020-12-01 Changed parent to symbol. [Allotrope]
categorical value
enumeration value
An entry in a list of controlled symbols denoting a classification. [Allotrope]
code
true
A condition is an information content entity that is about the portion of reality under which something occurs or is valid. The condition is limited by its scope and may have preconditions. It restricts the possible realizations. [Allotrope]
condition
true
and
2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
An and condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if all condition items of it are valid. [Allotrope]
and condition
true
or
2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
An or condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if at least one of its condition items is valid. [Allotrope]
or condition
true
exclusive or condition
one of
xor
xor condition
2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A one of condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if exactly one of its condition items is valid. [Allotrope]
one of condition
true
sequence
A list is an ordered collection of items. [Allotrope]
list
true
item
An entry in a list. [Allotrope]
list item
true
A series is a list (ordered collection) of literal values. [Allotrope]
series
true
An individual entry in a series with an index and a numeric value. [Allotrope]
series item
An aggregation of data items for a purpose. [Allotrope]
A collection itself is never an object aggregate, but an abstraction and might be about an object aggregate.
collection
true
element
An item is an individual member of some collection. [Allotrope]
The item is not a physical object that is member of an object aggregate, but is an abstraction that might be about such an object.
item
true
A collection where each member is disjoint from another. [Allotrope]
set
Bernhard Wolf (31 August 1995). Handbook of Ion Sources. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2502-1.
ionization source
A ion source is a device that has the function to produce or provide ions. [Allotrope]
ion source of a mass spectrometer
ion source
true
piping components
piping equipment
plumbing components
tubing components
tubing equipment
Plumbing equipment are devices used as components of a plumbing system. [Allotrope]
plumbing equipment
true
A sample passage is the compartment of a device that handles the conveying of samples. [Allotrope]
sample passage
true
A piece of apparatus that is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes. [CHMO]
calorimeter
true
GC device
gas chromatography device
2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope]
2020-03-20 Added restriction. [Allotrope]
A piece of apparatus, consisting of a gas supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]
gas chromatograph
true
block
plate
well block
2020-06-22 Moved under tray. [Allotrope]
2020-12-10 Added labels. [Allotrope]
A plate is a tray with multiple "wells" used as small test tubes. [Wikipedia]
well plate
true
mass analyzer
A mass-to-charge analyzer is a separation device that separates ionized masses by their mass to charge ratio. [Allotrope]
mass-to-charge analyzer
AS
automated sampler
autosampler module
A piece of equipment that allows for automated sampling or sample loading. [Allotrope]
autosampler
system
2020-03-24 Added restriction. [Allotrope]
An artificial system that is mainly composed of devices. [Allotrope]
device system
true
A piece of apparatus that has the form of a tube with a diameter of less than a millimeter and hosts the stationary bed in chromatography. [CHMO]
capillary column
A piece of apparatus, consisting of an electrolytic cell, that is used to determine electric charge by measuring the amount of an element deposited or released at the cathode during a specified time. [Allotrope]
electrochemical coulometer
true
L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872
A fraction collector is a collecting device for recovering fractional volumes of the column effluent. [IUPAC]
fraction collector
true
DAD
PDA
PDAD
photodiode array detector
A piece of apparatus, consisting of a two-dimensional pattern of diodes and a prism, that is used to detect organic compounds. As the sample passes through a cell or cuvette it is illuminated with light in the region 190-1100 nm and any light transmitted through the sample is dispersed by the prism, so that light of different wavelengths falls on different diodes. The output from the array is used to construct an absorption spectrum that can be compared with standard spectra for identification purposes. Alternatively, a single diode can be used to monitor a specific wavelength at which there is maximum absorption. [CHMO]
diode array detector
true
EMR source
light source
A source of a range of electromagnetic waves. [Allotrope]
electromagnetic radiation source
A flow cell is a measurement chamber that allows the sample to flow through. [Allotrope]
flow cell
Karl Fischer coulometer
Karl Fischer coulometric titrator
A Karl-Fischer coulometer is a piece of apparatus, consisting of an electrolytic cell with an anodic compartment containing sulfur dioxide (SO2), iodide and a cathodic compartment containing the sample, which is used to determine trace amounts of water in a sample by measuring the time and current flow required to reach the titration end-point. [CHMO]
Karl-Fischer coulometer
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
A skimmer is a cone with a central orifice that intercepts the center of a spray or jet expansion to sample the central portion of the expansion, for example, as in a momentum separator. [IUPAC]
skimmer
light microscope
An optical microscope is a microscope that is consisting of an eyepiece, an objective lens, object turret, stage, and light source, which collects electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. [CHMO]
optical microscope
true
A chromatography column used for analysis. [Allotrope]
analytical column
stirring rod
An overhead stirrer is a stirrer that is made up of a stirring rod with a paddle, anchor or propeller end that is driven by an overhead motor on a stand. [Allotrope]
overhead stirrer
channel
communication channel
A communication channel or channel, refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel. A channel is used to convey an information signal, for example a digital bit stream, from one or several senders (or transmitters) to one or several receivers. [Wikipedia]
channel (communication)
true
A reactor is a container for controlling a biological or chemical reaction or process. [Allotrope]
reactor
A piece of apparatus that is planar and is or hosts the stationary bed in chromatography. [CHMO]
open chromatographic bed
K. Grob, Split and Splitless Injection for Quantitative Gas Chromatography: Concepts, Processes, Practical Guidelines, Sources of Error, 4th, Completely Revised Edition (Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2001).
GC injector
GC inlet
column injector
column inlet
gas chromatograph injector
An inlet into a gas chromatograph. [Allotrope]
gas chromatograph inlet
true
RRLC
RSLC
UFLC
UHPLC
UPLC
rapid resolution liquid chromatograph
rapid separation liquid chromatograph
ultra fast liquid chromatograph
ultra performance liquid chromatograph
2020-03-20 Changed equivalentClass to subClass. [Allotrope]
Liquid chromatograph that implements the ultra high-performance liquid chromatography. [Allotrope]
ultra high-performance liquid chromatograph
true
2018-03-06 Changed definition to Aristotelian form. [Allotrope]
A spectrophotometer is a photometer that measures the intensity of light at each individual wavelength. [Allotrope]
spectrophotometer
true
A stir bar is a small magnetic bar used in a magnetic stirrer. [Allotrope]
stir bar
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TERMINOLOGY TO BE USED WITH PRECISION BALANCES, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1(1), 171-176
legal metrology definition of analytical balances
An analytical balance has a capacity of 50 - 200 g with a precision of 0.01 - 0.05 mg. [IUPAC]
analytical balance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_ionization_detector
FID
A flame ionization detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the measurement of ions created via flame ionization. [Allotrope]
flame ionization detector
true
column
A chromatography column is a type of column that contains a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of compounds. [Allotrope]
chromatography column
EI source
electron impact source
An electron ionization source is an ion source that consists of an ionization chamber and a thin strip of metal that is heated electrically to incandescence or a temperature at which it emits free electrons that are accelerated through a potential to an energy where they ionize the sample. [CHMO]
electron ionization source
HPLC system
high-performance liquid chromatography system
2020-03-20 Changed equivalentClass to subClass. [Allotrope]
A high-performance liquid chromatograph is an instrument used for HPLC that is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate the components in a mixture, to identify each component, and to quantify each component. It has pumps to pass a pressurized liquid solvent containing the sample mixture through a column filled with a solid adsorbent material. Each component in the sample interacts slightly differently with the adsorbent material, causing different flow rates for the different components and leading to the separation of the components as they flow out the column. [Wikipedia]
high-performance liquid chromatograph
true
HPLC column
A chromatography column that contains very small particles and is capable of taking a high inlet pressure. [CHMO]
high-performance liquid chromatography column
true
PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993))
A chromatography detector is a detector that is used in chromatography as component of a chromatography system. [Allotrope]
chromatographic detector
true
weighing instrument
A weighing device is a measurement device for measuring mass by the gravitational force on earth. [Allotrope]
weighing device
true
injector
A device that introduces objects into the inside of another object. [Allotrope]
injection device
true
SAX column
A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a strong anion exchanger. [CHMO]
strong anion-exchange column
true
A homogenizer is a device used for homogenization of various types of material. [Wikipedia]
homogenizer
true
WAX column
A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a weak anion exchanger. [CHMO]
weak anion-exchange column
true
TCD
2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
2018-12-20 Changed definition to align with other GC detectors. [Allotrope]
A thermal conductivity detector is a measurement component that measures changes in the thermal conductivity of the column effluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas. [Allotrope]
thermal conductivity detector
true
Any piece of apparatus used to detect an analyte. [CHMO]
detector
A separate enclosed physical section of a device that can contain other devices. [Allotrope]
compartment
true
A sensor that measures the pressure. [Allotrope]
pressure sensor
A capillary is a tube with a small diameter. [Allotrope]
capillary
true
temp controlled chamber
A temperature controlled chamber is a chamber or enclosed space in which a temperature can be controlled and set to a specific value. [Allotrope]
temperature controlled chamber
true
engineered artifact
A device is an artifact that is designed to perform a function primarily by means of its mechanical or electrical nature. [Allotrope]
A device has a designed form or physical structure. This distinguishes a device from a chemical and a biological artifact, that are typical bulk or portions of materials without a designed form. [Allotrope]
device
true
SCX column
A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a strong cation exchanger. [CHMO]
strong cation-exchange column
true
RI detector
refractive-index detector
2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
A piece of apparatus, consisting of a light source, a hollow prism and a photoelectric cell that is used to detect non-ultraviolet-absorbing molecules in a sample separated by chromatography. Light from the sample passes through a flow cell with two channels towards the photoelectric cell. One channel holds the eluent from the column, whereas the other holds a control sample (solvent that has not passed through the column). Detection occurs when the light is bent due to molecules eluting from the column, and this is read as a disparity between the two channels. [CHMO]
refractive index detector
true
ECD
Hall electrolytic conductivity detector
2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
A conductivity probe to calculate the conductance value of a material at the selected reference temperature. [Allotrope]
electrolytic conductivity detector
CI source
A chemical ionization source is an ion source that consists of a high-pressure ionization chamber containing a reagent gas (for example N2, O2 or H2O) which is ionized by high-energy electrons from a heated strip of metal and goes on to react with the analyte to ionize it. [CHMO]
chemical ionization source
A magnetic stirrer or magnetic mixer is a laboratory device that employs a rotating magnetic field to cause a stir bar (also called "flea") immersed in a liquid to spin very quickly, thus stirring it. [Wikipedia]
magnetic stirrer
true
The reservoir is a container that stores solutions. [Allotrope]
reservoir
true
A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]
chromatograph
true
vessel
A device that has the function to contain material. [Allotrope]
box, can, plate, rack
tray, flask, vial
container
true
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. [Allotrope]
thermometer
UV spectrophotometer
UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometer
UV-VIS spectrometer
UV-VIS spectrophotometer
UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrometer
UV-Vis spectrometer
UV-vis absorption spectrometer
UV-vis absorption spectrophotometer
UV-vis spectrometer
UV-vis spectrophotometer
UV-visible spectrometer
UV/VIS absorption spectrophotometer
UV/VIS spectrometer
UV/VIS spectrophotometer
UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometer
UV/Vis spectrometer
UV/Vis spectrophotometer
absorption spectrophotometer
electronic absorption spectrometer
molecular electronic absorption spectrometer
ultra-violet-visible spectrometer
ultraviolet-visible spectrometer
ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
A piece of apparatus that consists of: a light source; a holder for the sample; a diffraction grating or monochromator to separate the different wavelengths of light; a detector, and is used to measure spectra in the range ultraviolet to visible (190--800 nm). [CHMO]
ultraviolet-visible spectrometer
true
An electrode is an electrically-conducting device that exchanges electrons with an electrolyte as part of an electrical circuit. [Allotrope]
electrode
true
A short protective chromatography column used to protect the main analytical column from damaging impurities that are injected into the instrument. [Allotrope]
guard column
true
GPC
gel permeation chromatograph
A piece of apparatus, consisting of an eluent supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column containing a swollen gel, a detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]
gel filtration chromatograph
A sample inlet is an in port of a measurement or separation device where sample material is passing in to the device. [Allotrope]
sample inlet
true
A piece of apparatus used to measure a spectrum by illumination with light. [Allotrope]
optical spectrometer
true
A damper is an inhibition device that deadens, restrains, or depresses. [Wikipedia]
damper
true
A pump is a device that is used to pump. [CHMO]
pump
true
A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a cation exchanger. [CHMO]
cation-exchange column
true
cell counter analyzer
cell counter device
cell counter instrument
cell density module
cell viability module
off-line analyzer
A device used to count the number of cells present in known volume of sample to determine the overall concentration cells per unit volume. [Allotrope]
cell counter
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
QMS
quad-MS
A piece of apparatus that consists of an ion source, a mass-to-charge analyzer, a detector and a vacuum system and is used to measure mass spectra. The detector is a quadrupole mass-to-charge analyzer, which holds the ions in a stable orbit by an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes. [IUPAC]
quadrupole mass spectrometer
true
temperature control
temperature control device
thermostat
A device used to control the temperature in a compartment. [Allotrope]
temperature controller
true
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture_detector
ECD
An electron capture detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the attachment of electrons via electron capture ionization. [Allotrope]
electron capture detector
tray
vial tray
2020-06-22 Moved under tray, renamed and updated definition. [Allotrope]
A vial rack is a tray capable of holding multiple vials within a defined layout. [Allotrope]
vial rack
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
QIT
QUISTOR
quadrupole ion storage trap
quadrupole ion trap
Ion trapping device that depends on the application of radio frequency potentials between a ring electrode and two end-cap electrodes to confine the ion motion to a cyclic path described by an appropriate form of the Mathieu equation. The choice of these potentials determines the m/z value below which ions are not trapped. [IUPAC]
Paul ion trap
true
A chromatography column where the stationary phase is an anion exchanger. [CHMO]
anion-exchange column
true
A Raman spectrometer is a piece of apparatus that allows for the measurement of Raman spectra. It consists of a laser and a detector. [Allotrope]
Raman spectrometer
UV spectrometer
UV spectrophotometer
ultra-violet spectrometer
ultraviolet spectrometry
A piece of apparatus that consists of: a light source; a holder for the sample; a diffraction grating or monochromator to separate the different wavelengths of light; a detector, and is used to measure spectra in the ultraviolet range (190-400 nm). [CHMO]
ultraviolet spectrometer
true
A device to acquire signals or data. [Allotrope]
data acquisition device
true
A device used to split a fluid into two component streams. [Allotrope]
splitter
true
FLD
2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
A fluorescence detector is a detector that detects material by way of the measurement of the emitted fluorescence light after excitation with light. [Allotrope]
fluorescence detector
A blood gas analyzer is a device that is used for blood gas measurement. [Allotrope]
blood gas analyzer
true
A capillary electrophoresis column is a type of column that is used in capillary electrophoresis. [Allotrope]
capillary electrophoresis column
true
A degasser is a device to remove gasses from a fluid which could otherwise form bubbles. [Wikipedia]
degasser
A. G. Marshall, C. L. Hendrickson, G. S. Jackson. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 17, 1 (1998).
J. P. Holder, L. Gruber, H. E. DeWitt, B. R. Beck, D. A. Church, D. Schneider. Phys. Scr., T 92, 158 (2001).
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
IT
LCQ
LTQ
A ion trap is a device for spatially confining ions using electric and magnetic fields alone or in combination. [IUPAC]
ion trap
true
ion collector
A piece of apparatus that produces an output that depends on the number of ions that it encounters. [CHMO]
ion detector
true
measurement cell
A measurement chamber is a closed space that contains the sample for measurement. [Allotrope]
measurement chamber
true
Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609.
A mass spectrometer is a measurement device that measures the m/z values and abundances of gas-phase ions. [IUPAC]
mass spectrometer
electrospray emitter
electrospray needle
Inlet used for introducing the liquid sample into an electrospray ionization source. [PSI/MS]
electrospray inlet
true
SFC device
supercritical-fluid chromatography device
2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope]
2020-03-20 Added restriction. [Allotrope]
A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to tits critical temperature and pressure. [Allotrope]
supercritical-fluid chromatograph
true
A chromatography column in which either the inner tube wall or a liquid or active solid held stationary on the tube wall acts as the stationary phase and there is an open, unrestricted path for the mobile phase. [CHMO]
open-tubular column
true
A chromatography column that contains a solid packing. [CHMO]
packed column
A balance is a weighing device, intended predominantly for medium to low capacity weighments, with moderate to high resolutions, mostly used indoors. [Allotrope]
balance
true
UV detector
A piece of apparatus, consisting of a light source, a photoelectric cell, a diffraction grating or monochromator to separate the different wavelengths of light, which is used to detect the absorbance of ultraviolet (190-400 nm) light by molecules in a sample separated by chromatography. [CHMO]
ultraviolet detector
true
tubing
A tube, or tubing, is a long hollow cylinder used for moving fluids (liquids or gases) or to protect electrical or optical cables and wires. [Wikipedia]
tube
A device that is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes for both a sample and a reference. [CHMO]
differential scanning calorimeter
true
2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
An electronic absorbance detector is a detector that detects material by way of the electronic absorbance of a electromagnetic ray transmitted through the material. [Allotrope]
electronic absorbance detector
true
An array column is a column that contains multiple columns at the same time. [Allotrope]
array column
A syringe is an injection device that is a simple pump consisting of a plunger that fits tightly in a tube. The plunger can be pulled and pushed along inside a cylindrical tube (called a barrel), allowing the syringe to take in and expel a liquid or gas through an orifice at the open end of the tube. [Wikipedia]
syringe
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
ion guide
Devices designed to control the formation, focusing, and deflection of charged particle beams in a vacuum under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. [IUPAC]
ion optics
SL
splitless
splitless injector
A splitless inlet is a gas chromatograph inlet enabling the carrier gas to sweep the volatilized sample onto the GC column. [Allotrope]
splitless inlet
true
display device
A display is a device or element of an instrument serving to represent information. [Allotrope]
display
An ion source inlet is an inlet into an ion source of a mass spectrometer. [Allotrope]
ion source inlet
true
WCX column
A chromatography column where the stationary phase is a weak cation exchanger. [CHMO]
weak cation-exchange column
SQD
single quadrupole
A single quadrupole mass spectrometer is a type of quadrupole mass spectrometer that uses one single quadrupole field. [Allotrope]
single quadrupole mass spectrometer
true
chiller
cooler
A kind of heat exchanger or radiator designed to remove excess heat. [Wikipedia]
cooling device
true
2020-06-18 Move under controller. [Allotrope]
A valve is a plumbing equipment that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. [Wikipedia]
valve
UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer
UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrometer
UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer
UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer
UV-vis-NIR absorption spectrometer
UV-visible-near IR absorption spectrometer
UV-visible-near IR spectrometer
ultraviolet-visible-near infrared absorption spectrometer
ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer
A piece of apparatus that consists of: a light source; a holder for the sample; a diffraction grating or monochromator to separate the different wavelengths of light; a detector, and is used to measure spectra in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (190--2000 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]
ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer
true
A chromatography column where the stationary phase is an ion exchanger. [CHMO]
ion-exchange column
true
LC device
liquid chromatography device
low pressure liquid chromatography device
2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope]
2020-03-20 Changed equivalentClass to subClass. [Allotrope]
A liquid chromatograph is a system used to perform bioseparation techniques that are based on interactions of the sample with the mobile and stationary phases. [Allotrope]
The system consists of a chromatographic separation unit and a computer running the system control software. The system can be operated in a fully automated manner or in manual mode. It consists of different modules, components, and accessories. [Allotrope]
liquid chromatograph
S
split
split injector
A split inlet is a gas chromatograph inlet followed by a splitter enabling the carrier gas to sweep a part of volatilized sample onto the GC column, with that remaining split/swept to waste. [Allotrope]
split inlet
agitator
mixer
A stirrer is a mixing device used for stirring something. [Allotrope]
stirrer
furnace
heater
An oven is a device for heating an enclosed space. [Allotrope]
oven
true
A microscope is a device which is used to visually magnify a specimen. [Allotrope]
microscope
true
channel
line
A solvent channel is a channel where a liquid can flow through. [Allotrope]
A quaternary pump has 4 channels.
solvent channel
Connection point of a system through which flows material, energy or information. [Allotrope]
A port is used to transfer sample from a sample container to the sample measuring device or instrument. [Allotrope]
port
true
voltameter
Any piece of apparatus used to measure electric charge. [CHMO]
coulometer
spectrograph
spectroscope
A piece of apparatus used to measure a spectrum. [CHMO]
spectrometer
true
automatic burette
A titrator is a device that automates titrations. [Allotrope]
titrator
true
A long narrow cut or opening. [Allotrope]
slit
A site that is related to a device. [Allotrope]
device region
quadripole
A quadrupole is a mass-to-charge analyzer that holds the ions in a stable orbit by an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes. [Allotrope]
quadrupole
true
heater
heating equipment
A device used for heating something. [Allotrope]
heating device
true
An agitator is a device or mechanism to put something into motion. [Wikipedia]
agitator
true
mixing device
A mixer is a device used for mixing. [Allotrope]
mixer
true
Jars are cylindrical containers with wide openings that may be sealed. [Wikipedia]
jar
true
A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or optical properties of solutions or surfaces. [Wikipedia]
photometer
CLR
controlled laboratory reactor
A controlled lab reactor is a reactor that maintains temperature and other reaction parameters and has measuring devices. [Allotrope]
controlled lab reactor
In chemistry, a Controlled Lab Reactor or CLR is any reaction system where there is an element of automated control. Generally these devices refers to a jacketed glass vessel where a circulating chiller unit pumps a thermal control fluid through the jacket to accurately control the temperature of the vessel contents. Additional to this, it is common to have a series of sensors (temperature, pH, pressure) measuring and recording parameters about the reactor contents. It is additionally possible to control pumps to act on the reactor. [Wikipedia]
true
2020-03-23 Fixed definition. [Allotrope]
A differential scanning calorimetry pan is a pan for use in a differential scanning calorimeter that contains the sample under investigation. [Allotrope]
TZero pan, TZero hermetic pan
differential scanning calorimetry pan
true
A pan is a flat container. [Allotrope]
pan
true
A mass flow controller is a device that determines the mixture of different materials. [Allotrope]
In DVS, the mass flow controller generates the required mixture of dry and saturated gas.
mass flow controller
true
desktop computer
A computer is a general-purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. [Wikipedia]
computer
A pressure regulator is a controller that regulates a set pressure in a system. [Allotrope]
pressure regulator
true
PAC, 1989, 61, 1657 (Nomenclature for automated and mechanised analysis (Recommendations 1989))
sampling unit
A sample is a device that function to sample known amounts of material. [Allotrope]
sampler
true
An optical device is a device that creates, manipulates, or measures electromagnetic radiation. [Wikipedia]
optical device
true
A cell holder is a type of container for samples in spectrophotometers. [Allotrope]
cell holder
UV/VIS lamp
excilamp
An excimer lamp is a light source of ultraviolet light produced by spontaneous emission of excimer (exciplex) molecules. [Wikipedia]
excimer lamp
A UV lamp is a light source with an ultraviolet wavelength range of 190 to 380 nm. [Allotrope]
UV lamp
true
connector
A tubing connector is a part used to connect/install tubing, components, and accessories as part of a system flow path configuration. [Allotrope]
tubing connector
true
spin concentrator
A spin column is a column used for concentration of biological samples containing membranes for ultrafiltration. The solid phase is made up of silica to which the biological sample binds. [Allotrope]
spin column
true
A visible lamp is a light source with a visible wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm. [Allotrope]
visible lamp
A deuterium lamp is a low-pressure gas-discharge light source that emits light with a continuous spectrum mainly in the ultraviolet region. [Wikipedia]
deuterium lamp
The fibrette is a fiber optics device that consists of a thin fiber and defines the point where a beam of light is emitted into a sample. [Allotrope]
fibrette
A fibrette coupler connects a fibrette to a UV spectrophotometer and allows for precise adjustment of the path length. [Allotrope]
fibrette coupler
true
L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872
sampling valve
valve injector
A device in which the sample is first introduced into a chamber (loop), temporarily isolated from the mobile phase system by valves, which can be switched to make an instantaneous diversion of the mobile phase stream through the chamber to carry the sample to the column. [IUPAC]
bypass injector
true
L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872
A device which directly introduces the sample into the mobile-phase stream. [IUPAC]
direct injector
true
L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872
A device which directly introduces the sample into the mobile-phase stream. [IUPAC]
on-column injector
true
In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance). [Wikipedia]
diode
true
PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996))
A lamp is an electromagnetic radiation source of incoherent radiation. [IUPAC]
lamp
true
An artifact is a material that is designed and built for a purpose. [Allotrope]
artifact
A needle is a device consisting of a very thin, hollow tube with a sharp tip which contains a small opening at the pointed end. It is commonly used with a syringe. [Wikipedia]
needle
202-01-21 Removed restrictions to MS. [Allotrope]
A measuring system is a device system which has the designed function of measurement. [Allotrope]
measuring system
true
2020-03-24 Changed equiventClass to subClass. [Allotrope]
A LC-UV system is a device system that has a liquid chromatograph and an ultra-violet detector component. [Allotrope]
LC-UV system
true
analyzer
instrument
measuring apparatus
measuring instrument
measuring sensor
A device that measures some aspect of reality, such as a quality or the profile of a process. [Allotrope]
measurement device
true
regulator
A device that has the function to control some quality or process. [Allotrope]
controller
true
coupler
2020-06-18 Moved under connecting device. [Allotrope]
A device that has the function to couple things. [Allotrope]
coupling device
piping
plumbing
tubing
Plumbing is the system of pipes, tubing, drains, fittings, valves, and fixtures installed for the distribution of a liquid. [Wikipedia]
plumbing system
true
A device that is used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system. [Wikipedia]
input device
true
separating device
A device that has the function to separate materials. [Allotrope]
separation device
engineered system
A system that is created for a specific purpose. [Allotrope]
artificial system
true
A separation column is a separation device of columnar shape where the separation occurs inside the column. [Allotrope]
separation column
true
A transferring device is a device that is designed to transfer material. [Allotrope]
transferring device
true
A collecting device is a device that has the function to collect things. [Allotrope]
collecting device
2020-03-24 Add restrictions. [Allotrope]
A system intended for pumping. [Allotrope]
pump system
https://jcgm.bipm.org/vim/en/3.8.html
A sensor is a component of a measuring system that is directly affected by a phenomenon, body, or substance carrying a quantity to be measured. [Allotrope]
A sensor can be a measuring device on its own, but is typically a part of it.
sensor
measurement module
A measurement component is a component of a measuring system, that does measuring. [Allotrope]
The criteria is compromise. Some measurement components can be fully standalone measurement devices used in a component role, but are not typically used as such. A UV spectrometer is an electromagnetic absorbance measuring instrument and an elecctromagnetic absorbance detector has the same function, but it is used as part of a larger system, such as a HPLC-UV system.
measurement component
An injection device component is a component of an injection device. [Allotrope]
injection device component
true
GC detector
A gas chromatography detector is a detector that is used in gas chromatography as component of a GC system. [Allotrope]
gas chromatography detector
A guiding device is a device that has the function to direct a flow in a specific direction. [Allotrope]
guiding device
inlet
An in port is a port in a device where material is flowing into the system boundary. [Allotrope]
in port
outlet
An out port is a port in a device where material is flowing out of the system boundary. [Allotrope]
out port
bidirectional port
An in/out port is a port where a flow is going in both directions. [Allotrope]
in/out port
A distribution device is a device with the function to distribute a stream into multiple parts. [Allotrope]
distribution device
A split/splitless inlet is a gas chromatograph inlet that supports both split and splitless injection modes. [Allotrope]
split/splitless inlet
A GC system is a device system that has a gas chromatograph component. [Allotrope]
GC system
true
liquid chromatography system
A LC system is a device system that has a liquid chromatograph component. [Allotrope]
LC system
A column compartment is a compartment in a chromatography system where the columns are held. [Allotrope]
2019-04-01 Adding 'ro:location of' some 'af-e:chromatography column' breaks Hermit reasoner. [Allotrope]
column compartment
LC detector
A liquid chromatography detector is a detector that is used in liquid chromatography as component of a LC system. [Allotrope]
liquid chromatography detector
A packed injector is a GC injector device in which the entire sample aliquot is vaporized and directly introduced onto the column. [Allotrope]
packed injector
A monolithic columns is a chromatography column where the stationary phase synthesized in place as a single lattice structure in the column. [Allotrope]
monolithic column
chronometer
A clock is a measurement device used to measure, keep, and indicate time. [Wikipedia]
clock
MS system
A mass spectrometry system is a measuring system that is designed and assembled to realize the measurement function by way of mass spectrometry. [Allotrope]
mass spectrometry system
workbench
A bench is a large table in a workspace or laboratory. [Allotrope]
bench
A placement device is a device that is used to hold or place a material in a defined location. [Allotrope]
placement device
A table is a placement device with a flat top and one or more legs, providing a level surface for placement. [Allotrope]
table
A multimeter is an instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value. [Allotrope]
multimeter
frequency generator
A frequency generator is an electrical device which creates a signal at a predetermined frequency. [Allotrope]
Frequency generator with a single frequency, or adjustable to any frequency in the range that the generator supports.
frequency synthesizer
MS ionization source
mass spectrometry ionization source
A mass spectrometer ionization source is a piece of apparatus that takes an analyte and generates ions which are passed to the rest of a mass spectrometer for analysis. [CHMO]
mass spectrometer ionization source
filament
A filament is a device that produces an electron stream to charge neutrals for analysis by mass spectrometry. [Allotrope]
filament (ms)
Karl Fischer titrator
A Karl-Fischer titrator is a titrator designed for Karl-Fischer titrations. [Allotrope]
Karl-Fischer titrator
A backpressure regulator is a pressure regulator that regulates a defined pressure upstream of itself (at its own inlet). [Allotrope]
backpressure regulator
A nozzle is a transferring device consisting of jet port with an opening for regulating and/or directing the flow of fluid. [Allotrope]
nozzle
supercritical-fluid chromatography system
A SFC system is a device system that has a supercritical fluid chromatograph component. [Allotrope]
SFC system
A reactor jacket is a jacket that controls the temperature of a reactor. [Allotrope]
reactor jacket
A covering device is a device that has the function to cover something. [Allotrope]
covering device
A jacket is a covering device that is placed around something. [Allotrope]
pipe jacket, reactor jacket
jacket
A connecting device is a device that has the function to connect things. [Allotrope]
connecting device
A shaping device is a conversion device that alters the shape of some material. [Allotrope]
shaping device
converting device
A conversion device is a device that has the function to convert something. [Allotrope]
conversion device
plate
A tray is a shallow, flat container. [Allotrope]
tray
IT system
cyber-physical system
information technology system
A data system is an artificial system of physical devices and software running on it designed to process information or control. [Allotrope]
data system
CDS
A chromatography data system is a data system that controls a chromatography system and processes data participating in a chromatography run. [Allotrope]
chromatography data system
LIMS
LIS
LMS
laboratory information system
laboratory management system
A laboratory information management system is a data system used in laboratories to manage laboratory operations. [Allotrope]
laboratory information management system
A communication device is a device that has the function to communicate (transport information). [Allotrope]
communication device
A beam splitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light in two. [Wikipedia]
beamsplitter
A array card block is a container that uses microfluidic cards to load and accept well plates. [Allotrope]
array card block
well
A well (plate) is a well located in a well plate. [Allotrope]
well (plate)
An observation device is a device that has the function to observe something. [Allotrope]
observation device
block
qPCR block
reaction block
A qPCR reaction block is a container for samples used in qPCR instruments. [Allotrope]
qPCR reaction block
A probe is a device designed to reach into a location for remote manipulating or sensing. [NCI]
probe
true
A radiation source is a device that produces radiation used in a process. [Allotrope]
radiation source
An aperture is an inhibition device that is a small opening with the function of limiting the passage of matter or energy. [Allotrope]
aperture
A sample measurement interface is a connecting device through which measurements are captured. [Allotrope]
sample measurement interface
inhibitor
An inhibition device is a device that has the function to inhibit flows (material, energy, information). A part of the flow is passing through the device. [Allotrope]
inhibition device
A compression device is a device that is designed to compress to volume of material by applying force. [Allotrope]
compression device
true
disintegration device
A disintegration apparatus is a measurement device that measures the time it takes for an object to become disintegrated. The apparatus has a disintegration device component to support the disintegration. [Allotrope]
disintegration apparatus
true
A disintegration apparatus disc is a placement device used in a disintegration apparatus to hold objects below the solution level. [Allotrope]
disintegration apparatus disc
true
A basket is a container with a mesh structure used to hold solid objects. [Allotrope]
basket
true
A disintegration apparatus basket is a basket used in a disintegration apparatus to contain objects for disintegration. [Allotrope]
disintegration apparatus basket
A lens is a guiding device with the function to converge or focus some radiation. [Allotrope]
lens
A condenser lens is a lens with the function to converge a radiation beam to a defined beam size. [Allotrope]
condenser lens
A disconnecting device is a device that is designed to disconnect objects. [Allotrope]
disconnecting device
A disintegration device is a device that is designed to disintegrate objects. [Allotrope]
disintegration device
To deliver material is the function to transfer a material to or into a destination. [Allotrope]
to deliver material
true
To deliver mobile phase is the function to deliver material that is in a mobile phase role. [Allotrope]
to deliver mobile phase
equilibrating function
equilibration function
To equilibrate is a function which is realized in the process of equilibration. [Allotrope]
to equilibrate
To calibrate is a function to establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument, or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding values realized by standards. [IUPAC]
to calibrate
adding function
collecting function
to add
2019-05-17 Changed pref label to align with process hierarchy. [Allotrope]
Function to add a member to an aggregate or to bring a flow together. [Allotrope]
Solar panels collect ultraviolet sun rays to power small mechanisms. [NIST]
to collect
connecting function
connection function
To bring two or more flows (material, energy, signal) together. [NIST]
to connect
consuming function
consumption function
The to consume function is a function that is realized in a process where a participant exists at the start of the process but no longer exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope]
to consume
indicating function
To make something known to the user about a flow. [NIST]
A small window in the water container of a coffee maker indicates the level of water in the machine. [NIST]
to indicate
true
controlling function
To alter or govern the size or amplitude of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST]
to control
observing function
sensing function
to observe
2020-07-27 Change hierarchy to align with process. [Allotrope]
To sense is a signaling function that is perceiving or becoming aware, of a flow. [NIST]
to sense
fixing function
securing function
to fix
To firmly fix a flow path. [NIST]
On a bicycling glove, a Velcro strap secures the human hand in the correct place. [NIST]
to secure
data processing function
data transformation function
data transforming function
to process data
To submit information to a particular treatment or method having a set number of operations or steps. [NIST]
A computer processes a login request signal before allowing a user access to its facilities. [NIST]
to transform data
integration function
to integrate
A information processing function that generates integrals on numerical data item. [Allotrope]
to integrate (math)
calculating function
calculation function
To calculate is a data transformation function to solve problems for numbers or quantities. [Allotrope]
to calculate
supporting function
To firmly fix a material into a defined location, or secure an energy or signal into a specific course. [NIST]
to support
cleaning function
The material processing function to get rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope]
to clean
injecting function
injection function
The function of a device realized when administering a substance applied particularly to the forcible insertion of a liquid or gas by means of a syringe, pump, etc. [OBI]
to inject
true
material separation function
A material separation function is a function that increases the resolution between two or more material entities. The to distinction between the entities is usually based on some associated physical quality. [OBI]
to separate material
true
separation by chromatography function
A material separation function which is realized by chromatography. [Allotrope]
to separate material by chromatography
counting function
To count is to observe the quantitative number of discrete things. [Allotrope]
to count
detecting function
detection function
To discover information about the presence of a flow. [NIST]
A gauge on the top of a gas cylinder detects proper pressure ranges. [NIST]
to detect
measuring function
To determine the magnitude of a flow. [NIST]
An analog thermostat measures temperature through a bimetallic strip. [NIST]
to measure
energy transfer function
to transfer energy
to transmit
transmitting energy function
To move an energy from one place to another. [NIST]
In a hand held power sander, the housing of the sander transmits human force to the object being sanded. [NIST]
to transmit energy
heating function
A function that gives thermal energy to a recipient. [Allotrope]
to heat
communicating function
communication function
To communicate is the function to transferring information from one material entity to another. [Allotrope]
to communicate
pumping function
To pump is to transport fluids by suction or pressure or both. [Allotrope]
to pump
material filtering function
to filter
A filter function is a function to prevent the flow of certain entities based on a quality or qualities of the entity while allowing entities which have different qualities to pass through. [OBI]
to filter material
display function
displaying function
To reveal something about a flow to the mind or eye. [NIST]
The xyz-coordinate display on a vertical milling machine displays the precise location of the cutting tool. [NIST]
to display
converting a signal function
signal conversion function
A signal conversion function is an information processor function which transforms a signal into another type of signal. [OBI]
A synapse converts electrical action potentials into an intermediate chemical signal. The post synapse converts it back into an electric one passed on to the axon.
an analog-to-digital_converter
to convert a signal
storing function
To accumulate a flow. [NIST]
A DC electrical battery stores the energy in a flashlight. [NIST]
to store
true
A material function is a type of function that is realized in a process that has material entity as input and/or output. [Allotrope]
material function
cooling function
A function to remove thermal energy. [Allotrope]
to cool
consuming energy function
energy consumption function
To consume energy is the function to consume energy. [Allotrope]
to consume energy
planning function
To plan is the function of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI]
to plan
true
branching function
To cause a flow (material, energy or signal) to no longer be joined or mixed. [NIST]
to branch
true
separating function
separation function
To isolate a flow (material, energy, signal) into distinct components. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST]
A glass prism separates light into different wavelength components to provide a rainbow. [NIST]
to separate
distributing function
distribution function
To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to break up. The individual bits are similar to each other and the undistributed flow. [NIST]
An atomizer distributes (or sprays) hair-styling liquids over the head to hold ther hair in the desired style. [NIST]
to distribute
true
dividing function
To separate a flow. [NIST]
A vending machine divides the sold form of coins into appropriate denominations. [NIST]
to divide
removing function
To take away a part of a flow from its prefixed place. [NIST]
A sander removes small pieces of the wood surface to smooth the wood. [NIST]
to remove
extracting function
To draw, or forcibly pullout, a flow. [NIST]
A vacuum cleaner extracts depris from the imported mixture and exports clean air to the environment. [NIST]
to extract
sorting function
A sort function is a function to distinguish flows based on some associated physical quality or entity and to distribute the separate components into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [Allotrope]
to sort
true
channeling function
localizing function
to channel
To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to move from one location to another location. [NIST]
to localize
exporting function
taking function
to take
To send a flow (material, energy, signal) outside the system boundary. [NIST]
Pouring blended food out of a standard blender pitcher exports liquid from the system. [NIST]
to export
true
delivering function
importing function
to deliver
To bring in a flow (material, energy, signal) from outside the system boundary. [NIST]
A physical opening at the top of a blender pitcher imports a solid (food) into the system. [NIST]
to import
directing function
guiding function
to direct
To direct the course of a flow (material, energy, signal) along a specific path. [NIST]
to guide
allowing DOF function
allowing degree of freedom function
to allow DOF
To control the movement of a flow by a force external to the device into one or more directions. [NIST]
to allow degree of freedom
rotating function
To fix the movement of a flow by a device around one axis. [NIST]
to rotate
translating function
To fix the movement of the flow by a device into one linear direction. [NIST]
to translate
mixing function
To combine two flows (material, energy, signal) into a single, uniform homogeneous mass. [NIST]
A shaker mixes a paint base and its dyes to form a homogeneous liquid. [NIST]
to mix
coupling function
to bring together
To join or bring together flows (material, energy, signal) such that the members are still distinguishable from each other. [NIST]
to couple
coupling function
linking function
to couple
To couple flows together by means of an intermediary flow. [NIST]
A turnbuckle links two endsof a steering cable together. [NIST]
to link
coupling function
joining function
to couple
To couple flows together in a predetermined manner. [NIST]
A ratchet joins a socket on its square shaft interface. [NIST]
to join
true
adjusting function
regulating function
to adjust
To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in response to a control signal, such as a characteristic of a flow. [NIST]
Turning the valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid flowing from a faucet. [NIST]
to regulate
true
actuating function
commencing function
to commence
To commence the flow of energy, signal or material in response to an imported control signal. [NIST]
A circuit switch actuates the flow of electrical energy and turns on a light bulb. [NIST]
to actuate
enlarging function
increasing function
to enlarge
To enlarge a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]
to increase
decreasing function
reducing function
to reduce
To reduce a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]
to decrease
true
adjusting function
changing function
to adjust
To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]
to change
enlarging function
incrementing function
to enlarge
To enlarge a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]
to increment
decrementing function
reducing function
to reduce
2021-05-18 Added restriction. [Allotrope]
To reduce a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]
to decrement
forming function
molding function
shaping function
to form
to mold
To mold or form a flow. [NIST]
to shape
conditioning function
To render a flow appropriate for the desired use. [NIST]
To prevent damage to electrial equipment, a surge protector conditions electrical energy by excluding spikes and nose (usually through capacitors) from the energy path. [NIST]
to condition
true
stopping function
To cease, or prevent, the transfer of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST]
A reflective coating on a window stops the transmission of UV radiation through a window. [NIST]
to stop
preventing function
To keep a flow from happening. [NIST]
A submerged gate on a dam wall prevents water from flowing to the other side. [NIST]
to prevent
inhibiting function
restraining function
to restrain
To significantly restrain a flow, though a portion of the flow continues to be transferred. [NIST]
The structures of space vehicles inhibits the flow of radiation to protect crew and cargo. [NIST]
to inhibit
changing function
converting function
to change
To change from one form of a flow (material, energy, signal) to another. [NIST]
For completeness, any type of flow conversion is valid. In practice, conversions such as convert electricity to torque will be more common than convert solid to optical energy. [NIST]
An electrical motor converts electricity to rotational energy. [NIST]
to convert
provisioning function
To accumulate or provide a material or energy flow. [NIST]
to provision
signaling function
To provide information on a material, energy or signal flow as an output signal flow. The information providing flow passes through the function unchanged. [NIST]
to signal
containing function
To keep a flow within limits. [NIST]
A vacuum bag contains debris vacuumed from a house. [NIST]
to contain
supplying function
To provide a flow from storage. [NIST]
In a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to the bulb. [NIST]
to supply
tracking function
To observe and record data from a flow. [NIST]
By tracking the performance of batteries, the low efficiency point can be determined. [NIST]
to track
stabilization function
To prevent a flow from changing course or location. [NIST]
On a typical canister vacuum, the center of gravity is placed at a low elevation to stabilize the vacuum when it is pulled by the hose. [NIST]
to stabilize
placement function
positioning function
to place
To place a flow (material, energy, signal) into a specific location or orientation. [NIST]
The coin slot on a soda machine positions the coin to begin the coin evaluation and transportation procedure. [NIST]
to position
true
To remove material is the function to remove material. [NIST]
to remove material
decomposition function
To decompose is the function to breakdown a single phase into two or more phases by heating or treatment with acid, alkali or enzymes. [Allotrope]
to decompose
material transport function
to transfer material
transport function
To transport is the function to transfer material. [Allotrope]
to transport
conveying function
shifting function
to convey
to shift
transferring function
To shift, or convey, a flow (material, energy, signal) from one place to another. [NIST]
to transfer
maintaining function
The function to maintain something. [Allotrope]
to maintain
combining function
The function to make a whole out of many. [Allotrope]
to combine
The function to bring something into existence. [Allotrope]
Only information can be produced in the strict sense, because of physical conservation laws of energy and material, but this is function is a perspective on a system boundaries in the context. [Allotrope]
to produce
true
To count cells is the function to count cells. [Allotrope]
to count cells
sampling function
To sample is the function of to take parts or partitions of an object aggregate or data set for the interest for studying it. [Allotrope]
to sample
covering function
To cover is a joining function realized when something is joined to a surface in such way that it is preventing some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope]
to cover
To stir is a mixing function involving the agitation of a solution through circular motion. [Allotrope]
to stir
compare function
To compare is a function to observe or assess the similarities or dissimilarities between two things. [Allotrope]
to compare
coloring function
dyeing function
to color
To dye is a function to change the color of some target material. [Allotrope]
to dye
compressing function
To compress is the function to decrement the volume of a material by applying a force. [Allotrope]
to compress
disconnection function
To disconnect is a branching function that breaks up the connection between parts of an object so that they become separate. [Allotrope]
to disconnect
disintegration function
To disintegrate is a function to change a material so that it breaks down in to smaller pieces of it. [Allotrope]
to disintegrate
true
PAC, 1989, 61, 1657 (Nomenclature for automated and mechanised analysis (Recommendations 1989))
medium
The matrix are the components of a sample other than the analyte. [IUPAC]
matrix
Orange Book: IUPAC Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.
PAC, 1994, 66, 533 (Standard quantities in chemical thermodynamics. Fugacities, activities and equilibrium constants for pure and mixed phases (IUPAC Recommendations 1994))
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of one phase where particles are not visible to the naked eye and the solution does not scatter a light beam. [Allotrope]
solution
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
An ion is an atomic or molecular particle having a net electric charge. [IUPAC]
ion
A dye is a material that has the function to change the color of material. [Allotrope]
dye
water
Water is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of living things. [Wikipedia]
portion of water
true
A gas is an airlike material that expands freely to fill any space available. It can be transported in compressed gas cylinders and acts as a gas upon release at normal temperatures and pressure. [Allotrope]
gas
negative ion
An anion (-) is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged). [Wikipedia]
anion
positive ion
A cation (+) is an ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge. [Wikipedia]
cation
true
PAC, 1982, 54, 1533 (Glossary of terms used in nuclear analytical chemistry (Provisional))
The positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. [IUPAC]
nucleus
true
matter
A material entity that occupies space and possesses a rest mass. [Allotrope]
material
A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. [CL]
cell
A solid is a substance that is in the solid material state. [Allotrope]
solid
true
A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids. [Wikipedia]
fluid
true
A supercritical fluid is a gas whose temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears. [Wikipedia]
supercritical fluid
true
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. [Wikipedia]
liquid
true
Plasma is a state of matter in which an ionized gaseous substance becomes highly electrically conductive to the point that long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate the behavior of the matter. [Wikipedia]
plasma
Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 93
e−
β−
Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin quantum number 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000 548 579 903(13) u. [IUPAC]
electron
particle
A particle in the physical sciences is a small localized object to which can be ascribed physical properties. [Wikipedia]
particle (physics)
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but get suspended throughout the bulk of the medium. [Wikipedia]
sea water with sand
suspension
A spray is a heterogeneous mixture where a small amount of liquid is dispersed into a gas. [Allotrope]
spray
true
A natural material is any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals, or the ground. Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. [Wikipedia]
natural material
true
Energy must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat the object. It can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. [Wikipedia]
According to the annotations on material entity, energy is considered a material entity in BFO
energy
true
A form of energy that is transferred between bodies as a result of a temperature difference. [NIST]
thermal energy
true
Energy flow generated or required by a translation or virtual translation. [NIST]
mechanic translational energy
true
Work resulting from the reactions by which substances are produced from or converted into other substances. [NIST]
A battery converts the flow of chemical energy into electical energy.
chemical energy
true
Work resulting from the flow of electrons from a negative to a positive source. [NIST]
electrical energy
true
Energy that results from a rotation or a virtual rotation. [NIST]
mechanic rotational energy
true
Work that results from the movement or force of a liquid, including hydrostatic forces. [NIST]
hydraulic energy
true
EMR
electro-magnetic energy
electro-magnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation
radiation energy
Energy that is propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of electro-magnetic waves. [NIST]
electromagnetic energy
true
Work resulting from a compressed gas. [NIST]
pneumatic energy
An is a colloid where the continuous phase is a liquid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope]
milk that is mixed oil in water
emulsion
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
hydrogen nucleus
A proton is a nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin quantum number of 1/2 and rest mass of 1.00727647012 u. [IUPAC]
proton
IUPAC Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 93
A neutron is a nuclear particle of zero charge, spin quantum number 1/2 and a mass of 1.00866490414 u. [IUPAC]
neutron
IUPAC Red Book, p. 35
An atom is a smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element. It consists of a nucleus of a positive charge carrying almost all its mass (more than 99.9%) and Z electrons determining its size. [IUPAC]
atom
Myers, D. (2002) Association Colloids: Micelles, Vesicles, and Membranes, in Surfaces, Interfaces, and Colloids: Principles and Applications, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA. doi: 10.1002/0471234990.ch15
An association colloid is a homogeneous, non-structured substance composed of large molecules or ultramicroscopic suspended in a separate medium, which is largely comprised or reversible aggregations formed by the thermodynamics of molecular interactions. [Allotrope]
association colloid
PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 605
colloid dispersion
colloidal dispersion
A dispersion colloid is a colloid that is a system in which particles of colloidal size of any nature (e.g. solid, liquid or gas) are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition (or state). [IUPAC]
dispersion colloid
PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 606
A foam is a colloid where the continuous phase is a liquid and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope]
foam
PAC, 2007, 79, 1801 (Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)) on page 1806
A gel is a colloid where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope]
gel
A heterogeneous mixture is a portion of mixed material that is not uniform in composition, but proportions of its components vary throughout the sample. [Wikipedia]
sea water with sand
heterogeneous mixture
A homogeneous mixture is a portion of mixed material that has the same proportions of its components throughout a given sample. Homogeneous mixture can have a variable composition. [Wikipedia]
air
sea water
homogeneous mixture
PAC, 2007, 79, 1801 (Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)) on page 1805
A solid aerosol is an colloid where the continuous phase is a gas and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope]
liquid aerosol
A molecular colloid is a type of colloid that consists of many molecules that combine to structures of colloidal size. [Allotrope]
sulphur S8 colloid
molecular colloid
blend
mixture
portion of mixture
An portion of mixed material is a material entity that consists of different kinds of grains if you inspect it at a higher level of granularity. [Allotrope]
portion of milk
sand
sea water
sea water with sand
portion of mixed material
An portion of pure substance is a material entity that consists of one kind of grains if you inspect it at a higher level of granularity. [Allotrope]
solution of distilled water
portion of pure substance
PAC, 2007, 79, 1801 (Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)) on page 1805
A sol is a fluid colloidal system of two or more components. [IUPAC]
sol
A solid heterogeneous mixture is a heterogeneous mixture in solid state. [Allotrope]
solid heterogeneous mixture
PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 605
colloidal system
A colloid is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. A colloid has a dispersed phase (the suspended particles) and a continuous phase (the medium of suspension). The molecules or polymolecular particles dispersed in a medium have at least in one direction a dimension roughly between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer, or in a system discontinuities are found at distances of that order. [IUPAC]
colloid
true
X-ray
A form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers. [Wikipedia]
X-ray radiation
true
light
Electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400-700 nanometers. [Wikipedia]
visible light
true
UV
ultraviolet light
An electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm. [Wikipedia]
ultraviolet radiation
true
IR
infrared
infrared light
Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light. It extends from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometer, to 1 micrometers. [Wikipedia]
infrared radiation
true
gamma ray
γ-ray
Electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei and having wavelengths less than 10 picometers. [Allotrope]
gamma radiation
A system that can be discovered in nature. [Allotrope]
natural system
compound
A portion of material that has grain only the same kind of molecules, ignoring minor impurities. [Allotrope]
portion of tablesugar
portion of water
portion of compound
element
A portion of material that has grain only the same kind of atoms, ignoring minor impurities. [Allotrope]
portion of gold
portion of helium
portion of element
A portion of material that has grain some multi-molecular objects or particles. [Allotrope]
bag of nuts
packet of rice
portion of bulk stuff
A gas mixture is a solution where the continuous phase is a gas and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope]
air
gas mixture
A gas in solid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope]
hydrogen in paladium metal
gas in solid solution
solution
A gas in liquid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a liquid and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope]
carbon dioxide in water
gas in liquid solution
solution
A liquid in liquid solution is a solution where the mixture phase is a liquid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope]
alcoholic beverages
gasoline
liquid in liquid solution
solution
A solid in liquid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope]
salt or sugar in water
solid in liquid solution
solution
A liquid in solid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a liquid. [Allotrope]
hexane in paraffin wax
mercury amalgam
liquid in solid solution
A solid in solid solution is a solution where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a solid. [Allotrope]
alloys
solid in solid solution
Everett, D. (2009). Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 31(4), pp. 577-638.
A solid aerosol is an colloid where the continuous phase is a gas and the dispersed phase is a solid. [Allotrope]
solid aerosol
A solid foam is a colloid where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a gas. [Allotrope]
solid foam
A solid sol is a colloid where the continuous phase is a solid and the dispersed phase is a solid. [Allotrope]
solid sol
true
"Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 83 (12): 2229–2259. 2011.
2017-07-03 Changed definition to IUPAC recommendation. [Allotrope]
A dispersions is a heterogeneous mixture that is comprising more than one phase where at least one of the phases consists of finely divided phase domains, often in the colloidal size range, dispersed throughout a continuous phase. [IUPAC]
dispersion
A person is a human that is member of a group or organization. [Allotrope]
person
A group is a an aggregate of people. [Allotrope]
group
A collection of people organized together into a community or other social, commercial or political structure. The group has some common purpose or reason for existence which goes beyond the set of people belonging to it and can act as an agent. [W3C ORG]
By this hierarchy organizations are built of physical people, so no pure legal persons can be members of an organization.
organization
A formal organization is an organization which is recognized in the world at large, in particular in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights and responsibilities. [W3C ORG]
formal organization
An organization such as a department or support unit which is part of some larger organization and only has full recognition within the context of that organization. In particular the unit would not be regarded as a legal entity in its own right. [W3C ORG]
organizational unit
An organizational entity is a person, group or organization that is defined by some social contract between humans. [Allotrope]
organizational entity
Zero grade air is air that is purified to contain less than 0.1 ppm of hydrocarbons. [Allotrope]
zero grade air
A chromatographic packing is a solid heterogeneous mixture consisting of a substrate and stationary phase used in a chromatographic separation. [Allotrope]
chromatographic packing
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
A chemical substance is a portion of material that is matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of. [IUPAC]
chemical substance
mixed chemical substances
portion of mixed chemical substances
A portion of chemical mixture is a chemical substance that is composed of chemical substances. [Allotrope]
chemical mixture
collision energy
Collision energy is energy for an ion experiencing collision with a stationary gas particle resulting in dissociation of the ion. [PSI/MS]
collision energy (material entity)
A titration solvent is a solvent used in a titration to dissolve the sample. [Allotrope]
titration solvent
IUPAC Compendium on Analytical Nomenclature, Definitive Rules 1997, 3rd Edition, IUPAC Orange Book, prepared for publication by J. Inczedy, T. Lengyel, and A.M. Ure, Blackwell Science, 1998
A titrant solution is a solution containing the active agent with which a titration is made. [IUPAC]
titrant solution
ionic compound
salt
A portion of salt is a portion of compound where the compound is composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding. [Wikipedia]
portion of salt
silver (1+) nitrate
silver nitrate
A portion of silver nitrate is a portion of salt composed of silver (1+) and nitrate ions. [Allotrope]
portion of silver nitrate
Karl Fischer titrant solution
Karl Fischer titration solution
Karl-Fischer titration solution
A Karl-Fischer titration solution is a titrant solution used in a Karl-Fischer titration. [Allotrope]
Karl-Fischer titrant solution
A hydrochloric acid titrant solution is a titrant solution containing hydrochloric acid as the reactant. [Allotrope]
hydrochloric acid titrant solution
A perchloric acid titrant solution is a titrant solution containing perchloric acid as the reactant. [Allotrope]
perchloric acid titrant solution
A silver nitrate titrant solution is a titrant solution containing silver nitrate as the reactant. [Allotrope]
silver nitrate titrant solution
A sodium hydroxide titrant solution is a titrant solution containing sodium hydroxide as the reactant. [Allotrope]
sodium hydroxide titrant solution
hydrogen
Hydrogen gas is a gas that is composed of hydrogen molecules. [Allotrope]
hydrogen gas
oxygen
Oxygen gas is a gas that is composed of dioxygen molecules. [Allotrope]
oxygen gas
nitrogen
Nitrogen gas is a gas that is composed of dinitrogen molecules. [Allotrope]
nitrogen gas
helium
Helium gas is a gas that is composed of helium atoms. [Allotrope]
helium gas
carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide gas is a gas that is composed of carbon dioxide molecules. [Allotrope]
carbon dioxide gas
ammonia
Ammonia gas is a gas that is composed of ammonia molecules. [Allotrope]
ammonia gas
methane
Methane gas is a gas that is composed of methane molecules. [Allotrope]
methane gas
HILIC
hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
2016-02-03 Added altLabel [OSTHUS]
Liquid chromatography where the stationary phase is hydrophilic, the mobile phase is organic and separation is achieved based on polarity. [CHMO]
hydrophilic interaction chromatography
true
Volumetry is a type of quantitative analysis that measures the quantity of a compound by quantifying its volume. [Allotrope]
volumetry
cell counter analysis
cell counting analysis
Cell counter assay is a cellular assay that uses various methods to quantify cells in a culture. [Allotrope]
cell counter assay
Magnetic stirring is stirring that is achieved by rotating a magnetic stir bar in a solution. [CHMO]
magnetic stirring
Microscopy is a imaging assay where a microscope is used to view a small object (or specimen) by producing a magnified image. [CHMO]
microscopy
Raman scattering spectrometry
Raman scattering spectroscopy
Raman spectrometry
laser Raman spectroscopy
Any type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range by a sample is detected. [CHMO]
Raman spectroscopy
true
particle size analysis
particle size measurement
particle sizing
The measurement of the size distribution in a collection of grains. [CHMO]
granulometry
argentimetric titration
Argentometric titration is a process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. The titration is followed by the observing the precipitation of silver compounds following the addition of silver nitrate. [CHMO]
argentometric titration
true
O.D. measurement
OD measurement
optical densiometry
optical densitometry
The measurement of the light transmitted through a sample for a given wavelength. [CHMO]
optical density measurement
true
zeta potential analysis
zeta potential measurement
zeta-potential analysis
zeta-potential measurements
zeta-potential studies
ζ-potential analysis
ζ-potential measurement
The measurement of the overall charge a particle acquires in a specific medium. A number of different experimental methods can be used including electrophoretic light scattering and laser Doppler velocimetry. [CHMO]
zeta-potential measurement
true
A mixing step where a soluble component is mixed with a liquid component. [CHMO]
dissolving
Karl Fischer volumetric titration
volumetric Karl Fischer titration
volumetric Karl-Fischer titration
Karl-Fischer volumetric titration is a process of determining trace amounts of water in a sample by the titration of sulfur dioxide in water using iodine. In this method the titrant is added directly to the sample using a burette. [CHMO]
Karl-Fischer volumetric titration
Chromatography in which separation is based mainly on differences between the solubility of the sample components in the stationary phase (gas chromatography), or on differences between the solubilities of the components in the mobile and stationary phases (liquid chromatography). [CHMO]
partition chromatography
FID
flame ionization detection
flame ionization process
A flame ionization measurement is a measurement which is sensitive to compounds containing C-H bonds. A flow of carrier gas containing the sample is mixed with H2 and air and ignited. Any positively-charged radicals resulting from this process are collected at a cathode, allowing the current to be measured. [CHMO]
flame ionization measurement
true
cleansing
cleanup
Cleaning is the process of getting rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope]
cleaning
true
LC
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid. [CHMO]
liquid chromatography
true
reflectivity measurement
Any method for determining structure by directing a beam of particles or X-rays onto an extremely flat surface and measuring the intensity of the reflected radiation as a function of angle. [CHMO]
reflectometry
UV detection
UV measurement
ultra-violet detection
ultra-violet measurement
ultraviolet detection
ultraviolet measurement
2019-08-14 Changed definition and preferred label. [Allotrope]
Ultraviolet absorbance measurement is electronic absorbance measurement of light in the wavelength region of 190-350 nm. [Allotrope]
ultraviolet absorbance measurement
true
SFC
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to its critical temperature and pressure. [CHMO]
supercritical-fluid chromatography
true
Vortexing is a process of mixing that creates a vortex in the solution usually using a vortexer. [Allotrope]
vortexing
true
The measurement of the pore diameter, pore-size distribution and total pore volume of a sample. [CHMO]
porosimetry
PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993))
Fraction collection is the collection of fractional volumes of the column effluent. [IUPAC]
fraction collection
true
MAS
molecular absorption spectrophotometry
molecular electronic absorption spectroscopy
A type of spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (0.1-2.5 µm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]
spectrophotometry
Coulometric titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. In a coulometric titration the titrant is generated electrochemically by passing a constant current through an electrolyte. [CHMO]
coulometric titration
true
A process that affects, creates or destroys information content. [Allotrope]
information processing is often dependent on a signal processing, but abstracts the bearer of information from the content [OSTHUS]
information process
true
GC
GC run
gas chromatography run
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a gas. [CHMO]
An instance of gas chromatography can be a single-injection GC run.
gas chromatography
NMR
NMR spectrometry
NMR spectroscopy
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
A type of spectroscopy where the energy states of spin-active nuclei placed in a static magnetic field are interrogated by inducing transitions between the states via radio frequency irradiation. [CHMO]
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
true
The measurement and study of dimensional changes in polymers as a function of temperature, fluid absorption, mechanical stress or chemical reaction. [CHMO]
dilatometry
An assay that generates data about the presence, quantity, structure, function, behavior, or activity of cells, or a process that occurs at a cellular level of anatomical granularity (includes subcellular structures and organelles). [VIVO-ISF]
cellular assay
UV-vis-DRS
UV-vis-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy
diffuse reflectance UV-visible
A type of spectroscopy where the diffuse reflection of radiation in the range ultraviolet to visible (190-800 nm) by a sample is measured. [CHMO]
diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
true
separation
A branching process that isolates flows into distinct component flows. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST]
separating
Karl Fischer titration
Karl-Fischer titration is a process of determining trace amounts of water in a sample by the titration of sulfur dioxide in water using iodine. [CHMO]
Karl-Fischer titration
CZE
capillary zone electrophoresis
A capillary electrophoresis is an electrophoresis which takes place in a capillary. [CHMO]
capillary electrophoresis
true
A process of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI]
The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a robot scientist executing software. [OBI]
planning
true
weighment
weight check
Weighing is the measuring of weight of an object. Weight related to the amount of force acting on the object, either due to gravity or to a reaction force that holds it in place. [Wikipedia]
weighing
true
Peak picking is a data transformation to convert profile spectral data into centroided spectral data. [Allotrope]
peak picking
true
conductimetry
2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Conductometry is the measurement of the conductance of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO]
conductometry
true
spectroscopy
The study of the interaction of a sample with radiation or particles for measurement or detection. [CHMO]
spectrometry
true
A chromatography method where the stationary bed is within a tube (of standard length 25 cm). The particles of the solid stationary phase or support coated with a liquid stationary phase may fill the whole inside volume of the tube (packed column) or be concentrated on or along the inside tube wall leaving an open, unrestricted path for the mobile phase in the middle part of the tube (open-tubular column). [CHMO]
column chromatography
degas
degasification
Degassing is a sample preparation process whereby the adsorbed (dissolved) gas is removed from a solid or liquid. [Allotrope]
degassing
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.
enthalpimetric analysis
enthalpimetry
2018-11-01 Changed definition, previous definition: The measurement of thermodynamic parameters (e.g. enthalpy) during a chemical or biochemical reaction. [CHMO]
A measurement in which heat is measured as some chemical reaction or physical process occurs. [IUPAC]
calorimetry
true
osometry
The measurement of the osmotic strength of a substance which often used to determine its molecular weight. [CHMO]
osmometry
Volumetric titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured volumes of a titrant (normally via a burette) until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO]
volumetric titration
cataphoresis
electrophoretic analysis
An electrophoresis is a separation where colloidal particles move at different speeds according to their electrophoretic mobilities in a separation medium, across which an electric field is applied. [CHMO]
electrophoresis
nHPLC
nano HPLC
nano flow HPLC
nano high performance liquid chromatography
nano high pressure liquid chromatography
nano high-performance liquid chromatography
nano high-pressure liquid chromatography
nano-HPLC
nanoHPLC
nanoflow HPLC
nanoflow high performance liquid chromatography
nanoflow high pressure liquid chromatography
nanoflow high-pressure liquid chromatography
nanoflow-HPLC
nanoflowHPLC
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles, the inlet pressure is relatively high and the flow rate is nL min-1. [CHMO]
nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography
true
2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Loading is the importing of a material into a new location that contains the material. [Allotrope]
The loading step of IEF is the mixing of the sample with the appropriate ampholytes and loading the mixture into the capillary. [Allotrope]
loading
true
amperometric method
An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured whilst the potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is controlled. [CHMO]
amperometry
Catalymetric titration is he process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point is reached. The titration involves a catalyst, and the end-point is detected by the sudden increase or decrease in the rate of a reaction. [CHMO]
catalymetric titration
HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
high pressure liquid chromatography
high-pressure liquid chromatography
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles and the inlet pressure is relatively high. [CHMO]
high-performance liquid chromatography
nuclear magnetic resonance method
A nuclear magnetic resonance assay is magnetic resonance assay that applies a technique which detects the response of nuclear spins to a perturbing magnetic field. [Allotrope]
nuclear magnetic resonance assay
vibrational spectroscopic analysis
Vibrational spectroscopy is a spectroscopy which probes the vibrational degrees of freedom of a molecule. [CHMO]
vibrational spectroscopy
true
Dilution is the process of adding a solvent to a solution to lower its concentration. [Allotrope]
dilution
A heat treatment that alters the microstructure of a material causing changes in its properties such as strength and hardness. [CHMO]
annealing
Spectra combination is a data transformation that combines multiple spectra. [Allotrope]
spectra combination
A purification is a removing process that is used to physically separate an analyte from byproducts, reagents or contaminating substances. [Allotrope, CHMO]
purification
true
A method where the absorption of radiation in the ultraviolet to near-infrared (0.1-2.5 µm) is used to calculate stability constants by equimolar dilution. [CHMO]
equimolar spectrophotometry
true
rheological measurements
rheology
The study of the flow of fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity. Rheometry is the measurement of the relationship between deformation and stress for these liquids. [CHMO]
rheometry
true
adsorption-desorption
adsorption/desorption
sorption-desorption
sorption/desorption
A method for determining surface area by measuring the amount of an inert gaseous or liquid substance (the 'sorbent', usually H2 or N2) which adsorbs onto the surface of interest (the 'sorbate'), and the subsequent amount that desorbs at a constant temperature. Regression analysis is then applied to the data, resulting in an isotherm. [CHMO]
sorption-desorption measurements
true
gravimetric mass measurement
Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. [Wikipedia]
gravimetry
true
voltammetric method
An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured as a function of time and as a function of the potential between the indicator and reference electrodes. [CHMO]
voltammetry
DOAS
differential optical absorbance spectrometry
differential optical absorbance spectroscopy
differential optical absorption spectrometry
differential optical absorption spectroscopy
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy where the difference between incident and transmitted radiation is measured for a gaseous sample. [CHMO]
differential optical absorption spectrophotometry
UV spectrophotometry
UV spectroscopic measurements
UV spectroscopy
ultra-violet spectrometry
ultra-violet spectrophotometry
ultra-violet spectroscopy
ultraviolet spectrometry
ultraviolet spectroscopy
Spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the ultraviolet region (190-400 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]
ultraviolet spectrophotometry
true
detection
2018-08-09 Changed definition, removed alt label detection method. [Allotrope]
Detecting is observing the presence of an entity. This occurs when a threshold value of a quantity (quality, disposition, process property) is exceeded. [Allotrope]
detecting
UV spectrometry
UV-VIS
UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometry
UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy
UV-VIS spectrophotometry
UV-VIS spectroscopy
UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrometry
UV-Vis molecular absorption spectroscopy
UV-Vis spectroscopy
UV-vis
UV-vis absorption spectrometry
UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry
UV-vis absorption spectroscopy
UV-vis spectrometry
UV-vis spectrophotometry
UV-vis spectroscopy
UV-visible
UV-visible spectroscopy
UV/VIS
UV/VIS absorption spectrophotometry
UV/VIS spectrometry
UV/VIS spectrophotometry
UV/VIS spectroscopy
UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometry
UV/Vis spectrometry
UV/Vis spectrophotometry
UV/Vis spectroscopy
UV/vis
absorption spectrophotometry
electronic absorption spectroscopy
molecular electronic absorption spectroscopy
ultra-violet-visible spectrometry
ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy
ultraviolet-visible
ultraviolet-visible spectrometry
ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to visible (190-800 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]
ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
true
The method used to obtain the integral of a function or curve. [Allotrope]
integration
true
peak resolution method
peak separation method
resolution measurement method
Peak separation is a data transformation that allows to distinguish between two peaks. [Allotrope]
peak separation
true
Removing data is a data transformation that removes parts from an aggregate of data. [Allotrope]
removing data
Karl Fischer coulometric titration
Karl Fischer coulometry
Karl-Fischer coulometry
coulometric Karl Fischer titration
coulometric Karl-Fischer titration
Karl-Fischer coulometric titration is a process of determining trace amounts of water in a sample by the titration of sulfur dioxide in water using iodine. In this method the I2 is generated electrochemically from I- and titrated with sulfur dioxide. [CHMO]
Karl-Fischer coulometric titration
Chromatography in which separation is based mainly on differences between the adsorption affinities of the sample components for the surface of an active solid. [CHMO]
adsorption chromatography
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
CI
Formation of a new ion in the gas phase by the reaction of a neutral with an ion. The process may involve transfer of an electron, a proton, or other charged species between the reactants. [IUPAC]
chemical ionization
This term is not synonymous with chemi-ionization. [IUPAC]
When a positive ion results from chemical ionization, the term may be used without qualification. When a negative ion results, the term negative ion chemical ionization should be used. [IUPAC]
LCCC
liquid chromatography at critical conditions
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid held at or near its critical point. Liquid chromatography at the critical condition is used to determine functionality distributions in polymers. [CHMO]
liquid chromatography at the critical condition
ABG
BGA
arterial blood gas
blood gas measurement
Blood gas analysis is the process of analyzing amount of dissolved gases in a blood sample. [Allotrope]
blood gas analysis
FT Raman spectrometry
FT Raman spectroscopy
FT-Raman
Fourier transform Raman spectrometry
Fourier-transform Raman spectrometry
Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy
A type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of light by a sample is detected and the spectrum is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO]
Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of light by a sample is detected and the spectrum is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO]
Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy
reflectance UV-VIS spectrometry
reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy
reflectance UV/VIS spectrometry
reflectance UV/VIS spectroscopy
reflectance ultra-violet-visible spectrometry
reflectance ultra-violet-visible spectrophotometry
reflectance ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy
reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
reflection UV-VIS spectrometry
reflection UV-VIS spectroscopy
reflection UV/VIS spectrometry
reflection UV/VIS spectroscopy
reflection ultra-violet-visible spectrometry
reflection ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy
reflection ultraviolet-visible spectrometry
reflection ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy where the reflection or scattering of radiation from the sample surface is detected. [CHMO]
reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
QMS
quadrapole mass spectrometry
quadrupolar mass spectrometry
quadrupolar mass spectroscopy
quadrupole mass spectroscopy
Quadrapole mass spectrometry is a type of mass spectrometry where the mass-to-charge ratio of the sample ions is measured using an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes. [Allotrope]
quadrupole mass spectrometry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture_detector#Gas_chromatograph_detector
ECD
electron capture detection
electron capture dissociation
Electron capture measurement is a measurement that is sensitive to electronegative compounds (e.g. halogenated compounds). A beta-particle emitter (e.g. 63Ni) is used to produce an electron beam, which is passed between two electrodes. As the sample is passed through the e-beam, organic functional groups interact with the electrons, interrupting the current. [Allotrope, CHMO]
electron capture measurement
A measurement of the blood, it's contents, cells or other factors contained within the blood. [CMO]
blood measurement method
The determination of the relative strength of a substance (e.g., a drug or hormone or toxicant) by comparing its effect on a test organism with that of a standard preparation. [Wikipedia]
biological measurement method
true
optical rotation measurement
2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Polarimetry is a measurement of the extent to which a sample interacts with polarized electromagnetic radiation by transmission, reflection, refraction, or diffraction. [CHMO]
polarimetry
true
mixing material
The combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state. The mixing may be achieved manually or mechanically by shifting the material with stirrers or pumps or by revolving or shaking the container. The process must not permit segregation of particles of different size or properties. Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system. [CHMO]
mixing
scan
Scanning is measuring repeatedly or sweepingly. [Allotrope]
scanning
true
preparative method
sample preparation step
sample preparative method
sample processing
sample transformation method
2019-08-20 Changed pref label and definition. Fixed formal definition not to use equivalence. [Allotrope]
Sample preparation is a planned preparation process that synthesizes, converts or changes a sample. [Allotrope]
sample preparation
true
NPC
normal phase chromatography
A separation method where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary and polar, while the other is non-polar and moves in a definite direction. [CHMO]
normal-phase chromatography
PAC, 1995, 67, 1699 (Nomenclature in evaluation of analytical methods including detection and quantification capabilities (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) on page 1701
quantitative analysis
quantitative determination method
A measurement method which obtains the concentration or quantity of a specified substance in an analyte. [CHMO]
Analyses in which the amount or concentration of an analyte may be determined (estimated) and expressed as a numerical value in appropriate units. Qualitative analysis may take place without quantitative analysis, but quantitative analysis requires the identification (qualification) of the analytes for which numerical estimates are given. [IUPAC]
quantitative analysis assay
true
LSC
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid and the stationary phase is a solid. [CHMO]
liquid-solid chromatography
true
Any technique for measuring charge transport. [CHMO]
charge transport measurement
true
magnetic susceptibility measurements
The measurement of the strength and/or direction of magnetic fields, or the magnetic susceptibility of a sample. [CHMO]
magnetometry
oxidation-reduction titration
redox titration
Oxidation-reduction titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by monitoring a redox process until the endpoint, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO]
oxidation-reduction titration
sample taking
sampling
Sampling material is sampling of a material of interest for studying. [Allotrope]
sampling can be both separating or partitioning or a combination of it
pulling a small sample outside a bioreactor
sampling material
true
A chromatography is a separation where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. [CHMO]
chromatography
2019-09-20 Changed subclassing. [Allotrope]
Synthesis is a planned material process that combines, changes or converts material to produce a new material. [Allotrope]
synthesis
true
electropermeabilization
A method for introducing polar molecules into a host cell through the cell membrane. A large electric pulse (300-400 mV for <1 ms) temporarily disturbs the phospholipid bilayer, allowing molecules like DNA to pass into the cell. [CHMO]
electroporation
OM
light microscopy
A type of microscopy where the specimen is illuminated with visible light and a system of lenses is used to produce an image. [CHMO]
optical microscopy
Chelatometric titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample (metal cation) by adding measured increments of a titrant (a chelating agent) until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO]
chelatometric titration
RPLC
reversed phase liquid chromatography
2016-02-03 Removed altLabel [OSTHUS]
Liquid chromatography where the mobile phase is significantly more polar than the stationary phase, for example a microporous silica-based material with chemically bonded alkyl chains. [CHMO]
reversed-phase liquid chromatography
formulation
The process of formulation allows the preparation of mixtures of components in accordance with a formula and documents the composition. [Allotrope]
formulation process
Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609.
MS
mass spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry is a spectrometry that studies matter through the formation of gas-phase ions that are characterized using mass spectrometers by their mass, charge, structure, and/or physico-chemical properties. [IUPAC]
Mass spectroscopy is an obsolete synonym for mass spectrometry that should not be used to avoid confusion with spectroscopies in which the measured quantity is the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC]
The term is a misnomer because it is m/z rather than mass that is the independent variable in a mass spectrum. [IUPAC]
mass spectrometry
true
The process of making a polymer blend by mechanically mixing different polymers together in the melt. [CHMO]
physical blending
Any method that measures the amount of light that a substance scatters at certain wavelengths, incident angles, and polarization angles. [CHMO]
scattering spectroscopy
The transfer of thermal energy from a material to its surrounding environment. [CHMO]
cooling
true
The method to obtain the derivative of a function or curve. [Allotrope]
differentiation
acid/base titration
Acid-base titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample (an acid or base) by adding measured increments of a titrant (a base or acid) until the endpoint, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO]
acid-base titration
The process of segregation of phases; the separation of suspended solids from a liquid or gas, usually by forcing a carrier gas or liquid through a porous medium. [CHMO]
filtration
true
LLC
liquid-liquid chromatography
Column chromatography where both the mobile phase and the stationary phase are liquids. The stationary phase must be immiscible and insoluble in the mobile phase and is usually supported on a suitable material such as a diatomaceous earth. [CHMO]
liquid-liquid chromatography
Equilibration is the process of bring the state of a system to an equilibrium. [Allotrope]
equilibration
true
injection
sample introduction
2018-10-24 Moved to chromatography domain ontology, subclassed under loading [Allotrope]
Process of loading a sample into a chromatography system. [Allotrope]
injection (chromatography)
assembly
The process of fitting device components together to form a system. [Allotrope]
assembling
true
Piece counting is determining the number of objects in an object aggregate. [Allotrope]
piece counting
true
The intensive mixing of mutually insoluble phases (sometimes with addition of surfactants) to obtain a soluble suspension or emulsion. [CHMO]
homogenization
true
The measurement of the relative permittivity of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO]
dielectrometry
true
Any spectroscopic method which probes the electronic degrees of freedom of an atom or molecule. [CHMO]
electronic spectroscopy
FT NIRS
FT-NIRS
FTNIRS
Fourier transform near infra-red absorbance spectrometry
Fourier transform near infra-red absorption spectrometry
Fourier transform near infra-red spectrometry
Fourier transform near infra-red spectroscopy
Fourier transform near infrared absorbance spectrometry
Fourier transform near infrared absorbance spectroscopy
Fourier transform near infrared absorption spectroscopy
A type of spectroscopy where the sample absorbs a single pulse of radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm) and the spectrum obtained is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO]
Fourier transform near infrared absorption spectrometry
true
densiometric measurements
densiometry
densitometric measurements
The measurement of the density of a sample. [CHMO]
densitometry
true
A separation method where the components (in this case stereoisomers) are distributed between two chiral phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. [CHMO]
chiral chromatography
true
2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Stirring is a mixing involving the agitation of a solution through circular motion. [Allotrope]
stirring
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
EI
electron impact
electron impact ionization
Electron ionization is a ionization that removes one or more electrons from an atom or molecule through interactions with electrons that are typically accelerated to energies between 10 and 150 eV. [IUPAC]
electron ionization
G. L. Glish. Analyst 119, 533 (1994).
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
MSn
MSn spectrometry
MSn spectroscopy
multiple-stage mass spectroscopy
Multiple-stage mass spectrometry is a mass spectrometry where multiple stages of precursor ion m/z selection are followed by product ion detection for successive nth-generation product ions. [IUPAC]
multiple-stage mass spectrometry
RHPLC
RP-HPLC
gradient reverse HPLC
gradient reverse high-performance liquid chromatography
reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography
reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography
reversed-phase HPLC
reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography
reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography where the inlet pressure is relatively high and the mobile phase is significantly more polar than the stationary phase (which consists of very small particles), for example a microporous silica-based material with chemically bonded alkyl chains. [CHMO]
reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
true
flushing
purging
Rinsing is the process of washing quickly a device with a solution. [Allotrope]
rinsing
true
fourier transformation
The Fourier transformation decomposes a function of time (e.g. a signal) into the frequencies that make it up. [Wikipedia]
Fourier transformation
optical absorption spectroscopy
visible spectrometry
visible spectroscopy
Spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the visible region (380-800 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]
visible spectrophotometry
capillary HPLC
capillary high performance liquid chromatography
capillary high pressure liquid chromatography
capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography
capillary-HPLC
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles held in a tube of diameter less than a millimeter, and the inlet pressure is relatively high. [CHMO]
capillary high-performance liquid chromatography
FT-IR
FT-IR spectroscopy
FTIR
FTIR spectrometry
FTIR spectroscopy
Fourier transform infra-red absorption spectroscopy
Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the infrared region (0.78-1000 µm) and the spectrum obtained is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO]
Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy
An imaging assay is a physical characterization assay to produce a picture of an entity. [CHMO]
imaging assay
true
aspiration
Aspirating is the process of sample preparation that is to draw an amount of a liquid by suction and then expel the liquid. [Allotrope]
aspirating
true
measurement of pH
pH sensing
sensing of pH
The measurement of pH is the negative logarithm to base ten of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution, this measures the degree of acidity or alkalinity. Operationally the pH of a solution X, pH(X), is measured relative to that of a standard reference solution, pH(S), and defined as pH(X) = pH(S) - (E(X) - E(S))/(RT/F)ln 10, where E(X) and E(S) are the electromotive forces measured in cells containing the solution X and the reference solution respectively. [CHMO]
pH measurement
drying
sample drying
The process of removing a solvent from a substance. [CHMO]
drying
true
Washing is a process by which a material entity acting as contaminant (e.g. excess staining reagent) is removed by application of one or more cycles of solution in flow. [CHMO]
washing
true
luminescence detection
2018-08-09 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope]
The measurement of luminescence from a material. [Allotrope]
luminescence measurement
titrimetic analysis
titrimetry
Titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO]
titration
The measurement of thermodynamic parameters (e.g. enthalpy) during a chemical or biochemical reaction by the known variation (step-wise or linear) of one variable, whilst a second is kept constant. [CHMO]
scanning calorimetry
true
Priming is a type of cleaning that happens at the beginning of a period of time and results in the device being filled with the appropriate reagents. [Allotrope]
prime of a cell counter analyzer at the beginning of a day
priming
true
Inverting is a sample preparation step of mixing. It is homogenization by switching the y-axis of a sample several times, turning it upside down using a syringe. [Allotrope]
inverting
true
An electrochemical technique where the total Coulombs of electricity required to complete (fully oxidize or fully reduce the sample in) an electrochemical reaction is measured. [CHMO]
coulometry
coating method
The application of a thin cover to a material. [CHMO]
coating
ionization method
Ionization is a converting chemical reaction by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. [Wikipedia]
ionization
true
monitor
trend analysis
Trending is a process of monitoring that consists of collecting information and identifying underlying patterns. [Allotrope]
trending
E. de Hoffmann (1996). Tandem Mass Spectrometry: a Primer. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 31: 129–137.
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
SRM
Selected reaction monitoring is a multiple-stage mass spectrometry where data acquired from one or more specific product ions corresponding to m/z selected precursor ions are recorded via two or more stages of mass spectrometry. [IUPAC]
Selected reaction monitoring applied to multiple product ions from one or more precursor ions is known as multiple reaction monitoring. [IUPAC]
Selected reaction monitoring in multiple-stage mass spectrometry is known as consecutive reaction monitoring. [IUPAC]
selected reaction monitoring
open bed chromatography
open-bed chromatography
A chromatography method where the stationary phase is present as or on a plane. [CHMO]
planar chromatography
IR
IR absorption spectrometry
IR absorption spectroscopy
IR spectrometry
IR spectrophotometry
IR spectroscopy
infra-red absorption spectrometry
infra-red absorption spectroscopy
infra-red spectrometry
infra-red spectrophotometry
infrared (IR) spectroscopy
infrared absorption spectrometry
infrared spectrometry
infrared spectrophotometry
infrared spectroscopy
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the infrared region. [CHMO]
infrared absorption spectroscopy
NP-HPLC
normal phase HPLC
normal-phase HPLC
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles, and the inlet pressure is relatively high. In normal-phase HPLC, the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase. [CHMO]
normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
RRLC
RSLC
UFLC
UHPLC
UPLC
rapid resolution liquid chromatography
rapid separation liquid chromatography
ultra fast liquid chromatography
ultra performance liquid chromatography
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small (< 2 µm) particles and the inlet pressure is relatively high. [CHMO]
ultra high-performance liquid chromatography
true
laser interferometry
optical interferometry
The measurement of the properties of two or more lasers or waves by studying the pattern of interference created by their superposition. [CHMO]
interferometry
2019-09-09 Moved under data transformation and fixed definition. [Allotrope]
Chromatography data processing is a data transformation on chromatograms. [Allotrope]
chromatography data processing
J. B. Fenn, M. Mann, C. K. Meng, S. F. Wong, C. M. Whitehouse. Science 246, 64 (1989).
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
M. Dole, L. L. Mack, R. L. Hines, R. C. Mobley, L. D. Ferguson, M. B. Alice. J. Chem. Phys. 49, 2240 (1968).
ESI
ionspray
Spray ionization process in which either cations or anions in solution are transferred to the gas phase via formation and desolvation at atmospheric pressure of a stream of highly charged droplets that result from applying a potential difference between the tip of the electrospray needle containing the solution and a counter electrode. [IUPAC]
The term ionspray is deprecated unless describing the commercial product.
electrospray ionization
true
surface tensiometry
The measurement of the surface tension of a liquid. [CHMO]
tensiometry
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.
Nomenclature for thermal analysis - IV (Recommendations 1985), Mackenzie, R.C., Pure and Applied Chemistry 1985, 57(11), 1737
DSC
differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis
differential scanning calorimetric analysis
Differential scanning calorimetry is a thermal analysis method in which the difference in energy inputs into a substance and a reference material is measured as a function of temperature whilst the substance and reference material are subjected to a controlled temperature program. [IUPAC]
differential scanning calorimetry
HIC
Separation using HIC is based on the reversible interaction between a protein and the hydrophobic ligand bound to the chromatography matrix. [Allotrope]
hydrophobic interaction chromatography
true
The measurement of the viscosity of fluids by observing the relative motion of the fluid and an object. Viscometry is used to measure the molecular weight of polymers. [CHMO]
viscometry
preconcentration
A preparative step where the concentration of one component is increased. [CHMO]
concentrating
true
electronic absorbance measuring
electronic absorption detection
Electronic absorption measurement is a measurement that is based on the absorption of energy by electronic transitions. [Allotrope]
Detecting has some overlap with measuring. Usually measuring is the way detecting works, but detection as response from a sensor without quantitation is also possible. [Allotrope]
electronic absorbance measurement
true
subculturing
In biology, a subculture is a new cell or microbiological culture made by transferring some or all cells from a previous culture to fresh growth medium. This action is called subculturing or passaging the cells. Subculture is used to prolong the life and/or expand the number of cells or microorganisms in the culture. [Wikipedia]
passaging
true
TCD
thermal conductivity detection
thermal conductivity measuring
2018-08-09 Moved under measurement, and changed pref label [Allotrope]
A measuring that is sensitive to inorganic gases. A hot (450 deg. C) filament is used to heat a carrier gas containing the sample and the difference in thermal conductivity caused by the presence of the sample is measured. [CHMO]
thermal conductivity measurement
magnetic resonance method
A magnetic resonance assay is an assay that applies a technique which detects the response of spins to a perturbing magnetic field. [Allotrope]
magnetic resonance assay
clinical measurement
A quantitative or qualitative value which is the result of an act of assessing a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples, based on direct observation or experimental manipulation. [CMO]
clinical measurement method
Any technique used to measure the levels of oxygen in a sample. [CHMO]
oximetry
An experiment in which a separation method is coupled to a detection method in order to detect one or more different components of a sample. [CHMO]
separation method-detection method
UV-VIS-NIR
UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry
UV-Vis-NIR
UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy
UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy
UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy
UV-visible-near IR absorption spectroscopy
UV-visible-near IR spectroscopy
ultraviolet-visible-near infrared absorption spectroscopy
ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry
ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy
Spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (190-2000 nm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]
ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry
true
RI detection
RID
refractive index detection
refractive index measuring
2018-08-09 Moved under measurement, and changed pref label [Allotrope]
2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A refractive index measurement is a measuring based on the change in refractive index of a solution. Light is passed through a hollow prism and focused on a photocell. When a liquid containing the sample is allowed to flow through the prism, the light diverges from its original path and the change in intensity and angle of the transmitted light is measured. [CHMO]
refractive index measurement
CSP HPLC
CSP-HPLC
HPLC on a chiral stationary phase
chiral HPLC
chiral stationary phase high-pressure liquid chromatography
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small chiral particles and the inlet pressure is relatively high. [CHMO]
chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography
IR transmission spectroscopy
IR transmittance spectroscopy
infrared transmittance spectroscopy
transmission IR
Infrared transmission spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the transmission of infrared radiation (0.78-1000 µm) through a sample is detected. [CHMO]
infrared transmission spectroscopy
true
The irradiation of a liquid sample with sound (20-20 000 Hz) waves resulting in agitation. Sound waves propagate into the liquid media result in alternating high-pressure (compression) and low-pressure (rarefaction) cycles. During rarefaction, high-intensity sonic waves create small vacuum bubbles or voids in the liquid, which then collapse violently (cavitation) during compression, creating very high local temperatures. [CHMO]
sonication
true
measurement
2018-08-09 Changed definition [Allotrope]
Measuring is observing a property of an entity called a quantity, that has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference to another entity, and obtaining one or more quantity values for it. The observed entity is a quality or a disposition for a continuant, for a process it is a process property such as duration. [Allotrope]
measuring
true
data massaging
A term used meaning the processing and manipulation of the spectral data produced for the purposes of improving spectral appearance, change the signal to noise ratio (S/N), or resolution. The term is often collectively used in conjunction with line broadening, sharpening, averaging, smoothing. [Allotrope]
data apodization
true
cap-LC
capLC
Chromatography which takes place in a separation capillary and where the mobile phase is a liquid. [CHMO]
capillary liquid chromatography
true
colorimetric method
colourimetry
The determination of the spectral absorbance of a solution. This method is often used to determine the concentration of a chemical in a solution. [CHMO]
colorimetry
thermal analysis method
Thermal analysis is any measurement technique in which a physical property of the sample is measured as a function of temperature. [CHMO]
thermal analysis
Chromatography where the mobile phase contains a compound (the displacer) more strongly retained than the components of the sample under examination. The sample is fed into the system as a finite slug. [CHMO]
displacement chromatography
Liquid chromatography where the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase. This is the default for liquid chromatography. [CHMO]
normal-phase liquid chromatography
true
RPC
reverse phase chromatography
reverse-phase chromatography
reversed phase chromatography
A separation method where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary and non-polar, while the other is polar and moves in a definite direction. [CHMO]
reversed-phase chromatography
JCGM 200:2008 International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM)
Calibration is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy. [Wikipedia]
calibration
true
Pipeting transfers a given amount of liquid solution using a pipette, dropper or pipettor. [Allotrope]
pipeting
NIR absorbance spectrometry
NIR absorbance spectroscopy
NIRS
near infra-red absorbance spectrometry
near infra-red absorbance spectroscopy
near infra-red absorption spectrometry
near infra-red spectrometry
near infrared absorbance spectrometry
near infrared absorbance spectroscopy
near infrared absorption spectrometry
near infrared spectrometry
near infrared spectroscopy
near-infrared absorption spectroscopy
Near infrared absorption spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm). [CHMO]
near infrared absorption spectroscopy
IE-HPLC
IEX-HPLC
ion exchange HPLC
ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography
ion-exchange HPLC
ion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography
Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase consists of very small particles, the inlet pressure is relatively high and the separation is caused by differences in ion-exchange affinity. [CHMO]
ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography
true
The measurement of the velocity of a moving object or medium. [CHMO]
velocimetry
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
SIM
SIR
selected ion recording
Selected ion monitoring is mass spectrometry where the abundances of ions of one or more specific m/z values are recorded rather than the entire mass spectrum. [IUPAC]
selected ion monitoring
Headspace chromatography is a type of chromatography that uses the gaseous headspace above a sample for analysis because very light volatiles can be efficiently partitioned as they diffuse to the gas volume above. [Allotrope]
headspace chromatography
A mass spectrometry scan is a scan in a mass spectrometry run. [Allotrope]
mass spectrometry scan
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
MRM
Multiple reaction monitoring is a selected reaction monitoring applied to multiple product ions from one or more precursor ions. [IUPAC]
This term should not be confused with consecutive reaction monitoring, which involves the serial application of three or more stages of selected reaction monitoring. [IUPAC]
multiple reaction monitoring
true
Ion detection is detecting the presence of ions. [Allotrope]
ion detection
IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
Mass analysis is a measuring process by which a mixture of ionic or neutral species is identified according to their m/z values (ions), or their aggregate atomic masses (neutrals), and their relative abundances. The analysis may be qualitative and/or quantitative. [IUPAC]
mass analysis
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
Spray ionization is a ionization that involve dispersing the liquid into fine droplets as a component step. [IUPAC]
Most of these techniques are examples of atmospheric pressure ionization. [IUPAC]
spray ionization
multimodal chromatography
Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC), or multimodal chromatography, refers to chromatographic methods that utilize more than one form of interaction between the stationary phase and analytes in order to achieve separation. [Wikipedia]
mixed-mode chromatography
Signal averaging is a process of combining spectra of repeated measurements in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. [Allotrope]
signal averaging
true
Background measurement is the process of determination of the base level of signals without presence of a sample. [Allotrope]
background measurement of particle sizing in order to measure the electrical noise as well as laser scattering due to contamination of the optical parts or the dispersant
background measurement
tablet hardness testing
Tablet hardness testing is a laboratory technique used by the pharmaceutical industry to test the breaking point and structural integrity of a tablet under conditions of storage, transportation, and handling before usage. [Wikipedia]
Tablet hardness is a measure of robustness to further processing such as film coating. [Allotrope]
hardness test
The producing of vapor. [Allotrope]
vapor generation
true
A measurement that targets the pressure of some material entity. [Allotrope]
Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure pressure are called pressure gauges or vacuum gauges. A manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure, although the term is currently often used to mean any pressure measuring instrument. [Wikipedia]
pressure measurement
true
analysis
2020-03-23 Changed alt labels. [Allotrope]
A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluand, by physically examining it or its proxies. [OBI]
assay
true
Dedusting is the process of removal of dust. [Allotrope]
dedusting
Fingerprinting is the process of comparison or overlay of measured spectra with existing reference spectra. [Allotrope]
fingerprinting
The t-test is a process of quantifying the closeness of two sets of data points. It is defined as the ratio of the difference between the means of the two sets divided by the standard error of the difference. [Allotrope]
t-test
closed loop
The closed loop uses feedback control for the regulation of the vapor generation. The system continuously detects deviations from the target partial pressure and adjusts the vapor generation correspondingly. [Allotrope]
closed loop vapor generation
true
Sieve analysis is a process of particle sizing by filtering particles according to their size through sieves with decreasing pore size. [Allotrope]
sieve analysis
true
particle size analysis
particle size measurement
Particle sizing is an experimental method for the investigation of particle sizes in a sample. [Allotrope]
particle sizing
A disintegration test is a test to check the time that an object needs to disintegrate. [Allotrope]
disintegration test
true
Tube breeding is a process of cleaning vacuum tubes in order to remove any impurities. [Allotrope]
tube breeding
true
fluorescence assay
fluorescence detection
fluorescence measurement
2018-12-11 Changed labels [Allotrope]
An assay in which a materials fluorescence is determined. [VIVO-ISF]
fluorimetry
true
Packing is the process of transferring an object into a container as a densely packed phase. [Allotrope]
packing a column with the solid phase
packing a sample into a ssNMR rotor
packing
true
An concentration measurement is the determination of the concentration of a compound in solution. [Allotrope]
protein concentration measurement
quick slope, linearity measurement, UV measurement in which the cell pathlength is varied. [Allotrope].
simple read, i.e. simple measurement at a defined wavelength
concentration measurement
2020-03-09 Subclassed under controlling and fixed definition [Allotrope]
A pressure control is a controlling process that controls pressure of some material. [Allotrope]
pressure control
2020-03-09 Subclassed under controlling and fixed definition [Allotrope]
A temperature control is a controlling process that controls the temperature of some material. [Allotrope]
temperature control
A test can be considered a technical operation or procedure that consists of determination of one or more characteristics of a given product, process or service according to a specified procedure. Often a test is part of an experiment. The test result can be qualitative (yes/no), categorical, or quantitative (a measured value). It can be a personal observation or the output of a precision measuring instrument. [Wikipedia]
test
Compression is the act of reducing volume by applying a force. [Allotrope]
In the case of tablets it is the act of forming a solid plug from individual powder / granule components.
compression
A chromatography method where the separation is based on the adsorption to membranes. [Allotrope]
membrane chromatography
quantitation
In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into members of some set of numbers. [Wikipedia]
quantification
Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer. [Wikipedia]
data acquisition
true
A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. [Wikipedia]
structure determination
true
A process that affects the physical qualities of materials or creates, destroys or converts materials. [Allotrope]
material process
true
quality profile
A quality process profile is a process profile that covers the change of a quality of an independent continuant that is participant of the profiles process. [Allotrope]
suggested by Barry Smith, see comments on process profile
quality process profile
true
computation
computing
A calculation is a process by which a data transformation technique that involves problem solving for numbers or quantities is performed. [Allotrope]
calculation
true
Drawing is the process by which an object or liquid is extracted from a container or receptacle. [Allotrope]
drawing
true
The process boundary when the process ends. [Allotrope]
end
2019-09-20 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Mobile phase delivery is a process performed by a chromatography system in which the mobile phase is mixed and transported through the instrument for separation and detection. [Allotrope]
mobile phase delivery
true
A peak analysis is a data transformation on a peak that analyzes peak facets. [Allotrope]
peak analysis
true
pressure profile
2020-06-15 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope]
A pressure process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some pressure. [Allotrope]
pressure process profile
true
A ratio calculation is the process of performing the mathematical exercise of dividing a quotient of one quantity by another quotient to demonstrate the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. [Allotrope]
ratio calculation
The relative retention calculation is a process of performing the mathematical ratio quantification of the time a substance and a standard that remain in the stationary phase of a chromatography process. [Allotrope]
relative retention calculation
true
Specifying is a process that produces an information object which describes constraints or objectives on characteristics like qualities, functions, dispositions, facets of continuants or processes. [Allotrope]
specifying
true
temperature profile
2020-06-18 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope]
Temperature profile is a quality process profile that tracks temperature. [Allotrope]
temperature process profile
true
observation
sensing
Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. [Wikipedia]
observing
being contained
The state of keeping a flow within spatial limits. [Allotrope]
A vacuum bag contains debris vacuumed from a house. [NIST]
containing state
true
deliver
transmitting
Transferring is channeling a flow (material, energy, signal) from one place to another. [NIST]
transferring
true
channeling energy
conducting energy
energy transmission
Transmitting energy is transferring an energy from one place to another. [Allotrope, NIST]
transmitting energy
true
transferring signal
transmitting signal
Communicating is transferring information from one material entity to another. This can be by way of a material or energy connecting the entity or by transporting the material bearing the information between the locations. [Allotrope]
communicating
true
creating
creation
production
A process where some new material entity or information content entity does not exists at the start of the process but is existing at the end by way of the process. [Allotrope]
Producing is dependent on the granularity and perspective. Many producing processes are converting processes in a different granulary or perspective.
producing
consumption
A process where a essential material entity participant ceases to exist at the end and it was existing at the start. [Allotrope]
needs FOL for full axiomization
consuming
collecting energy
energy consumption
Consuming energy is a consuming that consumes energy. [Allotrope]
consuming energy
energy production
Producing energy is the producing of energy (from an unspecified energy source). [Allotrope]
This is a black box perspective on the process only focussing on the energy flow out of the system. Within the system, this is a conversion process because of the physical laws of conservation. [Allotrope]
producing energy
true
A process where an agent affects energy flowing in and out of a system or affecting the energetic state of materials. [Allotrope]
energetic process
Storing material is the storing of material. [Allotrope]
storing material
conserving energy
Storing energy is the storing of energy. [Allotrope]
storing energy
The process of copying the information in a signal into a persistent information bearer. [Allotrope]
recording
The process boundary when the process starts. [Allotrope]
start
material selection
The partitioning of some object aggregate. [Allotrope]
Selection does not necessarily involve physical separation.
selecting
Referencing is the process of mentioning or referring to an entity by using a denotation of the entity. [Allotrope]
referencing
material maintenance
Maintaining is a regulating process that keeps some or all of the characteristics of a material over time within a specification. [Allotrope]
maintaining
true
disconnecting
The process of causing a flow to no longer be topologically connected. [NIST]
1 input flow to n output flows
For data flows, branching does not mean that the input flow fully ceases to exist. [Allotrope]
branching
true
partioning
portioning
splitting
Dividing is a separating of flows focused on all parts of the flow. [Allotrope]
dividing
true
Separating by drawing, or forcibly pulling out, a flow that is of a different kind than that of the input flow. [Allotrope, NIST]
A vacuum cleaner extracts debris from the imported mixture and exports clean air to the environment. [NIST]
extracting
true
true
channeling
localization
spatial process
A processing that affects the spatial location or orientation of some participants. [Allotrope]
localizing
true
2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Importing is a localization that brings in a flow (material, energy, signal) from outside of a boundary to the inside. [Allotrope, NIST]
importing
true
Exporting is a channeling that sends a flow (material, energy, signal) from inside of a boundary to the outside. [Allotrope, NIST]
exporting
true
directing the course
Guiding is directing the course of a flow (material, energy, signal) along a specific path. [Allotrope, NIST]
guiding
true
Connecting is bringing two or more topological flows into connection. [Allotrope, NIST]
n input flows to 1 output flow
connecting
Coupling is connecting together material such that the members are still distinguishable from each other. [NIST]
coupling
Joining is the direct coupling of flows without any intermediary flow. [Allotrope]
joining
Linking is coupling flows together by means of an intermediary flow. [NIST]
linking
true
Controlling is changing or regulating a flow in its magnitude. [NIST, Allotrope]
controlling
true
activating
starting
switching on
turning on
Actuating is the process of commencing the flow of energy, signal, or material in response to an imported control signal. [NIST]
actuating
true
Regulating material is adjusting a quality of material in response to a control signal. [Allotrope]
regulating the temperature
regulating material
true
modification
modifying material
Changing is controlling a quality of the material in a predetermined and fixed manner. The identity of the material is maintained. [NIST]
changing material
forming
molding
Shaping is changing the material in regard to spatial form. [Allotrope]
shaping
decrementing magnitude
Decrementing is reducing the magnitude of a quality in a predetermined and fixed manner. [Allotrope]
decrementing
incrementing magnitude
Incrementing is enlarging the magnitude of a quality in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]
incrementing
http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf
A process boundary based on some physical characteristics at the start or end of some process changing these characteristics. [Allotrope]
achievement
http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf
A non-cumulative process (event) that is non-atomic. [DOLCE]
leaving a place
An accomplishment is the process of what is coming out instead of what is going on. (Aristoteles kinesis vs. energeia). [Allotrope]
accomplishment
true
http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf
A state is a homomeric, cumulative process in which all the temporal parts are described by the same expression used for the whole. [Allotrope]
corroding
state
collection
The act of gathering things together; having been brought together in one place. [NCI]
collecting
Arrival is the achievement of reaching the destination site in a moving process. [Allotrope]
arrival
keeping separated
A spatial change processing the increases the spatial distance from the start. [Allotrope]
repelling
staying in place
A state when material object keeps its spatial location and orientation. [Allotrope]
resting state
keeping close
A spatial change state the decreases the spatial distance at the end. [Allotrope]
attracting
true
insertion
A spatial processing of transferring material into a site. [Allotrope]
inserting material
true
A process that affects the topological connectedness or parthood of two or more flows. [Allotrope]
mereotopological process
distributing
distribution
A processing that causes a flow to break up into disconnected partitions. The individual bits are similar to each other and the undistributed material. [Allotrope]
partitioning
A state of keeping two materials topologically disconnected by a separation medium. [Allotrope]
blocking
Departure is the achievement of leaving the source site in a moving process. [Allotrope]
departure
true
orienting
spatial alignment
An achievement that aims for a specific the spatial location and orientation of a material entity. [Allotrope]
positioning
transducing
Changing from one form of a flow energy to another. [NIST]
A motor converts energy into mechanical energy.
converting energy
incrementing energy
loading
Increasing the amount of energy in a system. [Allotrope]
charging
decrementing energy
unloading
discharging
true
deactivating
impeding
turning off
Stopping it the process of ceasing or preventing the transfer of a flow. [NIST]
A reflective coating on a window stops the transmission of UV radiation through a window. [NIST]
stopping
true
importing signal
A process that transports a signal across a system boundary into the system. [Allotrope]
receiving
exporting signal
A process that transports a signal across a system boundary out of the system. [Allotrope]
sending
The state of perceiving or becoming aware of a signal. [Allotrope]
sensing state
The process of transforming a signal into a visual signal (color, pattern). [Allotrope]
displaying
The achievement that a signal has left a source in an information transmission. [Allotrope]
emission
fixing
securing
supporting
A state of supporting a material to stay in a location or orientation. [Allotrope]
holding in place
The accomplishment that a transferred signal reaches at its designated target. [Allotrope]
reception
true
cognitive process
A physical process that occurs in the mind of a sentient being and is processing information. [Allotrope]
mental process
true
rate profile
2020-06-18 Changed labels and fixed definition [Allotrope]
A rate profile is a process profile, which are changes to ratios of determinate quality magnitudes over time. [Allotrope]
suggested by Barry Smith, see comments on process profile
rate process profile
true
cyclic rate profile
2020-06-18 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
A cyclic rate profile is a rate profile of a process that follows a cyclic pattern. [Allotrope]
cyclic rate process profile
A state s with participating materials m1 and m2, and m1 is not connected to m2. [Allotrope]
disconnected state
true
being connected
is connected
A state s with participating materials m1 and m2 and m1 is connected to m2. [Allotrope]
connected state
The state of material becoming liquid from a solid. [Allotrope]
melting
The state of material becoming solid from liquid. [Allotrope]
solidifying
flowing
A state when material is changing its position in space. [Allotrope]
moving
true
Changing is controlling a quality of energy in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]
changing energy
true
conveying
material transportation
shifting
transferring material
Transporting is channeling by shifting, or conveying, a material from one place to another. [NIST]
transporting material
The state when the role of a signal is realized independent of any other material entity that may sense (perceive) the signal. [Allotrope]
indicating state
signal acquisition
The process of sensing signals and recording the information in the signals. [Allotrope]
tracking
Sorting is the dividing of material by an ordering criteria. [Allotrope]
sorting material
removal
Taking away a part of a flow from its prefixed place. [NIST]
removing
true
assembling
Combining is the building of a whole out of parts. [Allotrope]
combining
energizing
providing energy
supplying energy
State of making energy available for a consumer. [Allotrope]
energizing state
true
Regulating is the adjusting of a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]
Turning the valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid flowing from a faucet. [NIST]
regulating
true
modifying
Changing is a processing by which an entity gains or looses parts, qualities, roles, dispositions, functions etc in a predetermined and fixed manner but maintains its identity. [Allotrope]
changing
Indicating is signaling to make something known to the user about a flow. [NIST]
indicating
A test that verifies that some quality is within a specification. [Allotrope]
material test
analysis
analyte assay
An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration or amount of an analyte in the evaluand. [OBI]
analysis assay
true
A separating of materials. [Allotrope]
separating material
true
Assessing is evaluating or estimating a quality or behavior. [Allotrope]
assessing
true
Image analysis is the discovering of patterns in an image that are correlated to qualities of the material entity the image represents or of abstract patterns. [Allotrope]
image analysis
true
2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A temperature measurement is a measurement that targets the temperature of some material entity. [Allotrope]
temperature measurement
storing
Storing is containing or collecting flows to accumulate. [NIST]
storing state
true
producing signal
Signaling is the process of providing information on a material, energy or signal flow as an output signal. [NIST]
signaling
supplying
A supplying state is a providing state that makes energy or material available for processing or consumption. [Allotrope]
In a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to the bulb. [NIST]
supplying state
Consuming signal is consuming of signals. [Allotrope]
consuming signal
true
An assay that examines physical qualities of material. [Allotrope]
physical characterization assay
providing
Providing is the state of accumulating or supplying a material or energy flow. [NIST]
providing state
collecting
A storing state that brings a flow together at one place. [NIST]
Solar panels collect ultraviolet sun rays to power small mechanisms. [NIST]
collecting state
true
Converting is a process that changes from one form of a flow (material, energy, signal) to another. [NIST]
converting
true
Changing from one form of a flow material to another. [NIST]
converting material
true
Interpolation is the constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. [Wikipedia]
interpolation
true
A peak analysis that determines the peak height following a specified algorithm. [Allotrope]
peak height analysis
true
A peak analysis that determines the peak width following a specified algorithm. [Allotrope]
peak width analysis
true
adding
summing
Totaling is the calculation of a sum or an integral. [Allotrope]
totaling
Sorting is distributing flows based on some associated physical quality or entity into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [Allotrope]
sorting
true
extracting material
A spatial process of removing a material from a site. [Allotrope]
removing material
true
importing material
Delivering material is the importing of material to a location or site. [Allotrope]
delivering material
exporting material
taking material
Taking material is the exporting of material from a location or site. [Allotrope]
taking
true
Pumping is a material transport of fluids by suction or pressure or both. [Allotrope]
pumping
true
aggregating data
collecting data
data aggregation
A data transformation that assigns some data to a collection. [Allotrope]
data collection
true
Ordering data is the process of arranging data items systematically. [Allotrope]
ordering data
Denoting is a process that assigns a symbol to an entity in order to reference it. [Allotrope]
denoting
true
Describing is a process by which an account of some relevant characteristics, qualities or events of an entity are given or presented. [Allotrope]
describing
Identifying is recognizing an entity by some criteria and assigning an identifier to the entity. [Allotrope]
identifying
true
Indexing is the process of organizing data according to a specific plan, usually to streamline data retrieval. [Allotrope]
assigning a sequence of numbers to data items
indexing
reflecting
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. [Wikipedia]
reflection
regular reflection
Specular reflection is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface. In this process, each incident ray is reflected, with the reflected ray having the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray. [Wikipedia]
specular reflection
Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal luminance when viewed from all directions lying in the half-space adjacent to the surface. [Wikipedia]
diffuse reflection
Scattering is a general physical process where some forms of radiation, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more paths due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass. [Wikipedia]
scattering
deflection
A deflection, in physics, refers to the change in an objects' acceleration as a consequence of contact (collision) with a surface or the influence of a field. [Wikipedia]
deflecting
Significantly restraining a flow, though a portion of the flow continues to be transferred. [NIST]
The structures of space vehicles inhibits the flow of radiation to protect crew and cargo.
inhibiting
Keeping a flow from happening. [NIST]
A submerged gate on a dam wall prevents water from flowing to the other side. [NIST]
preventing
true
data processing
2019-09-09 Add alt label 'data processing'. [Allotrope]
A converting process that converts the signals from one form into another by changing its content. [Allotrope]
data transformation
comparison
The observation or assessment of the similarities or dissimilarities between two things. [Allotrope]
comparing
Assigning is the producing of an assignment that asserts some relation between entities. [Allotrope]
assigning
peak assigning
peak assignment
2018-08-01 Changed label and definition
Peak identification is an assigning of a peak to an analyte or portion of an analyte of interest. [Allotrope]
peak identification
true
Peak detection is a data transformation that finds peaks in a data distribution function. [Allotrope]
peak detection
true
An activity is a process that is cumulative but not homomeric. [Allotrope, DOLCE]
Same as process in DOLCE. [Allotrope]
activity
Containing is the state of keeping an object in the inside of a cavity. [Allotrope]
containing
A measuring that targets the number density. [Allotrope]
number density measurement
true
Cell density measurement is a measurement of the number density of cells. [Allotrope]
cell density measurement
true
Cell counting is the counting of cells. [Allotrope]
cell counting
Sampling is the process of taking parts or partitions of an object aggregate or data set for the interest for studying it. [Allotrope]
sampling
Sampling data is sampling on a set of data items. [Allotrope]
sampling data
Descriptive statistics is the process of using and analyzing descriptive statistics. A descriptive statistic is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features of a collection of information. [Wikipedia]
descriptive statistics
inference
Inferring is a process that produces logical consequences by steps of reasoning, moving from premises. [Wikipedia]
inferring
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to deduce properties of an underlying probability distribution. [Wikipedia]
statistical inference
labeling
Marking is changing some quality of a material so that it concretizes a symbol. [Allotrope]
marking a square on the board
modifying a sample to be a marker
marking
Dispersed state is a state of a system in which discrete particles of one material are dispersed in a continuous phase of another material. [Allotrope]
dispersed state
Degradation is the state of changing in the qualities of a material under the influence of one or more environmental factors such as heat, light or chemicals such as acids, alkalies and some salts to a lower level of quality. [Allotrope]
degradation
approval
approval process
Approving is agreeing to a proposition or accepting something as satisfactory towards an set objective. [Allotrope]
approving
Deciding is making a choice from a set of alternatives. [Allotrope]
deciding
A signing is attaching a signature to an information content entity. The signature is an identifier for the agent doing the signing. [Allotrope]
signing
submission
Submitting is the transferring of a material or information from a sender (the submitter) to a receiver with the intent that the receiver acts on the transferred entity towards an objective stated by the submitter. [Allotrope]
the submitting of a report for approval
the submitting of a sample for analysis
submitting
Shortening a passage or a write-up without changing its meaning but by using different words and sentences. [Wikipedia]
summarizing
reducing data
Data reduction is the transformation of numerical or alphabetical digital information derived empirically or experimentally into a corrected, ordered, and/or simplified form. [Wikipedia]
data reduction
Data aggregation is a data reduction that applies an aggregating function on the data to produce an aggregated (summary) datum from a collection of data items. [Allotrope]
averaging
totaling a sum
data aggregation
Averaging is the calculation of a mean statistic or a temporal average value. [Allotrope]
averaging
Post injection needle washing is an injection needle washing that is done before using the needle for an injection. [Allotrope]
pre injection needle washing
Post injection needle washing is an injection needle washing that is done after using the needle for an injection. [Allotrope]
post injection needle washing
needle washing
Injection needle washing is the washing of an injection needle. [Allotrope]
injection needle washing
detecting
is detecting
A detecting state is a state that occurs when a detector detects its detection target. [Allotrope]
detecting state
executing
executing state
is executing
is running
running
A running state is a state during which a device or service performs its specified function in normal operation. [Allotrope]
running state
injection
Injecting is the forceful loading of a fluid into the interior of some other object. [Allotrope]
injecting
idle
is idle
An idle state is a state during which a device or service waits for being started to execute a planned process. [Allotrope]
idle state
completed
is completed
A completed state is a state during which a planned process has run to completion and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope]
completed state
is paused
paused
A paused state is a state during which a device or service waits for being resumed to continue a planned process. [Allotrope]
paused state
aborted
is aborted
An aborted state is a state during which a planned process has run to completion in an abnormal way and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope]
aborted state
is stopped
stopped
A completed state is a state during which a planned process has run to an end and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope]
stopped state
held
is held
A held state is a state during which a device or service waits for a longer time e.g. for maintenance. [Allotrope]
held state
A process state is a state where a device or service is executing a planned process or is in a specific configuration. [Allotrope]
The subclasses follow the model of ISA-S88. [Allotrope]
These classes are mainly used in procedure specifications or conditions. [Allotrope]
process state
DAD process
A process executed by a diode array detector. [Allotrope]
diode array detector process
pumping system process
A process executed by a pump system. [Allotrope]
pump system process
A process executed by an autosampler. [Allotrope]
autosampler process
A process that is executed by an LC-UV system. [Allotrope]
LC-UV system process
Monitoring is an observing of a quality important for the successful and/or safe operation of a controlled process. [Allotrope]
monitoring
time domain zero filling
zero filling
zero padding
Time domain zero padding is a data transformation used in Fourier transformation by padding the time domain with zero values. [Allotrope]
time domain zero padding
true
GC injection
GC sample introduction
gas chromatography sample introduction
Gas chromatography injection is the process of loading a sample into a gas chromatography system. [Allotrope]
gas chromatography injection
true
Splitless injection is a GC injection whereby the carrier gas sweeps the volatilized sample onto the GC column for a specified period of time before diverting the remaining sample to waste. [Allotrope]
splitless injection
true
Split injection is a GC injection whereby a fraction of the volatilized sample is swept onto the GC column with the remaining split/swept to waste. [Allotrope]
split injection
true
Packed injection is a GC injection type whereby all of the volatilized sample is swept onto the GC column. [Allotrope]
packed injection
being coated
is coated
2020-06-18 Changed definition and subclassing. [Allotrope]
Coated state is the covering state when a substance covers the surface of another substance firmly. [Allotrope]
coated state
sequence
A sequential process is a composite process that has sequential subprocesses as occurrent parts. The starts of all subprocesses occur in sequential order. The ends of all subprocesses occur at the end of the sequential process at the latest. [Allotrope]
sequential process
analysis sequence
A sequential analysis process is a planned sequential process that has analytical subprocesses as sequential occurrent parts. [Allotrope]
sequential analysis process
A linear calibration is an analyte calibration that applies curve fitting of the calibration curve to a linear function. [Allotrope]
linear calibration
power calibration
An exponential calibration is an analyte calibration that applies curve fitting of the calibration curve to an exponential function. [Allotrope]
exponential calibration
A polynomial calibration is an analyte calibration that applies curve fitting of the calibration curve to a polynomial function. [Allotrope]
polynomial calibration
duration measurement
duration measuring
time measuring
A time measurement is a measurement of the duration of some process which is a quantification of the magnitude of the time region between the start and the end of the process in relation to some recurring process involving a clock. [Allotrope]
time measurement
reference profile
A calibration reference profile is a process profile with a known, repeatable temporal pattern, that is a reference for calibration of a time or rate measurement device. [Allotrope]
calibration reference profile
adjustment
Adjusting is a process of slightly changing something with the purpose to achieve an agreement with a set of specifications. [Allotrope]
adjusting
true
standard processing
A sample preparation process is a planned process that prepares a portion of material for being used in a calibration standard role. [Allotrope]
standard preparation
calibration
Analyte calibration is producing a calibration curve from measurements of known amounts of analyte that will be used as measurement function for the measurement of unknown amounts of analytes. [Allotrope]
analyte calibration
This is not to be confused with calibration [AFP_0002389], which is the calibration of a measurement device. [Allotrope]
mass analysis
mass selection
Ion selection is dividing ions according to their mass to charge ratio in a mass analyzer. [Allotrope]
ion selection
2020-12-11 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
chemical reaction
reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical species. [IUPAC]
chemical reaction (molecular)
Chemical reactions may be elementary reactions or stepwise reactions. (It should be noted that this definition includes experimentally observable interconversions of conformers.) Detectable chemical reactions normally involve sets of molecular entities as indicated by this definition, but it is often conceptually convenient to use the term also for changes involving single molecular entities (i.e. 'microscopic chemical events'). [IUPAC]
true
An ion reaction is a chemical reaction that has ion participants. [Allotrope]
ion reaction
LC/MS reaction monitoring data processing
LC-MS reaction monitoring data processing is a data processing for analyzing samples using MRM technologies. [Allotrope]
LC-MS reaction monitoring data processing
Constant pressure mobile phase delivery is a mobile phase delivery process whereby the mobile phase is delivered by maintaining a constant pressure of the mobile phase. [Allotrope]
constant pressure mobile phase delivery
material combination
Combining material is a combing process that combines two or more materials in to a new material. [Allotrope]
combining material
interpolation
Interpolation is a calculation that calculates a calculated measure from a primary measure by applying a measurement function that is derived from a calibration curve. [Allotrope]
interpolation (calibration)
The measurement function of a calibration curve can be got by curve fitting a function to a set of calibration points. Applying the function at abscissa coordinates that are part of the discrete calibration points, can be interpreted as interpolation. [Allotrope]
Nebulizing is converting by of breaking up solutions and suspensions into small aerosol droplets. [Wikipedia]
nebulizing
Background correction is a data transformation designed to remove irrelevant contributions from the measured signal, e.g. those due to instrument noise or sample preparation. [BAO]
background correction
Data extraction is a data transformation process whereby specific data is taken out of a larger set of data and presented in a usable format. [Allotrope]
data extraction
HPLC system process
A high performance liquid chromatography system process is a process that is executed on a high performance liquid chromatography system. [Allotrope]
high performance liquid chromatography system process
The process is the technical implementation process on the HPLC system that implements the separation by HPLC. [Allotrope]
true
instrument process
A device process is a planned process that realizes a function by a device or device system. [Allotrope]
device process
A device process focuses on an implementation perspective.
repetition
A repeated process is a composite process that has occurrent parts of subprocesses following the same plan. [Allotrope]
repeated process
true
Reporting is an information process that produces a report. [Allotrope]
reporting
A project is a planned process that is undertaken or attempted to meet some requirement. [Allotrope]
project
An experiment is a planned process that has the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis. [SIO]
experiment
A thermal event is an event where a significant change of some material quality occurs at a temperature of that material or that of its environment. [Allotrope]
thermal event
true
An event is an occurrent that is an accomplishment or an achievement. [Allotrope]
event
A precipitation titration is a titration in which the analyte is precipitated by the titrant. [Allotrope]
precipitation titration
Preventative maintenance is a proactive maintenance of a device involving inspection, testing and preemptive replacement of parts likely to fail before the preventative maintenance activity. [Allotrope]
preventative maintenance
Titrant standardization is the accurate and precise determination of the concentration of a titrant. [Allotrope]
titrant standardization
addition rate profile
An addition rate process profile is a rate process profile that is an occurrent part of an material addition process. [Allotrope]
addition rate process profile
volume profile
A volume process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some volume. [Allotrope]
volume process profile
adding
addition
addition (material)
material addition
Adding is loading material into a container where it is combined with existing material. [Allotrope]
adding (material)
flow rate profile
A material flow rate process profile is a rate process profile that is the change of amount of material being transferred through an area. [Allotrope]
material flow rate process profile
is covered
Covered state is a connected state where something is located on the surface of another thing and prevents some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope]
covered state
Covering is a joining process where the joining is on to the surface in such way that it is preventing some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope]
covering
SQDMS
Single quadrupole mass spectrometry is a quadrupole mass spectrometry using a single quadrupole mass analyzer. [Allotrope]
single quadrupole mass spectrometry
Constant flow rate mobile phase delivery is a mobile phase delivery process whereby the mobile phase is delivered by maintaining a constant flow rate of the mobile phase. [Allotrope]
constant flow rate mobile phase delivery
Overhead stirring is stirring that is achieved by rotating a stirring rod with a paddle, anchor or propeller end by an overhead motor in a solution. [Allotrope]
overhead stirring
A stirring rate process profile is a cyclic rate process profile of the changing rotation speed of the stirrer in the liquid. [Allotrope]
stirring rate process profile
heat transfer coefficient profile
A heat transfer coefficient process profile is a rate process profile of the ratio of the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat. [Allotrope]
heat transfer coefficient process profile
angular velocity profile
An angular velocity process profile is a quality process profile of how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point. [Wikipedia]
angular velocity process profile
area profile
A volume process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some area. [Allotrope]
area process profile
cooling rate process profile
cooling rate profile
heating (cooling) rate process profile
heating (cooling) rate profile
heating or cooling rate profile
heating rate process profile
heating rate profile
A heating or cooling rate process profile is a rate process profile of the heating/cooling rate of an object. [Allotrope]
heating or cooling rate process profile
The temperature process profile tracks the temperature change. This tracks the change of the change in temperature (2nd derivative).
An approval state is a state where information content such as a specification is allowed or is suitable by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope]
approval state
approved
approved state
Is approved is an approval state where information content such as a specification is approved by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope]
is approved
denied
denied state
Is denied is an approval state where information content such as a specification is denied by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope]
is denied
A BET analysis is a measuring process for calculating surface area based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory of multiple adsorption layers. [Allotrope]
BET analysis
Nephelometry is a measuring of suspended particulates in a liquid or gas colloid usually by employing a light beam (source beam) and a light detector set to one side (often 90°) of the source beam. [Allotrope]
nephelometry
DSC cycle
cycle for DSC
A cycle in differential scanning calorimetry is a segment of the calorimetry run with its own specific heating ramp. [Allotrope]
differential scanning calorimetry cycle
Hygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment. [Wikipedia]
hygroscopy
DVS
Dynamic vapor sorption is a gravimetric technique that measures how quickly and how much of a solvent is absorbed by a sample. It does this by varying the vapor concentration surrounding the sample and measuring the change in mass which this produces. [Wikipedia]
dynamic vapor sorption
electrolytic conductivity detection
An electrolytic conductivity measurement is a measurement of the electrolytic conductivity of a material. [Allotrope]
electrolytic conductivity measurement
qNMR
Quantitative NMR spectroscopy is an analytic assay that applies nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantity analysis. [Allotrope]
quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
qPCR
real-time PCR
real-time polymerase chain reaction
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a quantitative analytical assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR. [Allotrope]
quantitative polymerase chain reaction
PAC, 1997, 69, 1251. (Glossary of terms used in bioinorganic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1997))
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction is a synthesis to rapidly amplify pre-determined regions of double-stranded DNA. Generally involves the use of a heat-stable DNA polymerase. [IUPAC]
polymerase chain reaction
coloring
Dyeing is the changing of the color of some material. [Allotrope]
dyeing
Baseline determination is a data transformation that calculates or assigns a baseline to a curve. [Allotrope]
baseline determination
Imaging is a process that produces an image of something. [Allotrope]
imaging
standard curve
standard curve experiment
A standard curve qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that measures prepared samples and standards to determine absolute DNA target quantity in samples. [Allotrope]
standard curve qPCR experiment
relative standard curve
relative standard curve experiment
A relative standard curve qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that measures relative quantity by comparison of diluted samples and known target DNA. [Allotrope]
relative standard curve qPCR experiment
comparative CT experiment
comparative cycle threshold qPCR experiment
∆∆CT
A comparative CT experiment is an experiment using qPCR that determines relative target quantity in samples. Samples are compared to a normalized target quantity to determine relative quantity of the sample. [Allotrope]
comparative CT qPCR experiment
comparative CT
melt curve
melt curve experiment
A melt curve qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that identifies non-specific PCR amplification by evaluating the melting temperature of the DNA target. [Allotrope]
melt curve qPCR experiment
genotyping
genotyping experiment
A genotyping qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that identifies known mutations in a DNA Sample. DNA primers are used to target and identify specific alleles in a sample. [Allotrope]
genotyping qPCR experiment
presence/absence
presence/absence experiment
A presence/absence qPCR experiment is an experiment using qPCR that identifies if DNA targets are present in samples. [Allotrope]
presence/absence qPCR experiment
A bulk density obtained by mechanically tapping a cylinder containing the powder sample until no more change in volume occurs. [NCI]
powder tap density
A bulk density for untapped powder sample. [Allotrope]
powder bulk density
A qPCR experiment is an experiment that uses qPCR to achieve its goals. [Allotrope]
qPCR experiment
evacuating
Evacuating is the removing of gasses from a container to create a vacuum. [Allotrope]
evacuating (chem)
NIR
NIR spectrometry
NIR spectrophotometry
NIR spectroscopy
NIR transmission spectrometry
NIR transmission spectroscopy
near infra-red spectrometry
near infra-red spectrophotometry
near infra-red transmission spectrometry
near infra-red transmission spectroscopy
near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy
near infrared spectrometry
near infrared spectrophotometry
near infrared spectroscopy
near infrared transmission spectrometry
Near infrared transmission spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the transmission of near infrared radiation (0.8-2 µm) through a sample is detected. [CHMO]
near infrared transmission spectroscopy
FBRM
fbrm
Focused beam reflectance measurement is a measuring process using a focused laser beam at a fixed speed of rotation to calculate particle chord lengths via detection of the backscattered light pulses. [Allotrope]
focused beam reflectance measurement
A heat flow process profile is a rate process profile that is the change in heat flow through a material entity. [Allotrope]
heat flow process profile
mass profile
A mass process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some mass. [Allotrope]
mass process profile
concentration profile
A concentration process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some concentration. [Allotrope]
concentration process profile
pH profile
A pH process profile is a quality process profile that tracks some pH. [Allotrope]
pH process profile
A configuration process profile is a quality process profile that tracks the configuration of a system or device. [Allotrope]
configuration process profile
Shaking is a mixing process involving short rapid motions of the material inside a container. [Allotrope]
shaking
luminescence profile
A luminescence process profile is a profile that quantifies the luminescence of a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
luminescence process profile
Area scanning is scanning at positions defined by a two-dimensional pattern over an area. [Allotrope].
area scanning
A read is a process boundary within a measuring where a data about the measured object is captured. [Allotrope]
A read at regular time intervals during the measurement of a process profile. [Allotrope]
Multiple reads for statistics and error corrections. [Allotrope]
read
disintegrated
Disintegrated state is a state of an object when its has turned into an aggregate of small, separated pieces. [Allotrope]
disintegrated state
disintegration
Disintegrating is a break a material into small, separate parts. [Allotrope]
disintegrating
Disconnecting is a branching process that removes the connection between parts of a flow so that they become topologically separate. [Allotrope]
disconnecting
true
factor
fraction
proportion
relative amount
A ratio is a relational quality that is the proportion of the magnitude of two qualities of the same kind. [Allotrope]
ratio
true
chromatography column length
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
The length of a chromatography column bed. [Allotrope]
chromatography column length (quality)
true
column inner diameter
dc
inner diameter
2020-06-22 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope]
Column inner diameter is the inner diameter of a column. [Allotrope]
column inner diameter (quality)
true
inner diameter
2020-06-22 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
The inner diameter is the diameter at the inside. [Allotrope]
opening of the soller slit
inner diameter (quality)
true
Orange Book: IUPAC Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.
PAC, 1993, 65, 819. Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)
relative retention
relative retention time
Relative retention time is a ratio quality of the adjusted or net retention time of a component relative to that of a standard, obtained under identical conditions. [Allotrope]
relative retention time (quality)
true
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
Quality of a material entity of cylindrical or tubular shape which describes its length along its main (non-circular) dimension. [Allotrope]
cylinder length
cylinder length (quality)
true
granularity (material)
particle size
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
2020-12-07 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
Quality of an independent continuant which describes the dimensions of an individual particle. [Allotrope]
particle size (quality)
A detection wavelength quality is a device setting which determines the wavelength range that a detector of electromagnetic radiation detects. [Allotrope]
detection wavelength
A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. [PATO]
distance
configuration
device configuration
device setting
setting
system setting
2018-12-05 Changed pref label [Allotrope]
2020-03-24 Generalized configuration quality to include systems. [Allotrope]
A configuration is a range of determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in some part of a device or system that influence participants in some of the functions of the device or system including the device or system itself. [Allotrope]
detector wavelength is a device configuration of a specific detector assembly, e.g. optical filters or of a controller in the detector to detect certain ranges of wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum
system configuration
Quality of a bearer which describes the bearer's efficiency in terms of useful output energy. [Allotrope]
heat rate
linear velocity
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
Quality of velocity inhering in a bearer which is traveling in a straight line, meaning its direction is not changing. [Allotrope]
linear velocity (quality)
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its rotational force. [Allotrope]
torque
voltage
2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
A quality which inheres in an independent continuant which has a difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge. [Wikipedia]
voltage (quality)
current
current (quality)
electric current
2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
2020-07-27 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to conduct an electrical charge. [Allotrope]
electric current (quality)
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its material properties pertaining to temperature. [Allotrope]
thermal quality
thermal conductivity
A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. [Wikipedia]
thermal conductivity (quality)
heat capacity
thermal capacity
2020-03-23 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
Heat capacity is a thermal quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its resistance or ability to change its temperature based on a change to the heat added or removed from said object (ratio of head added or removed from an object to the resulting temperature change). [Wikipedia]
heat capacity (quality)
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its emissivity, which is defined as a material's effectiveness in emitting energy as thermal radiation. [Wikipedia]
radiative emissivity
true
PAC, 1990, 62, 2167 (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990))
PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996))
absorbance
Absorbance is the logarithm of the ratio of intensities of electromagnetic radiation on both sides of a medium that the radiation passes through. Lambert-Beer's law states that absorbance is equal to the product of molar coefficient of absorbance of an absorbing compound in a medium times its concentration in the medium times path length of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the medium. [Allotrope]
absorbance (quality)
focal distance
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how strongly the bearer converges or diverges light. [Wikipedia]
focal length
PAC, 2007, 79, 293 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006))
reflectance factor
reflectivity
Reflectance is an optical quality that is the fraction of incident radiation reflected by a surface or discontinuity. [IUPAC]
reflectance (quality)
electromagnetic radiation quality
A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. [Wikipedia]
electrical and magnetic quality
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
electric resistance
resistance
resistance (quality)
2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
2020-01-23 Changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope]
Electric resistance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the electric potential difference divided by the electric current when there is no electromotive force in the conductor. [IUPAC]
electric resistance (quality)
Quality of a object or substance with the property of resisting opposing the flow of an electrical current. [NCI]
true
material state
A state of matter is a quality of material that is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known to exist only in extreme situations, such as Bose-Einstein condensates, neutron-degenerate matter, and quark-gluon plasma, which only occur in situations of extreme cold, extreme density, and extremely high-energy color-charged matter respectively. [Wikipedia]
state of matter
true
solid state of matter
A state of matter, in which particles are closely packed together. The forces between particles are strong so that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape, and a definite volume. Solids can only change their shape by force, as when broken or cut. [Wikipedia]
solid
true
liquid state of matter
A state of matter that is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. [Wikipedia]
liquid
true
gaseous
gaseous state of matter
A state of matter that is a compressible fluid. Not only will a gas conform to the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the container. In a gas, the molecules have enough kinetic energy so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small (or zero for an ideal gas), and the typical distance between neighboring molecules is much greater than the molecular size. A gas has no definite shape or volume, but occupies the entire container in which it is confined. [Wikipedia]
gas
true
plasma state of matter
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its plasma is a state of matter, that is, it does not have definite shape or volume. Unlike gases, plasmas are electrically conductive, produce magnetic fields and electric currents, and respond strongly to electromagnetic forces. Positively charged nuclei swim in a "sea" of freely-moving disassociated electrons, similar to the way such charges exist in conductive metal. [Wikipedia]
plasma
true
Shear modulus is a ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. It is a quantity for measuring the stiffness of materials. The shear modulus is concerned with the deformation of a material. [Wikipedia]
shear modulus
true
zero shear modulus
A zero shear modulus is a determinate shear modulus with zero magnitude. [Allotrope]
shear modulus of zero magnitude
true
supercritical fluid state of matter
A gaseous state of matter in which temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears. [Wikipedia]
supercritical fluid
true
gel state of matter
A gel is a solid state of matter of jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. [Wikipedia]
gel
true
2020-12-07 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
A particle size above one micrometer is a determinate quality of particle size that has a determinate magnitude of greater that one micrometer. Magnitude of particle size can be measured in different ways such as based on diameter of spherical objects. [Allotrope]
particle size above one micrometer
true
Exact mass is a quality of mass of an isotopic species that is obtained by summing the masses of the individual isotopes of the molecule. [Wikipedia]
exact mass
Thermodynamic property of a real gas that, if substituted for the pressure or partial pressure in the equations for an ideal gas, gives equations applicable to the real gas. [Wikipedia]
fugacity
Property that inheres in an independent continuant having to do with sound or hearing. [NCI]
acoustic quality
Frequency response is the quantitative measure of the output spectrum of a system or device in response to a stimulus, and is used to characterize the dynamics of the system. It is a measure of magnitude and phase of the output as a function of frequency, in comparison to the input. [Wikipedia]
frequency response
An unintended or unpleasant sound that emanates from a device. [NCI]
audible device noise
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the geometrical orientation of the oscillations of a transverse wave. [Allotrope]
polarization
true
D. Schulze: Powders and Bulk Solids, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg (2008).
Flowability is the quality of material to move by flow. [Allotrope]
flowability
Friction is a quality of an object which is resisting the force the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements produce when sliding against each other. [Wikipedia]
friction
Ionization polarity is a device configuration of a ionization source whether the ions charge is negative or positive. [Allotrope]
ionization polarity
negative polarity
Polarity of the ionization is negative. [Allotrope]
negative ionization polarity
positive polarity
Polarity of the ionization is positive. [Allotrope]
positive ionization polarity
alternating polarity
Polarity of the ionization is alternating between positive and negative. [Allotrope]
alternating ionization polarity
Amount of substance is a quality inhered in a portion of material that is a size that is proportional to the number of elementary entities present. [Allotrope]
amount of substance
true
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "mass concentration". doi:10.1351/goldbook.M03713
mass concentration
2018-12-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
Mass concentration is a concentration that is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [IUPAC]
mass concentration (quality)
true
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
amount concentration
amount concentration (quality)
amount of substance concentration
molar concentration
molarity
molarity (quality)
substance concentration
substance concentration (quality)
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2020-05-11 Changed pref label to molar concentration. [Allotrope]
2020-06-18 Added alt labels. [Allotrope]
Molar concentration is the ratio of molar amount of a substance divided by volume of mixture containing the amount of substance. [Allotrope]
molar concentration (quality)
true
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
volume fraction
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
The volume fraction is a fraction pertaining the volume of a constituent divided by the total volume of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]
volume fraction (quality)
PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) on page 841
dead volume
The hold-up volume is the volume of the mobile phase required to elute a component the concentration of which in the stationary phase is negligible compared to that in the mobile phase. In other words, this component is not retained at all by the stationary phase. Thus, the hold-up volume is equal to the retention volume of an unretained compound. [IUPAC]
hold-up volume
true
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
fraction
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
A fraction is the ratio of one constitutent (part) to all constituents of a mixture. [Allotrope]
fraction (quality)
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
mass fraction
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
The mass fraction is a fraction pertaining the mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]
mass fraction (quality)
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
amount fraction
mole fraction
mole fraction (quality)
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
The amount fraction is the ratio of the amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]
amount fraction (quality)
true
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
volume concentration
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
Volume concentration is a concentration that is defined as the volume of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]
volume concentration (quality)
true
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
number concentration
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
Number concentration is a concentration defined by number of entities of a constituent in a mixture divided by the volume of the mixture. [IUPAC]
number concentration (quality)
The dilution ratio is the ratio of solute to solvent. [Wikipedia]
dilution ratio
DF
Dilution factor is the ratio of the aliquot volume to the final volume. [Wikipedia]
dilution factor
count
size
The amount is the quality of a whole that is the number of entities that are part of the whole. [Allotrope]
amount
Number density is a quality of the amount of countable objects per units size. [Allotrope]
number density
Cell density is the number density of a population of cells. [Allotrope]
cell density
viable cell density
Viable cell count is the cell density of the partition of viable cells. [Allotrope]
viable cell density (quality)
total cell density
Total cell density is the cell density of the total partition of cells. [Allotrope]
total cell density (quality)
true
amount of cells
Cell count is the amount of cells within a whole. [Allotrope]
cell count
viable cell count
Viable cell count is the cell count of the partition of viable cells. [Allotrope]
viable cell count (quality)
total cell count
Total cell count is the cell count over a mereological sum of a partitioned aggregate of cells. [Allotrope]
total cell count (quality)
dead cell count
Dead cell count is the cell count of the partition of dead cells. [Allotrope]
dead cell count (quality)
true
cell counter setting
A cell counter configuration is a device configuration of a cell counter device. [Allotrope]
cell counter configuration
true
A cell diameter is the diameter of a cell. [Allotrope]
cell diameter
partial pressure of oxygen
pO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen gas dissolved in a solution. [Allotrope]
pO2
partial pressure of carbon dioxide
pCO2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in a solution. [Allotrope]
pCO2
The electronic absorbance detection wavelength is the detection wavelength setting of an electronic absorbance detector. [Allotrope]
electronic absorbance detection wavelength
Detection bandwidth is a device setting of a detector controlling the bandwidth of the detection wavelength. [Allotrope]
detection bandwidth
detector setting
A detector configuration is a device configuration of a detector. [Allotrope]
detector configuration
signal setting
A signal configuration is a device configuration of a device producing or consuming signals, that controls the processing of a signal. [Allotrope]
signal configuration
amplification
amplification configuration
amplification setting
gain
gain configuration
gain setting
signal amplification setting
signal gain setting
A gain setting is a signal configuration, that controls the amplification of an incoming or outgoing signal. [Allotrope]
signal gain configuration
signal offset setting
A signal offset configuration is a signal processing configuration, that adds/subtracts a fixed amount of magnitude to the signal strength or amplitude to move the zero reference. [Allotrope]
signal offset configuration
true
temperature setting
2018-12-10 Changed alt label to temperature setting. [Allotrope]
2018-12-10 Changed definition to include alerting [Allotrope]
2018-12-10 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
2019-07-01 Added relation to the temperature being controlled or observed. [Allotrope]
A temperature configuration is a device configuration of a temperature controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target temperature at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
An oven thermostat has a temperature configuration that controls the heating.
temperature configuration
control setting
controller setting
A controller configuration is a device configuration of a controller, that directly influences the controlling process done by the controller towards a goal. [Allotrope]
controller configuration
trigger setting
A trigger configuration is a device configuration for a system with a sensor and an actor component, that directly influences when the sensor sends an activating signal to the actor based on an observation. [Allotrope]
trigger configuration
alert configuration
alert setting
notification setting
signaling configuration
signaling setting
A notification setting is a trigger setting in a system that has a notification component, that controls when the component send out a notification signal. [Allotrope]
A pressure sensor measures the pressure of the liquid in the plumbing an if the notification setting on the pressure is above a maximum, it triggers the notification of a signaling device, such as a warning lamp.
notification configuration
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
PAC, 1994, 66, 533 (Standard quantities in chemical thermodynamics. Fugacities, activities and equilibrium constants for pure and mixed phases (IUPAC Recommendations 1994))
partial pressure
Partial pressure is the notional pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases, if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. [Wikipedia]
partial pressure (quality)
purity
Purity is a composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer lacking undesired components. [Allotrope]
It is generally quantified by the sum of the mass fractions of the impurities subtracted from a theoretically pure value of 100%.
purity (quality)
mechanics quality
A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer behaves when subjected to forces or displacements and the effect of their bodies on their environment. [Wikipedia]
mechanical quality
deformation
Strain is a quality of deformation representing the displacement between particles in the body relative to a reference length. [Wikipedia]
A general deformation of a body can be expressed in the form x = F(X) where X is the reference position of material points in the body.
strain
τ
A shearing force is applied to the top of the rectangle while the bottom is held in place. The resulting shear stress deforms the rectangle into a parallelogram. The area involved would be the top of the parallelogram. A shear stress is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. [Wikipedia]
shear stress
A normal strain is strain perpendicular to the face of an element. [Wikipedia]
normal strain
A shear strain is parallel to the face of an element. [Wikipedia]
shear strain
total mass of impurities
Total impurities is a composition quality that is the sum of the mass of all impurities in a material. [Allotrope]
total impurities
A purity quality of a material with respect to its stereoisomers. [Allotrope]
stereochemical purity
The absolute value of the mole fraction for one diastereomer in a mixture minus the mole fraction for the other. [CHMO]
diastereomeric excess
doi:10.1359/goldbook.D01681
The ratio of the percentage of one diastereomer in a mixture to that of the other. [CHMO]
diastereomeric ratio
The ratio of the percentage of one enantiomer in a mixture to that of the other. [CHMO]
enantiomeric ratio
doi:10.1359/goldbook.E02070
The absolute value of the mole fraction for one enantiomer in a mixture minus the mole fraction for the other enantiomer. [CHMO]
enantiomeric excess
difference
An excess is a relational quality that is the difference in magnitude of two qualities of the same kind. [Allotrope]
excess
impurity
Impurity is a composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer having undesired components. [Allotrope]
impurity (quality)
Stereochemical composition is a composition quality based on the stereochemistry of its components. [Allotrope]
stereochemical composition
A dilution composition is a composition quality of a dilution. [Allotrope]
dilution composition
Reaction composition is a composition quality of a reaction mixture. [Allotrope]
reaction composition
conversion
Conversion is a reaction composition quality dependent on the fraction of reactant remaining. [Allotrope]
conversion (quality)
percentage yield
yield
Reaction yield is a reaction composition quality expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum mass of the product given the masses of the reactants. [CHMO, Allotrope]
Often there is an assumption that the product and starting materials have the same relative response in the analytical method being used.
yield (quality)
selectivity
Reaction selectivity is a reaction composition that is expressed as the number of moles of desired product per the number of moles of undesired product. [Wikipedia]
reaction selectivity
Membership is the relational quality between a group or organization and its members. [Allotrope]
This is the structural aspect of membership. There is also a temporal aspect of being member of (membership state).
membership
plumbing setting
A plumbing configuration is a device configuration of a plumbing system or plumbing equipment. [Allotrope]
plumbing configuration
injection configuration
injection device setting
injection setting
injector setting
An injection device configuration is a device configuration of an injection device or its components. [Allotrope]
injection device configuration
wavenumber
Wavenumber is a physical quality that inheres in a wave by virtue of the number of wave patterns per unit length along the direction of propagation. It is reciprocal to wavelength. [Allotrope]
2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic. electromagnetic or radiation. [Allotrope]
wavenumber (quality)
Raman spectrometer setting
Raman spectrometer configuration is a device configuration of a Raman spectrometer. [Allotrope]
Raman spectrometer configuration
International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM 3rd edition) JCGM 200:2012
resolution
Resolution is the quality of a sensor (measurement instrument, detector) to be able to measure the smallest change in a qualities that causes a perceptible change in the corresponding indication. [Allotrope]
resolution (quality)
true
melt temperature
melting temperature
The melting point is the temperature where a material changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase. [Allotrope]
melting point
true
2019-07-01 Added relation to the flow rate being controlled. [Allotrope]
A flow rate configuration is a device configuration of a fluid controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the flow rate at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
flow rate configuration
true
concentration ratio setting
2019-07-01 Added relation to the ratio being controlled or observed. [Allotrope]
A concentration ratio configuration is a device configuration of a fluid controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the concentration ratio of a mixture at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
concentration ratio configuration
true
volume setting
2019-07-01 Added relation to the volume being controlled or observed. [Allotrope]
A volume configuration is a device configuration of a controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the volume of some material at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
volume configuration
polarity
Polarity is the quality inhered in an energy that is the positive or negative direction of an electrical, acoustical, or magnetic force relative to a reference state. [Allotrope, NCI]
2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic, electro magnetic or radiation. [Allotrope]
polarity (quality)
polarity setting
2019-07-01 Added relation to the polarity being controlled or observed. [Allotrope]
Polarity configuration is a device configuration that sets a specific detector or sensor response to be positive or negative to a reference state. [Allotrope]
polarity configuration
The average radius of the pores within the solid particles. [Allotrope]
pore size
A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being only capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices in outer layer of the solid and not its solid impermeable core. [Allotrope]
fused core
A bonded phase is the structure quality of a material that is covalently bonded to a substrate. [Allotrope]
bonded phase
A chemical substance quality is a quality that inheres in some portion of chemical substance. [Allotrope]
chemical substance quality
molecular quality
A molecular quality is a chemical quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. [Allotrope]
molecular entity quality
energy
Energy (quality) is the amount of energy that a material entity contains. [Allotrope]
energy (quality)
Energy is in BFO considered a material entity.
A mass spectrometry system configuration is a device configuration of a mass spectrometry system, that influences the operation of the system. [Allotrope]
mass spectrometry system configuration
atomic mass
2020-03-16 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2020-03-16 Subclassed under pato:mass. [Allotrope]
Molecular mass is a molecular quality inhered in a molecular entity that expresses its mass relative to 1/12 of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest. [Allotrope]
molecular mass (molecular quality)
m/z
m/z (molecular quality)
m/z ratio
mass-to-charge ratio
Mass-to-charge ratio is a molecular quality that expresses the ratio of the molecular mass to the charge number of a molecular entity. [Allotrope]
mass-to-charge ratio (molecular quality)
This quality is itself a ratio of relative qualities, the molecular mass is relative to the unified atomic mass unit and the electric charge to the elementary charge. [Allotrope]
molecular formula
A molecular formula is a molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by the relative amount of component atoms. [Allotrope]
molecular formula (molecular quality)
IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979. Compiled by J. Inczédy, T. Lengyel, A. M. Ure. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
Electron energy is the translational energy that electrons acquire when accelerated in an electric field. [IUPAC]
electron energy
isotopic distribution
Isotopic distribution is a molecular quality inhered in a molecule by the distribution of different isotopes in the molecule. [Allotrope]
isotopic distribution (molecular quality)
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
electric resistivity
resistivity
resistivity (quality)
Electric resistivity is the quality of the electric field strength divided by the current density when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC]
electric resistivity (quality)
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
conductance
conductance (quality)
electric conductance
Electric conductance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of a the electric resistance. [IUPAC]
electric conductance (quality)
cell path length
path length
path length (quality)
The cell path length is the length of the radiation path through the absorbing medium in a single-pass cell. [IUPAC]
cell path length (quality)
enthalpy
Enthalpy (quality) is the quality of a system that is the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume. Its change in a system is equal to the heat brought to the system at constant pressure. [IUPAC]
enthalpy (quality)
specific heat capacity
A specific heat capacity (quality) is a heat capacity of a pure substance by virtue of the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature per amount of mass. [Allotrope]
specific heat capacity (quality)
charge
electric charge
Electric charge is the electrical quality of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. [Wikipedia]
electric charge (quality)
PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) on page 2212
saturation vapor pressure
The pressure exerted by a pure substance (at a given temperature) in a system containing only the vapor and condensed phase (liquid or solid) of the substance. [IUPAC]
saturation vapor pressure (quality)
An evacuation rate is a flow rate indicating the rate at which gas is removed from a chamber. [Allotrope]
evacuation rate (quality)
free space
measurement chamber free space
measurement chamber free space (quality)
measurement chamber free space volume
A measurement chamber free space volume (quality) is the volume within a sample measurement chamber that is not occupied by the sample. [Allotrope]
measurement chamber free space volume (quality)
Hygroscopicity is a quality inhered in a compound by virtue of its ability to readily take up and retain water, especially from the atmosphere. [Wikipedia]
hygroscopicity
enthalpy of fusion
enthalpy of melting
enthalpy of melting (quality)
heat of fusion
latent heat of fusion
The enthalpy of fusion is a quality inhered in of a solid substance that is the change in its enthalpy resulting from providing energy, typically heat, to a specific quantity of the substance to change its state from a solid to a liquid, at constant pressure. [Wikipedia]
enthalpy of fusion (quality)
enthalpy of vaporization
heat of evaporation
heat of vaporization
latent heat of vaporization
The enthalpy of vaporization is a quality inhered in a liquid substance that is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to the liquid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia]
enthalpy of vaporization (quality)
specific heat of evaporation
specific heat of vaporization
specific latent heat of vaporization
The specific enthalpy of vaporization is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]
specific enthalpy of vaporization (quality)
molar enthalpy of vaporization
molar heat of evaporation
molar heat of vaporization
molar latent heat of vaporization
The molar enthalpy of vaporization is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]
molar enthalpy of vaporization (quality)
molar enthalpy of fusion
molar enthalpy of melting
molar enthalpy of melting (quality)
molar heat of fusion
molar latent heat of fusion
The molar enthalpy of fusion is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]
molar enthalpy of fusion (quality)
specific enthalpy of fusion
specific enthalpy of melting
specific enthalpy of melting (quality)
specific heat of melting
specific latent heat of melting
The specific enthalpy of fusion is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]
specific enthalpy of fusion (quality)
enthalpy of sublimation
heat of sublimation
The enthalpy of sublimation is a quality inhered in a solid substance that is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to the solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia]
enthalpy of sublimation (quality)
specific enthalpy of sublimation
specific heat of sublimation
The specific enthalpy of sublimation is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]
specific enthalpy of sublimation (quality)
molar enthalpy of sublimation
molar heat of sublimation
The specific enthalpy of sublimation is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]
molar enthalpy of sublimation (quality)
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk.
IUPAC, Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature, The Purple Book, 1st ed., p. 66
turbidity
Turbidity is an optical quality that is the apparent absorbance of the incident radiation due to scattering. For small particles, direct proportionality exists between turbidity and the Rayleigh ratio. [IUPAC]
turbidity (quality)
The count fraction is a quality pertaining the number of particles of a constituent divided by the total number of particles of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]
count fraction (quality)
The refractive index is an optical quality inhered in a material by virtue of how fast light travels through the material. [Allotrope]
refractive index (quality)
The detector gain is a (relative) amount by which a detector to increases the magnitude of a signal from the input to the output port by adding energy to the signal. [Allotrope]
detector gain
birefringence
An optical quality of anisotropic material that has a refractive index which depends on the properties of light. [Allotrope]
birefringence (quality)
Signal gain is the ratio of magnitude of a quality between a flow of energy incoming to a system (input signal) and the outgoing flow of energy (output signal) used for signaling. [Allotrope]
detector gain
gain
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
acicular
needle
needle particle shape
An acicular particle shape is a shape of particle with similar small height and width and large length. [Allotrope]
acicular particle shape
Acicular particles are needle-like.
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
columnar
A columnar particle shape is a shape of particle with similar moderate height and width and large length. [Allotrope]
columnar particle shape
Columnar particles are similar in shape to poster tubes or wood joists.
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
flake
A flake particle shape is a shape of particle with small width and similar height and length. [Allotrope]
flake particle shape
Flake particles are similar in shape to beer mats.
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
plate
A plate particle shape is a shape of particle with moderate width and similar height and length. [Allotrope]
plate particle shape
Plate particles are similar in shape to dinner plates.
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
lath
A lath particle shape is a shape of particle with small width, moderate height, and large length. [Allotrope]
lath particle shape
Lath particles are similar in shape to A4 paper sheets.
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
equant
An equant particle shape is a shape of particle with similar height, width, and length. [Allotrope]
equant particle shape
Equant particles may be spherical or cuboid.
association state
An association state is a structure of an association of primary particles in a material. [Allotrope]
association state (quality)
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
lamellar
A lamellar association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of plate particles in a stack. [Allotrope]
lamellar association state
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
aggregate
An aggregate association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of particles loosely coupled together. [Allotrope]
aggregate association state
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
agglomerate
An agglomerate association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of particles tightly coupled together. [Allotrope]
agglomerate association state
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
conglomerate
A conglomerate association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of different types of particle. [Allotrope]
conglomerate association state
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
spherulite
A spherulite association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of particles grouped radially about a central point. [Allotrope]
spherulite association state
USP 30(6) Harmonization: <776> OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
drusy
A drusy association state is an association state where the primary particles associate as a collection of large particle covered by smaller particles. [Allotrope]
drusy association state
particle shape
A particle shape is a shape quality of a particle. [Allotrope]
particle shape (quality)
A chord length is the length between any two points on the edge of a particle, with an upper bound of the diameter of the particle. [Allotrope]
chord length (quality)
true
A current configuration is a device configuration of a current controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target electric current at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
current configuration
true
A voltage configuration is a device configuration of a voltage controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target voltage at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
voltage configuration
IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry", 1993
IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 1993
angle of optical rotation
circular birefringence
polarization rotation
Circular birefringence is the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium. [IUPAC]
circular birefringence (quality)
specific rotation
Specific rotation is the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution. [Wikipedia]
specific rotation (quality)
temperature rate
A temperature rate is a thermal quality which describes the change in temperature over time in some material bearer. [Allotrope]
temperature rate (quality)
chemical shift
The fractional variation of the resonance frequency of a nucleus in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in consequence of its magnetic environment. [IUPAC]
chemical shift (molecular quality)
IUPAC Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 14
dielectric constant
relative permittivity
εr
Relative permittivity is an electrical and magnetic quality inhered in a medium that is the ratio of the electric field strength in vacuum to that in the medium. [IUPAC]
relative permittivity (quality)
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
conductance
conductance (quality)
thermal conductance
Thermal conductance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of the thermal resistance. [IUPAC]
thermal conductance (quality)
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
luminescence
Luminescence is an optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment. [IUPAC]
luminescence (quality)
An quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement at an angle. [PATO]
angle (quality)
Particle density is the number density of a population of particles. [Allotrope]
particle density (quality)
A cumulative particle density is the number density of particles meeting a given criterion. [Allotrope]
cumulative particle density (quality)
A differential particle density is the number density of particles within a specified range criterion. [Allotrope]
differential particle density (quality)
scan position
scan position (quality)
scan position configuration
A scan position configuration is a system configuration of a the detector in a plate reader that is the position of the detector above or below the well plate. [Allotrope]
scan position configuration (plate reader)
top scan
A top scan position is a scan position of a plate reader where the detector is above the well plate. [Allotrope]
top scan position (plate reader)
bottom scan
A bottom scan position is a scan position of a plate reader where the detector is below the well plate. [Allotrope]
bottom scan position (plate reader)
vertical position
A vertical position is a position in a vertical spacial direction. [Allotrope]
vertical position (quality)
above
above of
Above of is a vertical position if the bottom of the bearer's spatial extend along the vertical dimension is higher then then the top of the other. [Allotrope]
above of (quality)
below
below of
Below of is a vertical position if the top of the bearer's spatial extend along the vertical dimension is higher then then the bottom of the other. [Allotrope]
below of (quality)
true
task
An action is a unit element in a procedure and is a concretization of an action specification. [Allotrope]
action
A procedure is plan containing multiple activities that are intended to be executed in an order following a procedure specification. [Allotrope]
procedure
true
Portion of reality that is realized in some process. [Allotrope]
situation
true
constitution
physique
structure
A specific combination of qualities that the bearer realizes at some time. [Allotrope]
configuration
true
environment
A situation that is realized in a processes outside the system boundary of an operation situation of a device. [Allotrope]
example: humid conditions
environmental situation
true
operation
2019-09-20 Moved, an operational situation is not necessarily an environmental situation. [Allotrope]
The situation when a device is performing its intended function. [Allotrope]
operational situation
true
A transition is a situation that is realized when one or more preceding processes end and the one or more succeeding processes begin. [Allotrope]
transition
true
A realizable entity that when realized coincides with the start of some intended or causally dependent process. [Allotrope]
trigger
chemical agent
A disposition of a portion of material to react with other materials in a specific way by nature of its chemical composition. [Allotrope]
chemical disposition
A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) disposed to having cleaning properties in dilute solutions. [ChEBI]
detergent
The disposition to lower the surface tension of the medium in which the material is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapor and/or at other interfaces. [ChEBI]
surfactant
surface-active agent
A surface-active agent is a disposition of a portion of material to react or interact with the surface of other materials. [Allotrope]
surface-active disposition
A chemical reaction disposition is a disposition inhered in a reaction mixture. [Allotrope]
chemical reaction disposition
A reaction selectivity disposition is a disposition of a reaction mixture to have a reaction selectivity. [Allotrope]
reaction selectivity disposition
Hysteresis is the time-based dependence of a system's output on present and past inputs. The dependence arises because the history affects the value of an internal state. To predict its future outputs, either its internal state or its history must be known. [Wikipedia]
hysteresis
true
A plot of intensity vs. kinetic energy obtained when a high energy photon ionizes a core electron and an electron from a higher energy level descends to take its place, releasing sufficient energy to eject a second so-called 'Auger' electron. [CHMO]
Auger spectrum
true
DSC curve
DSC heating curve
DSC plot
DSC thermogram
DSC thermograms
A plot of enthalpy vs. temperature obtained by measuring the enthalpy required to increase the temperature of a sample as a function of temperature. [CHMO]
differential scanning calorimetry curve
A chromatography peak is a peak that results from a detector's response to the presence of an analyte in the mobile phase eluting from a column in chromatography. [Allotrope]
chromatography peak
true
microwave spectra
A plot of emission vs. wavelength obtained through a Fourier transform of the time series of the radiation emitted by a sample of gas phase molecules that have been excited by a microwave-frequency pulse. [CHMO]
microwave spectrum
Karl Fischer titration curve
A Karl-Fischer titration curve is a titration curve of mass of water over time. [Allotrope]
Karl-Fischer titration curve
The description of a chemical moiety or material that is assigned to a peak. [Allotrope]
peak assignment target
SIM chromatogram
SIM spectrum
A selected-ion monitoring (SIM) chromatogram is similar to an XIC, with the exception that the mass spectrometer is operated in SIM mode, such that only preselected m/z values are detected in the analysis. [Wikipedia]
selected ion monitoring chromatogram
true
conversion spectra
A plot of a quantity related to the absorption, for example absorbance or cross section, multiplied by the quantum yield for the process considered against a measure of photon energy such as frequency, wavenumber or wavelength. [CHMO]
conversion spectrum
true
photoelectron spectra
A plot of photoelectron count vs. kinetic energy. [CHMO]
photoelectron spectrum
true
CD spectra
CD spectrum
circular dichroic spectra
circular dichroic spectrum
circular dichroism (CD) spectra
circular dichroism spectra
A plot of ellipticity vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the differential absorption of left- and right-handed circularly polarized photon radiation as a function of wavelength. [CHMO]
circular dichroism spectrum
true
alpha particle spectra
alpha particle spectrum
alpha-particle spectra
α-particle spectra
α-particle spectrum
A plot of alpha-particle count vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and kinetic energies of alpha-particles emitted by a sample. [CHMO]
alpha-particle spectrum
true
The weighing result is the result of a weighing process. [Allotrope]
weighing result
true
Data obtained from a structure determination method. [CHMO]
structure data
UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum
UV-Vis-NIR spectra
UV-Vis-NIR spectrum
UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra
UV-vis-NIR spectra
UV-vis-near IR spectra
UV-vis-near IR spectrum
UV-visible-near IR spectrum
A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation in the ultraviolet to near-infrared (190-2000 nm) range. [CHMO]
ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum
true
spectra
spectrum plot
2020-12-10 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A spectrum is a data distribution function of a measured quantity in a spectroscopy against some experimental parameter. [Allotrope]
spectrum
true
voltammetric profile
A plot of cell current vs. the potential between the indicator and reference electrodes obtained from a voltammetry experiment. [CHMO]
voltammogram
true
A data set derived from chemical imaging consisting of a three-dimensional image where two axes describe the x and y spatial dimensions and the third dimension represents spectral wavelength. The image is obtained by stacking one image per spectral wavelength sequentially. [CHMO]
chemical map
true
ITC curve
ITC curves
ITC-curve
isothermal titration calorimetric curve
A plot of energy vs. time obtained from the measurement of the heat evolved during a chemical or biochemical reaction (such as protein--receptor binding). [CHMO]
isothermal titration calorimetry curve
true
\gamma-ray spectra
\gamma-ray spectrum
gamma ray spectra
gamma ray spectrum
gamma-ray spectra
A plot of gamma-ray count vs. energy spectrum obtained by measuring the number and energy of gamma-rays emitted or absorbed by a sample. [CHMO]
gamma-ray spectrum
true
A temperature measurement result is an assay result that is the output of a temperature measurement. [Allotrope]
temperature measurement result
GC chromatogram
A plot of detector signal (e.g. ion count or absorbance) vs. retention time obtained from a column chromatography experiment where the mobile phase is a gas. [CHMO]
gas chromatogram
true
An electropherogram is the outcome of a capillary electrophoresis that reports the response of a detector as a function of time. [Allotrope]
electropherogram
fluorescence emission spectrum
fluorescence spectra
A plot of intensity against wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation emitted by a sample through fluorescence against the frequency of the incident radiation. [CHMO]
fluorescence emission spectrum
true
EELS spectra
EELS spectrum
electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra
electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectrum
electron energy-loss spectra
A plot of intensity vs. energy loss obtained by measuring the energy lost by electrons on interacting with a surface. [CHMO]
electron energy-loss spectrum
An excitation spectrum is a plot of the spectral radiant exitance or of the spectral photon exitance against the frequency (or wavenumber, or wavelength) of excitation. [IUPAC]
excitation spectrum
BGA result
blood gas measurement result
The measurement result of analysis from a blood gas analyzer. [Allotrope]
blood gas analysis result
A mass chromatogram is a distribution function of a mass detector signal versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope]
mass chromatogram
true
photoacoustic spectra
A plot of intensity vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the sound emitted when a gaseous sample is exposed to an intense laser beam, which is rapidly interrupted by a rotating slotted disk. [CHMO]
photoacoustic spectrum
true
adsorption-desorption isotherm
adsorption/desorption isotherm
A plot of relative pressure vs. volume adsorbed obtained by measuring the amount of an inert gaseous or liquid substance (the 'sorbent', usually H2 or N2) which adsorbs onto the surface of interest (the 'sorbate'), and the subsequent amount that desorbs at a constant temperature. [CHMO]
adsorption-desorption isotherm
true
A data point is the single point in a coordinate space. [Allotrope]
data point
true
assay output
experimental result
result
2020-03-20 Changed equivalent class to subclass. [Allotrope]
The final outcome reported for a measured or computed quantity, after performing a measuring procedure including all sub procedures and evaluations. [IUPAC, Allotrope]
assay result
true
absorbance spectra
absorbance spectrum
absorption spectra
An absorption spectrum is a data distribution function that plots the absorption of radiance as the function of frequency or wavelength. [Wikipedia]
absorption spectrum
2018-07-19 Changed definition, relaxed restriction. [Allotrope]
A peak group is a user defined set of peaks for which summed peak facet data is expected. [Allotrope]
A common example is for alkanes such as heptanes. Often all of the isomers (C7H16, CH3CH2(CH3)C4H10, C2H5CH2(CH3)C3H8, CH3CH2(CH2CH3)C3H8, etc) are reported as a single value.
Sum of all peak areas in the group.
peak group
true
2020-11-12 Subclassed under chromatography result. [Allotrope]
A chromatogram is a distribution function of a detector signal (such as ion count or absorbance) versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope]
chromatogram
2D UV spectrum
2D UV spectrum (abs. over wavelength)
UV spectra
UV spectrum
two dimensional ultraviolet spectrum
two-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum
ultra-violet spectra
ultra-violet spectrum
ultraviolet spectra
ultraviolet spectrum
A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the ultraviolet region (190-400 nm) range. [CHMO]
ultraviolet spectrum
true
IR spectra
IR spectrum
infra-red spectra
infra-red spectrum
infrared (IR) spectra
infrared (IR) spectrum
infrared spectra
A plot of absorbance or transmittance vs. wavelength/wavenumber/frequency obtained by measuring the absorption or transmission of infrared radiation by a sample. [CHMO]
infrared spectrum
true
NMR spectra
NMR spectrum
nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
Any spectrum that shows the response of spin-active nuclei to radio frequency radiation in an applied magnetic field. [CHMO]
nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum
true
optical transmission spectrum
A plot of extinction (or transmittance) vs. wavelength (or wavenumber) obtained by measuring the amount of radiation transmitted through a sample as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation. Optical extinction spectra can also be derived theoretically. [CHMO]
optical extinction spectrum
true
atomic spectra
A plot of absorption or emission radiation vs. frequency that reflects the internal degrees of freedom of an atom, obtained in an experiment where the sample is vaporized and then atomized. [CHMO]
atomic spectrum
true
IET spectra
IET spectrum
inelastic tunneling spectra
inelastic tunnelling spectra
inelastic tunnelling spectrum
A plot of current (or a first or higher derivative of current with respect to voltage) vs. voltage obtained by measuring the tunneling current through a metal-oxide-metal sandwich. Molecules are adsorbed onto the oxide and these molecules can affect the tunneling via the excitation of vibrational states. [CHMO]
inelastic tunneling spectrum
true
A melting curve is the data distribution function over temperature that is the output of a melting curve analysis. Melting curve analysis is an assessment of the dissociation characteristics of double-stranded DNA during heating. As the temperature is raised, the double strand begins to dissociate leading to a rise in the absorbance intensity, hyperchromicity. [Wikipedia]
melting curve
true
GEMMA spectra
GEMMA spectrum
A plot of electrophoretic mobility diameter vs. particle count generated by separating singly-charged complexes in air under the influence of an electric field. [CHMO]
gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis spectrum
A certificate refers to the confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person or organization. This confirmation is often, but not always, provided by some form of external review, education, assessment, or audit. Accreditation is a specific organization's process of certification. [Wikipedia]
certificate
EMR chromatogram
An electromagnetic radiation chromatogram is a distribution function of a electromagnetic radiation detector signal versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope]
electromagnetic radiation chromatogram
VIS spectra
VIS spectrum
optical absorption spectra
optical absorption spectrum
visible spectra
A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the visible region (380-800 nm) range. [CHMO]
visible spectrum
true
action spectra
A plot of a relative biological or chemical photoresponse per number of incident photons against wavelength or energy of radiation under the same radiant power of light. [CHMO]
action spectrum
true
oximetric data
oximetry data
oximetry spectra
A plot of % oxygen vs. time, measured during a process where oxygen is consumed or evolved. [CHMO]
oximetry spectrum
true
acoustic emission spectra
A plot of decibels vs. frequency obtained by measuring the amount of noise generated by a sample as a function of frequency of incident radiation. [CHMO]
acoustic emission spectrum
true
A plot of stress vs. flow rate obtained from rheological measurements. [CHMO]
flow curve
true
X-ray spectra
A plot of intensity vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and energy of X-rays absorbed or emitted by a sample. [CHMO]
X-ray spectrum
true
beta particle spectra
beta particle spectrum
beta-particle spectra
β-particle spectra
β-particle spectrum
A plot of beta-particle count vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and energy of beta-particles emitted by a sample. [CHMO]
beta-particle spectrum
UV-VIS absorption spectra
UV-Vis spectra
UV-Vis spectrum
UV-vis absorption spectra
UV-vis absorption spectrum
UV-vis spectra
UV-vis spectrum
UV-visible spectra
UV-visible spectrum
UV/VIS absorption spectra
UV/VIS spectra
UV/vis spectra
UV/vis spectrum
UV/visible spectra
UV/visible spectrum
spectrophotometric data
ultraviolet-visible spectra
ultraviolet-visible spectrum
A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation in the ultraviolet to visible (190-800 nm) range. [CHMO]
ultraviolet-visible spectrum
dielectric spectrum
impedance spectra
A plot of impedance vs. frequency that reflects the change in impedance of a sample during excitation. [CHMO]
impedance spectrum
true
A plot of e vs hv where e is the molar extinction coefficient, that is used to determine the optical gap (or 'Tauc gap') in amorphous thin film materials. [CHMO]
Tauc plot
MIM spectrum
multiple ion monitoring spectrum
selected ion monitoring spectrum
Spectrum obtained with the operation of a mass spectrometer in which the abundances of one ion or several ions of specific m/z values are recorded rather than the entire mass spectrum (Selected Ion Monitoring). [PSI/MS]
SIM spectrum
SEC chromatogram
SEC elugram
SEC profile
SEC trace
size exclusion chromatogram
A plot of detector signal (e.g. ion count or absorbance) vs. retention time obtained from a chromatography experiment where the separation is caused by exclusion effects within the stationary phase and where the stationary phase is a swollen gel. [CHMO]
size-exclusion chromatogram
true
excitation-emission spectra
excitation-emission spectrum
A three-dimensional spectrum generated by scanning the emission spectrum at incremental steps of excitation wavelength. [CHMO]
excitation-emission spectrum
true
A peak describes a part of a data distribution function at a definite range of the experimental parameter (independent variable) of the distribution function. This definition includes a single data point of the distribution function. [Allotrope]
peak
true
EMR spectrum
electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic radiation spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies. [Wikipedia]
electromagnetic radiation spectrum
true
Collection of peaks or peak groups for a specific purpose. [Allotrope]
peak list
true
IPCE spectrum
incident photon conversion efficiency spectra
incident photon to collected electron (IPCE) spectra
incident photon to collected electron (IPCE) spectrum
incident photon to collected electron spectra
incident photon to current collection efficiency spectrum
incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency spectrum
incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectrum
incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency spectrum
A plot of incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) vs. wavelength obtained from a solar or photovoltaic cell. [CHMO]
incident photon conversion efficiency spectrum
true
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 85, No. 7, pp. 1515–1609, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06
mass spectra
A mass spectrum is a data distribution function that plots the relative abundances of ions forming a beam or other collection as a function of their m/z values. [IUPAC]
The term is a misnomer because it is m/z rather than mass that is the independent variable in a mass spectrum. [IUPAC]
mass spectrum
A ion chromatogram is a distribution function of a ion current signal of a mass detector versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope]
ion chromatogram
Karl Fischer titration result
A Karl-Fischer titration result is the result of a Karl-Fischer titration run. [Allotrope]
Karl-Fischer titration result
true
cell counter analysis result
cell counter measurement result
2018-03-09 Added to cell counting domain [OSTHUS]
A cell counter result is an assay result that is the result of a cell counter assay. [Allotrope]
cell counter result
true
titration data
titration plot
A plot of volume of titrant vs. an independent variable (e.g., pH or enthalpy) obtained from a titration experiment. [CHMO]
titration curve
true
A plot of intensity against wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation emitted by a sample through luminescence against the frequency of the incident radiation. [CHMO]
luminescence spectrum
true
M\ossbauer spectra
M\ossbauer spectrum
Moessbauer spectra
Moessbauer spectrum
Mossbauer spectra
A plot of intensity vs. velocity obtained by measuring the intensity and kinetic energy of a beam of gamma-rays transmitted through a solid sample. [CHMO]
Mossbauer spectrum
true
A titration result is the result of a titration. [Allotrope]
titration result
GPC elugram
GPC profile
GPC profiles
GPC trace
GPC traces
gel permeation chromatogram
gel permeation chromatographic traces
A plot of detector signal (e.g. ion count or absorbance) vs. retention time obtained from a chromatography experiment where the separation is caused by differences in molecular size. [CHMO]
gel filtration chromatogram
true
A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength, obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation, which reflects the electronic degrees of freedom of an atom or molecule. [CHMO]
electronic absorption spectrum
true
Raman spectra
A plot of intensity vs. Raman shift (cm-1) obtained by measuring the Raman scattering of monochromatic light from a sample. [CHMO]
Raman spectrum
2020-11-12 Moved from chromatography domain to AFO. [Allotrope]
A chromatography result is a result of a chromatography run. [Allotrope]
chromatography result
true
The capillary electrophoresis result is the result of a process of capillary electrophoresis. [Allotrope]
capillary electrophoresis result
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
Group of peaks representing ions of the same elemental composition, but different isotopic compositions. [IUPAC]
isotope cluster
true
time series
A profile is a data distribution function that is a function of time. [Allotrope]
profile
true
Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609. Retrieved 9 May. 2019, from doi:10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06
A total ion current profile is a data distribution function of the total ion current recorded as function of time or time dependent sampling. [Allotrope]
total ion current profile
The readout from a microplate reader measurement. [Allotrope]
microplate reader measurement result
A melting peak results from energy transfer due to the transition from the solid to the liquid phase. [Allotrope]
melting peak
A transition peak is a peak in the differential scanning calorimetry curve that results from a structural transition of the sample. [Allotrope]
transition peak
trending result
A trend is the result of a process of trending. [Allotrope]
In Raman spectroscopy a trend a result based on a collection of spectra. [Allotrope]
In infrared spectroscopy the intensities of peaks over time can be used to monitor compound concentration increase/decrease of a chemical reaction over time.
trend
2020-05-11 Moved from taxonomy to AFO, different perspective than iao:Document
A file is a resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable storage. [Wikipedia]
file
A differential scanning calorimetry peak is a peak that is the result of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and part of a DSC curve. [Allotrope]
differential scanning calorimetry peak
DSC result
The differential scanning calorimetry result is the result of a DSC measurement. [Allotrope]
differential scanning calorimetry result
forecast
2019-05-10 Generalized term. [Allotrope]
A prediction or forecast is a proposition about a future event. [Wikipedia]
prediction
fingerprinting
A fingerprint is a type of or portion of spectrum that has a characteristic structure. It can be used as a fingerprint for comparison to reference spectra. [Allotrope]
Infrared spectra are fingerprints. The fingerprint region of an IR spectrum lies between 1500 and 500 cm-1 while a complete IR spectrum normally has a range from 4000 to 500 cm-1. Note that the overlay is synonym for the same activity (fingerprinting).
fingerprint
A distribution is a collection of frequencies of results of a sample. Each frequency is number of occurrences within a given interval. The distribution can be expressed relatively to the width of the interval. [Allotrope]
distribution
A particle sizing result is the outcome of a process of particle sizing. [Allotrope]
particle sizing result
true
Result of a spectroscopical measurement. [Allotrope]
spectroscopy result
A glass transition peak is a peak of the differential scanning calorimetry curve that results from the glass transition of a sample. [Allotrope]
glass transition peak
An overlay of scans is a graphic overlay of generated spectra for comparison. [Allotrope]
overlay of scans
2020-03-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
An exothermic peak is a differential scanning calorimetry peak resulting from energy transfer from the sample heating cell to the surrounding. [Allotrope]
exothermic peak
2020-03-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
An endothermic peak is a differential scanning calorimetry peak peak resulting from energy transfer to the sample heating cell. [Allotrope]
endothermic peak
true
2019-08-19 Moved under data distribution function. [Allotrope]
The calibration curve is a data distribution function of the instrumental response, the so-called analytical signal, changed with the concentration of the analyte (the substance to be measured). [Wikipedia]
calibration curve
true
Linear procedure specification that specifies analysis. [Allotrope]
analysis sequence
true
An analysis method is a plan specification that specifies an analysis. [Allotrope]
analytical method
true
An interpolation algorithm using cubic polynomials. [Allotrope]
cubic interpolation algorithm
true
Interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. [Wikipedia]
interpolation algorithm
true
Linear interpolation is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials to construct new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. [Wikipedia]
linear interpolation algorithm
true
event log
event protocol
protocol
2020-06-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A log is a list of related log entries. [Allotrope]
log
true
protocol entry
2020-06-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A log entry is a list item representing a recorded event. [Allotrope]
log entry
true
A quality profile control command is an action specification about a quality process profile. [Allotrope]
quality profile control command
true
An unretained peak is a peak which represents the detection result of a material entity which was not retained by a chromatography column. [Allotrope]
unretained peak
true
measurement scale
Level of measurement is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [Wikipedia]
level of measurement
true
A classification that only introduces categorical values. [Allotrope]
nominal scale
true
A classification of measurement that introduces equality and rank-ordering. [Allotrope]
ordinal scale
true
A scale that is based on equal quantitative intervals. [Allotrope]
interval scale
true
A scale that introduces a zero as origin and allows equality, rank-ordering, equality of intervals and equality of ratios. [Allotrope]
ratio scale
true
A log-interval scale is a type of measurement scale that classifies values based on logarithmic intervals. [Allotrope]
log-interval scale
true
A cyclic scale is a type of measurement scale that classifies values based on recurring intervals. [Allotrope]
angle
orientation
weekday
cyclic scale
true
Counts are like ratio scale that they have a zero point but there are no meaningful fractional units. [Allotrope]
counts
true
A classification is a proposition that categorizes things into classes or collections of things differentiated by some criteria. [Allotrope]
classification
true
ID
An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, physical [countable] object (or class thereof), or physical [uncountable] substance (or class thereof). [Wikipedia]
identifier
true
A globally unique identifier is an identifier whose uniqueness is guaranteed in a decentralized way by following a certain algorithm in its creation. [Allotrope]
a UUID
globally unique identifier
true
An identifier that uniquely denotes objects only within the scope of a specific object aggregate and that is not registered in an identifier registry. [Allotrope]
local identifier
true
A range that describes a range of quantity values using the same unit. [Allotrope]
quantity range
true
A list index is a type of index that is related to a list item in a collection. [Allotrope]
list index
true
A description is a proposition about an existing entity. [Allotrope]
description
true
A facet is a partial information that contains an aspect of some information content entity or parts of it when participating in some process. The facet abstracts of the concrete representation of this aspect of information. [Allotrope]
facet
true
A multiplicand in a mathematical product expression. [Allotrope]
factor
true
A factor with a complex number as value. [Allotrope]
complex factor
true
A factor with a integer number as value. [Allotrope]
integer factor
true
A factor with a real number as value. [Allotrope]
real factor
true
A facet that represents some strictly ordered key in an associative array or the position of a member in a list. [Allotrope]
index
true
An index that denotes some matrix component. [Allotrope]
matrix index
true
An index that denotes some tensor component. [Allotrope]
tensor index
true
An index that denotes some vector component. [Allotrope]
vector index
true
An order facet adds information of the ordering of some information in an aggregation of information. [Allotrope]
order
true
A predecessor is an order facet of an information content entity that refers to the information content entity immediately before it in a containing list. [Allotrope]
predecessor
true
A successor is an order facet of an information content entity that refers to the information content entity immediately after it in a containing list. [Allotrope]
successor
true
base
In mathematical numeral systems, the radix or base is the number of unique digits, including zero, used to represent numbers in a positional numeral system. [Wikipedia]
radix
0
1
true
Size is the number of members of some collection of data. [Allotrope]
size
true
timestamp
2018-10-29 Changed pref label to time, timestamp is alt label [Allotrope]
A time is a facet that adds temporal information to an information content entity about the point in time when the information content entity it is participating in the some process. [Allotrope]
Duration is a close match, but is about a time interval.
This facet can have multiple representational forms, e.g. XML dateTime or QUDT time quantity values.
time
true
flow specification
protocol
workflow specification
A specification on the order, transitions and trigger of multiple action specifications that are part of some aggregate action specification. [Allotrope]
procedure specification
true
An interpolation algorithm using polynomials. [Allotrope]
polynomial interpolation algorithm
true
An interpolation algorithm using cubic polynomials. [Allotrope]
quadratic interpolation algorithm
true
command
instruction
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. [IAO]
action specification
true
An action specification that specifies an event within a process when the specified activity is realized. [Allotrope]
The events are modeled after the ISA-S88 process commands. [Allotrope]
process command
true
A specification that specifies a participant in a process by the function it bears in it. [Allotrope]
function specification
true
event table
linear procedure specification
sequence specification
2018-10-19 Changed pref label [Allotrope]
A procedure specification with a linear ordered collection of action specifications. [Allotrope]
sequential procedure specification
true
A facet that is part of a peak. [Allotrope]
peak facet
true
A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the peak apex offset by the baseline ascribed to the peak. [Allotrope]
peak height
true
peak height (relative)
2018-07-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A peak facet that denotes the height of the peak relative to some other peak or summation of peaks. [Allotrope]
relative peak height
true
increment
The difference between two discrete points next to each other in a range of discrete values. [Allotrope]
A device property can be set between a minimum and maximum value but only in steps of the increment value. [Allotrope]
Step size of sweeping over 2Theta, unit ° [Allotrope]
step size
true
time
2019-07-04 Moved under process quantification facet in taxonomy. [Allotrope]
A measure of the magnitude of the time region in which the process occurs. [Allotrope]
duration
true
The date/time of the measurement. [Allotrope]
measurement time
true
A description of a fundamental characteristic of a process. [Allotrope]
process property
true
2019-07-04 Moved under process quantification facet in taxonomy. [Allotrope]
A measure of the magnitude of change of some participating entity per amount of time relative to other processes having similar changes. [Allotrope]
rate
true
An observation is a description of a portion of reality that has been observed during an observing process. [Allotrope]
observation
true
The number of points is the total number of points sampled during a measurement. [Allotrope]
In a spectrum, the number of points is the total number of peak positions.
number of quick slope points in UV/VIS
number of sampled points
true
directive information entity
A specification is a proposition about the intended purpose or design of an entity. [Allotrope]
specification
true
tensor
tensor value
In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors. Elementary examples of such relations include the dot product, the cross product, and linear maps. The tensor datum is a facet that uses a tensor as an abstract mathematical description. [Wikipedia]
tensor datum
true
higher-order tensor
higher-order tensor value
A tensor with order greater than 2. [Allotrope]
higher-order tensor datum
2
true
matrix
matrix value
In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. [Wikipedia]
matrix datum
0
0
true
scalar
scalar value
A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space. [Wikipedia]
review of definition needed
scalar datum
1
true
Euclidean vector
geometric vector
vector
vector value
In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric or spatial vector, or—as here—simply a vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction. [Wikipedia]
vector datum
true
integer vector
integer vector datum
A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only integer scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector integer datum
true
number vector
number vector datum
number vector value
A vector number datum is a vector datum that has only numeric scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector number datum
true
quantity vector
quantity vector datum
quantity vector value
A vector quantity datum is a vector datum that has only quantity value scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector quantity datum
true
time
time interval
time value
A time datum is a type of datum that quantifies a duration of time or is about a time interval. [Allotrope]
time datum
true
scalar range
scalar range value
A scalar range datum is a type of datum that is about range quantified by a scalar value. [Allotrope]
scalar range datum
A function specification that specifies the ways of achievement. [Allotrope]
method function specification
true
A specification that specifies the determinate range of some quality. [Allotrope]
quality specification
true
A capability specification specifies some function that the target of the specification inheres. This capability can be restricted to a specific situation. [Allotrope]
capability specification
true
A participant specification which specifies an information object that has the contextual role of a parameter in the realized process. [Allotrope]
A parameter specification can include a formal name, a datatype, a shape or range of values if the parameter is a datum.
A parameter specification is about a parameter. It is a parameter itself only in the context of a specification process.
parameter specification
true
A participant specification that specifies a information objects that have the contextual role of a result in the realized process. [Allotrope]
result specification
true
2018-11-16 Allow contextual roles to be referenced as well has normal roles in role specifications. [Allotrope]
A specification that specifies a participant in a process by the general role it plays in it. [Allotrope]
role specification
true
A specification about the transition between two or more actions. [Allotrope]
transition specification
true
A trigger specification is a situation specification that specifies a trigger. [Allotrope]
trigger specification
true
A specification of a circumstances (process). [Allotrope]
situation specification
true
scalar integer value
A datum that is an integer value. [Allotrope]
scalar integer datum
count (datum)
count datum
count facet
2020-12-01 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
A datum that has non-negative integer values that is about the number of discrete things. [Allotrope]
count
true
A datum that is a decimal value. [Allotrope]
scalar decimal datum
true
A datum that is a IEEE floating point value. [Allotrope]
scalar floating point number datum
true
scalar nominal datum
A scalar categorical datum is a type of datum that describes something based on a scalar value for a kind of category. [Allotrope]
scalar categorical datum
true
A scalar datum that has a numeric value. [Allotrope]
scalar number datum
true
scalar quantity
scalar quantity value
A scalar quantity datum is a type of datum that is about a quantity and quantifies by a scalar value. [Allotrope]
scalar quantity datum
true
assertion
content
statement
A proposition is an information content entity that is statement or assertion that has a truth value. [Allotrope]
proposition
true
A representation form is a type of information content entity that represents an entity in a certain way. [Allotrope]
plot as representation form of a temperature profile
representation form
true
A model is a purposeful simplified description of a part of reality that focuses on specific aspects. [Allotrope]
model
true
A model that explains some principle rules about something. [Allotrope]
theory
true
A physical domain is a type of description that covers physical objects. [Allotrope]
physical domain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal
An information content entity that is an input or output in a process at the boundary of a system. The signal is sent or received via ports of the system. The signal conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some phenomenon. [Allotrope]
signal
true
A specification that is part of some action specification that specifies some continuant that when the concretized action is realized becomes a participant playing some (contextual) role in the process. [Allotrope]
participant specification
true
true
isobar
2019-05-09 Moved under classification datum. [Allotrope]
Isobar is a classification facet that classifies atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. [Wikipedia]
isobar (nuclide)
0
1
true
A tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements. [Wikipedia]
tuple
true
abstract object
A mathematical object is an information content entity that is an abstraction in the area of mathematics. It has a formal definition that allows for deductive reasoning and mathematical proofs. [Allotrope]
mathematical object
true
A 1-tuple is a tuple that is a singleton. [Wikipedia]
1-tuple
2
true
A 2-tuple is a tuple that is an ordered pair. [Wikipedia]
2-tuple
true
A 3-tuple is a tuple that is a triple or triplet. [Wikipedia]
3-tuple
true
2020-03-24 Moved under situation specification. [Allotrope]
A configuration specification is a situation specification that is about a realized configuration inhered in a specification target. [Allotrope]
configuration specification
true
2019-05-10 Moved up in hierarchy [Allotrope]
A registry is information content entity that is an aggregate of designations. [Allotrope]
registry
true
A description of distribution of a quantity with respect to a set of parameters. [Allotrope]
This can be the result of a measurement, simulation or prediction. [Allotrope]
data distribution function
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname
last name
surname
2019-05-10 Moved under written name [Allotrope]
A family name is a name that is the portion (in some cultures) of a personal name that indicates a person's family (or tribe or community, depending on the culture). [Wikipedia]
The family name is provided (alongside given name) for use when describing parts of people's names. Although these concepts do not capture the full range of personal naming styles found world-wide, they are commonly used and have some value. [FoaF]
family name
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Given_name
Christian name
first name
forename
2019-05-10 Moved under written name [Allotrope]
A given name is a name that is a part of a person's personal name. [Wikipedia]
The given name is provided (alongside family name) for use when describing parts of people's names. Although these concepts do not capture the full range of personal naming styles found world-wide, they are commonly used and have some value. [FoaF]
given name
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name
full name
name
person name
2019-05-10 Moved under written name [Allotrope]
A personal name is a name that is composed of a set of names by which an individual is known. [Allotrope]
personal name
A country name is a location facet that denotes a country. [Allotrope]
country name
A facet that is about some spatial region or site. [Allotrope]
the facets of an address
location facet
A homepage hyperlink is a web page hyperlink that is a reference to home page of a person or organization. [Allotrope]
homepage hyperlink
A web page hyperlink is a URL that is a reference to web page. [Allotrope]
web page hyperlink
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. [Wikipedia]
URL
LDAP ID
ldap id
2020-03-20 Changed pref label, added alt labels. [Allotrope]
An LDAP identifier is an online account managed by an LDAP server and follows the LDAP specification. [Allotrope]
ldap identifier
local system account ID
2021-06-23 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
An account to a local computer. [Allotrope]
local system account ID
A written name denoting a locality (e.g. city) as part a postal address. [Allotrope]
locality
A molecular structure is a description of the type and arrangement of the atoms and the direction of bonds linking atoms that constitute a molecule. [Allotrope]
molecular structure
2018-07-19 Definition changed. [Allotrope]
A peak facet that quantitates the area enclosed by a peak and the selected baseline. [Allotrope]
peak area
A peak facet that denotes the abscissa value of the extrema (maxima or minima) attributed to the peak in a data description function. The extrema is often determined through a mathematical fitting of measurement signals to eliminate spurious extrema due to noise. [Allotrope]
peak position
2018-08-01 Changed definition [Allotrope]
A peak facet denoting its width at a specified peak height or variance. [Allotrope]
peak width
The street address is a location facet of a postal address, that denotes a street. [Allotrope]
street address
telephone
A number for calling a telephone. [Allotrope]
telephone number
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_(disambiguation)
A title is a prefix or suffix added to a personal name. A title can be a title of honor, that is a title bestowed as an award, a honorary title (academic), that is a recognition of contributions by a non-employee or employee, a hereditary title, that is a title that remains in a family or a job title, that is a designation of a person's position in an organization. [Wikipedia]
Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr.
title
An honorific prefix is a facet that is part of a prefix to a person's name. [Allotrope]
honorific prefix
A facet that is about communication channels. [Allotrope]
communication facet
A location name is a location facet that denotes a geographical place. [Allotrope]
location name
A postal code of a postal address. [Allotrope]
ZIP code
postal code
2018-07-19 Definition changed. [Allotrope]
A peak facet that describes the deviation of the peak's distribution from symmetry about its mean. [Allotrope]
peak asymmetry
2020-03-20 Added quantification facet superclass. [Allotrope]
Retention time is a chromatography peak facet that indicates the elapsed time between the injection of the sample and the maximum detector response attributed to the peak (analyte band). [Allotrope]
retention time
Slope is a mathematical facet of a line that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line. [Wikipedia]
slope
dot
two-dimensional point
A point is a two-dimensional figure that represents a zero-dimensional spacial region. [Allotrope]
point
true
A figure facet is a facet that is part of a figure. [Allotrope]
figure facet
An assignment is a proposition that is an assertion of some relation between entities. [Allotrope]
assignment
true
A timebase is a description that is about a point in time (process boundary or zero dimensional temporal region) that has the role of a temporal reference. [Allotrope]
timebase
true
A facet that is part of a mathematical expression, formula or equation. [Allotrope]
mathematical facet
true
quantity facet
2019-07-04 Changed pref label to be more precise. [Allotrope]
2020-12-01 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
2021-03-16 Fixed quantifies some mass. [Allotrope]
A facet that is part of a quantification of a quality, aggregate or process. [Allotrope]
A quantification facet is usually a quantity value or a categorization into some group. It is described by a numeric value together with a unit or a categorical value. [Allotrope]
quantification facet
true
capability (proposition)
2020-12-01 Changed label and definition. [Allotrope]
A capability is a proposition that is about a function, role or quality realized under given conditions. [Allotrope]
A capability can be in a description or specification role.
capability
A scalar double datum is a scalar floating point number datum having a IEEE double precision datum (xsd:double). [Allotrope]
scalar double datum
cell counter result facet
A cell counter result data is a facet of a document about a cell counting assay that is about a some result of the cell counting assay. [Allotrope]
cell counter result datum
cell counter parameter
A cell counter parameter datum is a facet of a document about a cell counting assay that is about a some parameter of the cell counting assay. [Allotrope]
cell counter setting
viable cell density
viable density
Viable cell density is a cell counter result data that quantifies the number density of the viable cells in the sample in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope]
viable cell density (cell counter)
dilution ratio
Cell density dilution factor is a cell counter parameter data that describes the dilution factor of the solution prepared for the cell counting assay. [Allotrope]
cell density dilution factor
cell type
Cell type is cell counter parameter data that describes the type of cells analyzed in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope]
cell type (cell counter)
viability
Viability is a cell counter result data that quantifies the viability of the cells analyzed. [Allotrope]
viability (cell counter)
total cell density
total density
Total cell density is a cell counter result data that quantifies the number density of the cells in the sample in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope]
total cell density (cell counter)
average live diameter
live cell diameter
Average live cell diameter is a cell counter result data that states the average diameter of the living cells measured. [Allotrope]
average live cell diameter (cell counter)
Total cell count is a cell counter result data that states the total number of cells that were counted in the cell counting measurement. [Allotrope]
total cell count
live cell count
live count
total live count
viable count
Viable cell count is a cell counter result data that states the number of viable cells that were counted in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope]
viable cell count
true
analyst ID
analyst id
analyst identifier
operator
2020-03-09 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope]
Analyst is measurement metadata about the name or identifier of a person that has the role of an analyst in the measurement. [Allotrope]
analyst
Measurement metadata is a facet that is part of a information content entity about a measurement that is about the context of the measurement, but not directly about the measurement result or a measurement parameter. [Allotrope]
measurement metadata
true
sample ID
sample id
Sample id is a measurement metadata that identifies a sample being measured. [Allotrope]
sample identifier
true
device serial number
instrument serial number
machine serial number
2020-03-23 Add alt labels. [Allotrope]
2020-03-23 Subclassed under device identifier. [Allotrope]
Equipment serial number is a serial number that identifies an equipment used in the measuring by its serial number. [Allotrope]
equipment serial number
true
batch ID
batch id
lot ID
lot id
lot identifier
2020-06-15 Removed measurement metadata superclass and generalized the definition. [Allotrope]
A batch identifier is an identifier that identifies a batch. [Allotrope]
A batch identifier is used to reference the batch where a sample is taken from for being measured. In this case it is a measurement metadata. [Allotrope]
batch identifier
true
measurement id
run id
run identifier
Measurement id is measurement metadata that identifies the measuring run. [Allotrope]
measurement identifier
true
A sampling specification is an action specification of the way a sampling is done. [Allotrope]
sampling specification
pCO2
partial pressure of carbon dioxide
pCO2 is a blood gas result datum that quantifies the partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in solution. [Allotrope]
pCO2 (bga)
pO2
partial pressure of oxygen
pO2 is a blood gas result datum that quantifies the partial pressure of oxygen gas dissolved in the blood. [Allotrope]
pO2 (bga)
pH (datum)
pondus hydrogenii
pH (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, defined as the decadic logarithm of the reciprocal activity of hydrogen ions. [Allotrope]
pH
PAC, 1990, 62, 2167 (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990))
PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996))
absorbance (datum)
Absorbance is a quantity facet that quantifies the absorbance as logarithm to the base 10 (linear absorbance) of the incident (prior to absorption) spectral radiant power, divided by the transmitted spectral radiant power. [IUPAC]
absorbance
The acquisition time is the time when a signal is captured. [Allotrope]
acquisition time
wavelength (datum)
A wavelength is a facet that quantifies a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. [Allotrope]
wavelength
true
peak ID
peak id
2020-03-09 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope]
A peak identifier is an identifier that identifies a peak. [Allotrope]
peak identifier
peak area (relative)
A peak facet that denotes the area of the peak relative to some other peak or summation of peaks. [Allotrope]
relative peak area
A peak name is a written name that denotes some peak. [Allotrope]
peak name
A peak index is an index that denotes a peak in a list of peaks. [Allotrope]
peak index
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(electronics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal
An information content entity that describes the unwanted random and systematic fluctuations to the signal that limit the ability to detect a signal contribution of interest. [Allotrope]
noise
2020-03-20 Added superclass quality quantification facet. [Allotrope]
A peak facet that quantitates the amount of analyte attributed to the peak based on a calibration curve, response factor or other quantitative formula. [Allotrope]
peak analyte amount
A peak facet that denotes the amount of analyte ascribed to a the peak relative to the amount of some other analyte or summation of analytes. [Allotrope]
relative peak analyte amount
A peak facet that indicates whether the response curve of the peak is above or below the signal baseline. [Allotrope]
peak polarity
2020-03-20 Added quantification facet superclass. [Allotrope]
A chromatography peak facet that denotes the retention time of the peak relative to some other specified reference peak. [Allotrope]
relative retention time
A relative retention time that quantitates the ratio of the retention time of the peak relative to some other specified reference peak. [Allotrope]
unadjusted relative retention
A relative retention time that quantitates the ratio of the adjusted retention time (corrected for hold-up time) of the peak relative to the adjusted retention time of some reference peak. [Allotrope]
adjusted relative retention
true
A chromatography peak facet is a facet of a chromatography peak. [Allotrope]
chromatography peak facet
A peak facet that denotes the first value of the abscissa that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope]
peak start
A peak facet that denotes the first value of the ordinate that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope]
peak value at start
A peak facet that denotes the last value of the abscissa that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope]
peak end
A peak facet that denotes the last value of the ordinate that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope]
peak value at end
A peak facet that describes the peak start boundary with respect to the signal, integration determined signal baseline or a neighboring peak. [Allotrope]
peak baseline start code
A peak facet that describes the peak end boundary with respect to the signal, integration determined signal baseline or a neighboring peak. [Allotrope]
peak baseline end code
A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a peak at the peak start time. [Allotrope]
baseline value at start of peak
A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a peak at the peak end time. [Allotrope]
baseline value at end of peak
A peak point is a data point that is a member of a peak. [Allotrope]
peak point
2020-04-28 Moved to AFO for single inheritence in AFT. [Allotrope]
A 2D-data point is a data point in 2-dimensional space. [Allotrope]
2D-data point
2020-04-28 Moved to AFO for single inheritence in AFT. [Allotrope]
A 3D-data point is a data point in 3-dimensional space. [Allotrope]
3D-data point
The peak start point is the data point of the peak with the smallest abscissa value. [Allotrope]
peak start point
The peak start point is the data point of the peak with the largest abscissa value. [Allotrope]
peak end point
true
The peak maximum point is the data point of the peak with the largest ordinate value. [Allotrope]
peak maximum point
tuple element
tuple object
A tuple item is an object in a tuple. [Allotrope]
tuple item
A peak facet that ratios the peak height value with background level of noise. It is an indication of the sensitivity of a particular method toward the analyte that the peak represents. [Allotrope]
signal-to-noise ratio
A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the Root Mean Square noise method. [Allotrope]
signal-to-noise ratio (RMS)
signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, EP 2.2.46)
signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, JP-G20)
signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, USP 621)
2019-09-26 Removed alt labels, now their own subclasses. [Allotrope]
A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the peak-to-peak noise method. This includes JP-G20 (measured over optimally 20 X peak width at half height but at least 5 times the peak width at half height), EP 2.2.46 (measured over at least 5 times the peak width at half height), USP 621 (measured over at least 5 times the peak width at half height). [Allotrope]
signal-to-noise ratio (peak-to-peak)
A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the ASTM E1657-98 method. [Allotrope]
signal-to-noise ratio (ASTM E1657-98)
A peak facet that measures the degree of separation between the peak and another specified peak. [Allotrope]
peak resolution
The peak minimum point is the data point of the peak with the smallest ordinate value. [Allotrope]
peak minimum point
The peak extremum point is the data point of the peak with the largest or smallest ordinate value. [Allotrope]
peak extremum point
population
population (statistics)
2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope]
In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment. A statistical population can be a group of existing objects or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience. [Wikipedia]
statistical population
statistical sample
2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope]
A statistical sample set is a description of a subset of the statistical population, that is chosen to represent the population in a statistical analysis. [Wikipedia]
statistical sample set
A partition is a collection that is an aggregate part of a larger collection. Each member of the partition is also a member of the larger collection. [Allotrope]
partition
2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope]
A descriptive statistic is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features of a collection of information. [Wikipedia]
descriptive statistic
aggregate facet
summary facet
A summary datum is a facet of a collection that is about summary information about features of the members of the collection, such as descriptive statistics in order to communicate the largest amount of information as simply as possible. [Allotrope]
maximum height of a peak - peak is a collection of peak points, peak height is a facet of each peak point.
summary datum
true
The position is the location of a physical entity. [Allotrope]
Geolocation expressed as geographic coordinates
Position expressed with respect to a given coordinate system at some time t.
Position of a vial on a tray expressed as indexed number.
position
true
2018-07-23 Replaced deprecated af-p:AFP_0001083
2019-08-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
2019-08-19 Moved under data point. [Allotrope]
2020-04-28 Add subclass of calibration result.
A calibration point is a single calibration result at a specific test point (one or more reference values). [Allotrope]
In pH calibration a point with a set pH and buffer solution.
calibration point
true
composition
formulation
The formulation of a material is a data object that describes its composition of ingredients. [Allotrope]
formulation description
blank reading
2020-12-11 Add label. [Allotrope]
An information content entity that describes the background (offset) component of a signal not due to the analyte (peak) of interest. [Allotrope]
baseline
PAC, 1990, 62, 2167 (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990))
PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993))
baseline
The portion of the chromatogram recording the detector response when only the mobile phase emerges from the column. [IUPAC]
baseline (chromatography)
Term granularity relates an entity to an instance of granularity that describes the level of granularity that a term belongs to. [Allotrope]
A vial is a container that exists in macroscopic scale.
term granularity
A chromatographic peak facet that quantitates the degree of separation between two peaks of a chromatogram. [Allotrope]
chromatographic peak resolution
chromatographic peak resolution by USP <621> using widths at baseline
chromatographic peak resolution calculated by the ASTM method
Chromatographic peak resolution that is calculated by the USP <621> method using peak widths measured at the baseline. [Allotrope]
chromatographic peak resolution using baseline peak widths
chromatographic peak resolution by USP using widths at half-height
chromatographic peak resolution calculated by EP
chromatographic peak resolution calculated by JP-27
Chromatographic peak resolution that is calculated using peak widths measured at the half height. [Allotrope]
chromatographic peak resolution using peak width at half-height
Chromatographic peak resolution that is calculated based on peak widths derived from the second statistical moment (peak variance). [Allotrope]
chromatographic peak resolution using statistical moments
capacity ratio
mass distribution ratio
partition ratio
retention factor
The capacity factor is a chromatography peak facet that is a measure of the time the sample component resides in the stationary phase relative to the time it resides in the mobile phase: it expresses how much longer a sample component is retarded by the stationary phase than it would take to travel through the column with the velocity of the mobile phase. [IUPAC]
capacity factor (chromatography)
peak selectivity
A chromatography peak facet that denotes the ratio of the peak's capacity factor to that of another specified peak. [Allotrope]
peak selectivity (chromatography)
tailing factor
A chromatography peak facet that denotes the ratio of the peak's capacity factor to that of another specified peak. [Allotrope]
chromatographic peak asymmetry factor
asymmetry factor by EP
asymmetry factor by JP-27
tailing factor by USP <621> method
A quantitative asymmetry factor using 5% peak height. [Allotrope]
asymmetry factor measured at 5 percent height
statistical skew
A quantitative asymmetry factor using the third statistical moment calculated from the peak. [Allotrope]
statistical skew (chromatography)
number of theoretical plates
A chromatography peak facet that measures the amount of band broadening that occurs during the separation and thus the efficiency of the chromatographic system. [Allotrope]
number of theoretical plates (chromatography)
number of theoretical plates by ASTM
number of theoretical plates by USP method
The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the peak width measured at the baseline. [Allotrope]
number of theoretical plates by tangent method
number of theoretical plates by EP method
number of theoretical plates by JP method
The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the peak width measured at half height. [Allotrope]
number of theoretical plates by peak width at half height
autosampler setting
2019-07-01 Changed specification target to be a device configuration. [Allotrope]
A parameter specification specific to the sampler device in the chromatography system. [Allotrope]
autosampler setting (chromatography)
control parameter
A control setting is a setting that controls how a process is executed by some system. [Allotrope]
control setting
alert parameter
An alert setting is a setting that specifies conditions and situations that trigger alerts during the operation of a device. [Allotrope]
maximum environment humidity
maximum pressure of the fluid for a plumbing system
minimum environment temperature for operation
alert setting
A detector setting is a setting that specifies a detector configuration. [Allotrope]
detector setting
An electronic absorbance detector setting is a setting that specifies a device configuration of an electronic absorbance detector. [Allotrope]
electronic absorbance detector setting
A detector offset setting is a detector setting parameter that adds the specified value to its output signal. It is often used to avoid negative signal values. [Allotrope]
detector offset setting
acquisition rate
detection sampling rate
detector rate setting
sampling frequency
sampling rate
sampling rate setting
A detector sampling rate setting is a detector setting parameter that specifies the rate at which the detector changes its output signal. It is limited by the actual physical/chemical process of detection and the detector electronics. Often the sample rate is set lower than the maximum sampling rate so that adjacent data points can be averaged to provide better signal to noise. [Allotrope]
detector sampling rate setting
detector reference bandwidth setting
An electronic absorbance reference bandwidth setting is an electronic absorbance detector setting parameter that specifies the bandwidth of the reference signal that is subtracted from a particular signal of the device in order to compensate for background signal and noise. [Allotrope]
electronic absorbance reference bandwidth setting
detector reference wavelength setting
An electronic absorbance reference wavelength setting is an electronic absorbance detector setting parameter that specifies the nominal reference wavelength of the reference signal that is subtracted from a particular signal of the device in order to compensate for background signal and noise. [Allotrope]
electronic absorbance reference wavelength setting
detector bandwidth setting
An electronic absorbance bandwidth setting is an electronic absorbance detector setting parameter that specifies the bandwidth of a particular signal to be measured by the device. [Allotrope]
electronic absorbance bandwidth setting
detector wavelength setting
An electronic absorbance wavelength setting that is an electronic absorbance detector setting parameter that specifies the nominal wavelength of a particular signal to be measured by the device. [Allotrope]
electronic absorbance wavelength setting
true
temperature parameter
2018-12-10 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
2018-12-10 Make a defined class. [Allotrope]
2018-12-10 Move from AFT to AFO. [Allotrope]
2019-07-04 Changed to more verbose definition. [Allotrope]
A temperature setting is a setting that specifies some temperature configuration of a temperature controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target temperature at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
temperature setting
formula
function
function (mathematics)
2018-12-19 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
A function is a process or a relation that associates each element x of a set X, the domain of the function, to a single element y of another set Y (possibly the same set), the codomain of the function. [Wikipedia]
function (math)
equipment manufacturer
manufacturer
A product manufacturer is a symbol that denotes the organizational entity manufacturing some entity with a product role (economic). [Allotrope]
product manufacturer
A firmware version is a version number that identifies the firmware of a device. [Allotrope]
firmware version
In electronic systems and computing, firmware is "the combination of a hardware device, e.g. an integrated circuit, and computer instructions and data that reside as read only software on that device". As a result, firmware usually cannot be modified during normal operation of the device. Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems (such as traffic lights, consumer appliances, and digital watches), computers, computer peripherals, mobile phones, and digital cameras. The firmware contained in these devices provides the control program for the device. [Wikipedia]
firmware
In computer science, a queue is a particular kind of abstract data type or collection in which the entities in the collection are kept in order and the principal (or only) operations on the collection are the addition of entities to the rear terminal position, known as enqueue, and removal of entities from the front terminal position, known as dequeue. [Wikipedia]
queue
measurement queue
A list used to sequence objects and to line up requests for a resource. [NCI]
request queue
The peak width determined at the baseline level. The peak tangents are drawn from the turning points of the leading and trailing edges. Then the points of intersection with the baseline are calculated. The distance between the two points of intersection is the baseline level width. [Allotrope]
peak width at baseline
The peak width calculated at five percent of its peak height. [Allotrope]
peak width at 5% of height
The peak width calculated at half of the peak height. [Allotrope]
peak width at half height
autosampler injection volume setting
injection volume
injection volume setting
An autosampler parameter specification that specifies the volume of sample the autosampler is to inject into the mobile phase for separation. [Allotrope]
autosampler injection volume setting (chromatography)
pump parameter setting
2019-07-01 Changed specification target to be a device configuration. [Allotrope]
A parameter specification specific to the pump device in the chromatography system. [Allotrope]
pump setting (chromatography)
2019-07-01 Changed specification target to be a device configuration. [Allotrope]
A pump parameter specification that specifies the mobile phase ratio in the eluent. [Allotrope]
pump mobile phase ratio setting (chromatography)
2019-07-01 Changed specification target to be a device configuration. [Allotrope]
A pump parameter specification that specifies the total flow rate of the combined mobile phases (eluent). [Allotrope]
pump flow rate setting (chromatography)
true
norm
A standard is a norm or requirement that is established for technical systems. [Wikipedia]
standard
classification facet
type datum
type facet
2020-12-01 Add alt labels. [Allotrope]
A classification datum is a facet that classifies some entity. [Allotrope]
classification datum
true
class facet
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope]
A type datum is a classification datum that classifies a thing as an instance of an RDFS class. [Allotrope]
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
Textual definition only to avoid owl:full.
class datum
true
concept facet
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope]
A concept datum is a classification datum that classifies a thing by a SKOS concept. [Allotrope]
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
concept datum
true
code datum
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope]
A classification datum that classifies things by a code in a codelist. [Allotrope]
code classification datum
bga result datum
bga result facet
blood gas analysis result facet
blood gas measurement datum
blood gas measurement facet
A blood gas analysis result datum is a facet that is part a blood gas analysis result. [Allotrope]
blood gas analysis result datum
A type specification is a specification of a collection of things by the members of that collection being classified as instance of a class or concept, often with additional constraints. [Allotrope]
a SHACL node shape.
the humans that live in Berlin.
type specification
attribute specification
characteristic specification
feature specification
A property specification is a specification about a feature, property, attribute or characteristic. The specification defines constraints on it, such as being an instance of a specific class. [Allotrope]
a SHACL property shape
property specification
A scalar double datum is a scalar floating point number datum having a IEEE single precision datum (xsd:float). [Allotrope]
scalar float datum
fax
A number for calling a fax system. [Allotrope]
fax number
Skype ID
Skype id
2020-03-20 Changed pref label, added alt labels. [Allotrope]
A Skype ID is an online account on the Skype system. [Allotrope]
Skype identifier
An honorific prefix is a facet that is part of a suffix to a person's name. [Allotrope]
honorific suffix
An account describes authority and authorization to access resources on a system. [Allotrope]
account
online account ID
online account id
2020-03-20 Changed pref label, added alt labels. [Allotrope]
An account that is accessible via remote access. [Allotrope]
online account identifier
OpenID
OpenID id
2020-03-20 Changed pref label, added alt labels. [Allotrope]
OpenID is an identifier following the OpenID specification. [Allotrope]
OpenID identifier
The gender facet relates a human to a string representing its gender. [Allotrope]
In most cases the value will be the string 'female' or 'male' (in lowercase without surrounding quotes or spaces). Like all FOAF properties, there is in general no requirement to use gender in any particular document or description. Values other than 'male' and 'female' may be used, but are not enumerated here. The gender mechanism is not intended to capture the full variety of biological, social and sexual concepts associated with the word 'gender'. [FoaF]
gender
global positioning
A facet denoting a geographic position. [Allotrope]
geolocation
A region name is a location facet that denotes a geographic region (state, province). [Allotrope]
region name
birth date
A birthday is a facet indicating the day of birth of a person. [Allotrope]
birthday
A decision is a proposition that is a choice made from a set of alternative propositions. [Allotrope]
decision
decimal vector
A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only decimal scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector decimal datum
floating point vector
A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only floating point scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector floating point number datum
float vector
A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only IEEE single precision floating point scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector float datum
double vector
A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only IEEE double precision floating point scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector double datum
maximum pressure
plumbing pressure upper limit
pressure upper limit
2019-09-20 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2020-09-24 Changed alt labels. [Allotrope]
The pressure limit is a specification of the maximum pressure that the plumbing system can operate with. [Allotrope]
plumbing maximum pressure
true
method
plan
procedure
recipe
2020-05-11 Added alt labels method and procedure. [Allotrope]
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. [IAO]
To lose weight, go running daily for at least 30 minutes. To isolate plasma from blood, centrifuge tubes at 1100-1300 rpm for 15 minutes. [IAO]
plan specification
true
begin
begin command
start
A start command is a process command that orders the procedural element to begin executing the normal RUNNING logic. This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the IDLE state. [Allotrope]
start command
A setting is a specification about a configuration of some controllable system or a situation occurring in a system that triggers a reaction. [Allotrope]
A maximum pressure in a plumbing system that triggers a warning.
A temperature that is that target temperature setting of a thermostat.
setting
2019-05-10 Moved under written name [Allotrope]
The nick name is a written name of person that is a substitute for the proper name of a familiar person, place, or thing - commonly used for affection. [Wikipedia]
nick name
sampling method
statistical specification
A statistics method is a specification (method) for sampling a population, quantification of qualities of the samples and applying statistics on the quantified qualities to produce summary information on the population. [Allotrope]
statistical method
role datum
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO as defined class. [Allotrope]
A role class datum is a classification datum that classifies an entity by the role or contextual role class it plays in the context of the classification datum. [Allotrope]
role class datum
boolean
boolean datum
boolean value
A scalar datum that has a boolean value. [Allotrope]
scalar boolean datum
scalar text datum
string
string datum
string value
A scalar datum that has a textual value. [Allotrope]
scalar string datum
scalar datetime datum
timestamp
timestamp datum
timestamp value
A scalar datum that has a timestamp (xsd:dateTime) literal value. [Allotrope]
scalar timestamp datum
URI
URI datum
URI value
A scalar datum that has a URI as value. [Allotrope]
The URI value is here a literal represented by xsd:anyURI datatype. It is not an RDF resource reference. [Allotrope]
scalar URI datum
boolean vector
boolean vector datum
boolean vector value
A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only boolean scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector boolean datum
string vector
string vector datum
A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only string scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector string datum
datetime vector
datetime vector datum
timestamp vector
timestamp vector datum
vector datetime datum
A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only timestamp scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector timestamp datum
URI vector
URI vector datum
A vector URI datum is a vector datum that has only URI scalar components. [Allotrope]
vector URI datum
baseline data point
A baseline point is a data point that is member of a baseline. [Allotrope]
baseline point
The baseline start point is the data point of the baseline with the smallest abscissa value. [Allotrope]
baseline start point
true
The baseline start point is the data point of the baseline with the largest abscissa value. [Allotrope]
baseline end point
A baseline facet is a facet that is part of a baseline. [Allotrope]
baseline facet
A baseline facet that denotes the first value of the abscissa that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope]
baseline start
A baseline facet that denotes the last value of the abscissa that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope]
baseline end
A baseline facet that denotes the first value of the ordinate that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope]
baseline value at start
A baseline facet that denotes the last value of the ordinate that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope]
baseline value at end
2020-12-04 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
A setting snapshot is a setting for a specific point in time. [Allotrope]
The setting can be a collection of subsettings.
setting snapshot
3D UV spectrum
3D UV spectrum (abs. over wavelength and time)
UV spectra
UV spectrum
three dimensional ultraviolet spectrum
ultra-violet spectra
ultra-violet spectrum
ultraviolet spectra
ultraviolet spectrum
A plot of absorbance versus wavelength and versus time obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the ultraviolet region (190-400 nm) and as a function of time. [Allotrope]
three-dimensional ultraviolet spectrum
A high-performance liquid chromatography system method is a device method that specifies how an HPLC system should be operated. [Allotrope]
high-performance liquid chromatography system method
A value specification is a specification about constraints on the values of parameters or properties. [Allotrope]
The value can be an explicit value, a range of allowed values and the specification can have also pre conditions when the value specification applies. [Allotrope]
value specification
2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope]
2020-05-11 Fixed definition. [Allotrope]
Washing repetition setting is a setting that sets the number of repetitions of the washing. [Allotrope]
washing repetition setting
2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope]
Washing duration setting is a setting that sets the duration of the washing. [Allotrope]
washing duration setting
2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope]
Washing vial position setting is a setting that sets the position of the washing vial. [Allotrope]
washing vial position setting
2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope]
Washing solvent type is a setting that sets the type of washing solvent to use. [Allotrope]
washing solvent type
2020-01-06 Moved to chromatography domain. [Allotrope]
An autosampler temperature setting is a setting that sets the temperature within the autosampler. [Allotrope]
autosampler temperature setting
scan range setting
A detector scan range setting is a detector setting that sets the wavelength range of scans as well as the increment between different scans. [Allotrope]
A scan range from 280 to 700 nm with an increment of 2 nm from one scan to the next.
detector scan range setting
status specification
A state specification is a specification about a state that will be realized in some possible future occurrence. [Allotrope]
A specification about a device running, or pausing.
state specification
A trigger specification that specifies a trigger that triggers after a certain period of time. [Allotrope]
time trigger specification
An event specification is a specification about a point in time when a specific situation is realized or at process boundary. [Allotrope]
event specification
maximum flow gradient
pump maximum flow rate change setting
Maximum flow rate change setting is a control setting that sets the maximum rate at which the pump is allowed to change the % of solvents being flowed. [Allotrope]
maximum flow rate change setting
concept coordination
coordination
term coordination
A class coordination is a facet of a definition of a class that expresses some differentia. [Allotrope]
class coordination
A label coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class of individuals that are denoted by a common label. [Allotrope]
Channel A is a channel that has a label coordination with value 'A'.
label coordination
An end event specification is an event specification that is about the end of some process. [Allotrope]
end event specification
A start event specification is an event specification that is about the start of some process. [Allotrope]
start event specification
true
instrument method
A device method is a plan specification that specifies how some process is to be executed on a device. [Allotrope]
device method
true
A parallel procedure specification is a procedure specification having a set of activity specifications, that are to be realized in parallel. [Allotrope]
parallel procedure specification
A flow specification is a specification on how material or information is transferred or exchanged between subsequent activities. It links activity specifications using the direction contextual roles 'to role' and 'from role'. [Allotrope]
flow specification
A material flow specification is a flow specification about material transfers between processes. [Allotrope]
A material produced in a preparation activity is consumed in the next step. A procedure specification of this process contains a material flow specification linking the preparation activity with the consumption activity. [Allotrope]
material flow specification
information flow specification
A data flow specification is a flow specification about how information is exchanged between processes. [Allotrope]
data flow specification
A definition is a proposition that succinctly characterizes an entity. [Allotrope]
definition
aboutness coordination
A subject coordination is a class coordination of a subclass of information content entity with the subject the class is about. [Allotrope]
subject coordination
A role coordination is a class coordination of a class with the class of general role its instances have. [Allotrope]
A reference column is a class of columns that have an reference role. [Allotrope]
role coordination
A material coordination is a class coordination of a subclass of af-m:material. [Allotrope]
material coordination
component coordination
A component coordination is an ingredient that coordinates a material class with its components (of the same level of granularity). [Allotrope]
Hydrochloric acid solution is a solution coordinated with its component compounds water and hydrochloric acid. [Allotrope]
material component coordination
ingredient coordination
A substance coordination is a material coordination that coordinates the material class with the class of its granular parts of molecular scope. [Allotrope]
Potion of water is a af-m:compound with a substance coordination to chebi:water. [Allotrope]
substance coordination
An index coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class of individuals that are denoted by a common index. [Allotrope]
Column 1
index coordination
inherence coordination
A bearer coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a specifically dependent continuant class of individuals with the bearer that inheres it. [Allotrope]
Column temperature is a coordination of the quality temperature with column.
bearer coordination
A specification coordination is a subject coordination of a subclass of directive information class. [Allotrope]
Volume concentration setting is a setting that specifies the volume concentration.
specification coordination
A statistic coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class with a statistic contextual role. [Allotrope]
statistic coordination
A member coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a collection class with the class of its members. [Allotrope]
member coordination
A feature coordination is a class coordination that coordinates with a quality or facet class that exists in all members of a collection. [Allotrope]
Average cell diameter is a coordination of 'cell' which is the member class of the population, the feature 'diameter' and the statistic 'arithmetic mean'.
feature coordination
A parameter specification specific to a chromatography system. [Allotrope]
chromatography system setting
The injection volume setting is an injection setting that specifies the volume of the liquid to be injected. [Allotrope]
injection volume setting
A pump setting is a setting that specifies some configuration of a pump. [Allotrope]
pump setting
true
injection setting datum
injector setting
injector setting datum
An injection setting is a setting that specifies an injection setting configuration of an injection device. [Allotrope]
injection setting
A plumbing setting is a setting that specifies a configuration of a plumbing system. [Allotrope]
plumbing setting
flow rate setting
2019-09-20 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A flow rate setting is a plumbing setting that specifies the flow rate through the plumbing. [Allotrope]
plumbing flow rate setting
A quality quantification facet is a quantification facet that is a data output of some measurement and quantifies some measured quality. [Allotrope]
quality quantification facet
temperature (datum)
A temperature (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some temperature. [Allotrope]
temperature
osmolality (datum)
A osmolality (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some osmolality. [Allotrope]
osmolality
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
conductivity
conductivity (datum)
electric conductivity (datum)
Electrical conductivity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the reciprocal of resistivity in a conductor. [IUPAC]
electric conductivity
intensity (datum)
relative response function
signal intensity
Intensity (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the relative magnitude of a signal. [Allotrope]
intensity
PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981))
intensity
Raman intensity is the intensity of a Raman signal. [Allotrope]
Raman intensity
PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981))
intensity
interferogram intensity
Raman interferogram intensity is the intensity of the Raman interferogram signal. [Allotrope]
Raman interferogram intensity
PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981))
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_spectroscopy
Raman shift is the difference in wavenumbers between the observed Raman radiation and that of the excitation source. [Allotrope]
Raman wavenumber shift
wavenumber datum
Wavenumber (datum) is a quantity facet that is the reciprocal of the wavelength or the number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. [Allotrope]
wavenumber
A Raman spectrometer setting is a setting for a Raman spectrometer or its components. [Allotrope]
Raman spectrometer setting
PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981))
excitation laser wavelength
laser wavelength
The excitation laser wavelength setting is the wavelength of the laser beam used for the Raman excitation of the sample. [Allotrope]
excitation laser wavelength setting (Raman)
PAC, 1981, 53, (Presentation of raman spectra in data collections (Recommendations 1981))
excitation laser power
laser power
The excitation laser power setting is the power of the laser beam used for exciting the sample. [Allotrope]
excitation laser power setting
dark background correction (primary)
Dark background correction enabled is a setting for a Raman detector that controls whether compensation for background signals without illumination is active. [Allotrope]
dark background correction active
Raman spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an Raman spectrum. [Allotrope]
Raman spectrum data cube
Raman interferogram data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an Raman interferogram. [Allotrope]
Raman interferogram data cube
An interferogram is a data distribution function of interference between a reference wave and an experimental wave produced by an interferometer. [Allotrope]
interferogram
A Raman interferogram is an interferogram produced by FT Raman spectroscopy. [Allotrope]
Raman interferogram
interferogram time
time
Raman interferogram time is time used as abscissa of an Raman interferogram. [Allotrope]
Raman interferogram time
true
The analysis assay result is the assay result of an analysis assay. [Allotrope]
analysis assay result
true
An analysis assay result facet is a facet of an analysis assay result. [Allotrope]
analysis assay result facet
substance name
The analyte name is a name of a material that has the role of an analyte in an analysis assay. [Allotrope]
analyte name
plan specification name
recipe name
A method name is a name that denotes a plan specification (method). [Allotrope]
method name
The top identified substance is an analysis assay result facet that denotes the substance (class of materials) that has been identified by the analysis and ranked top in some measure of hit quality. [Allotrope]
top identified substance
HQI
The hit quality index is a measure how well the spectrum measured compares against a reference spectra of a search database. [Allotrope]
hit quality index
A fingerprinting result facet is a facet that is the result of a fingerprinting process. [Allotrope]
fingerprinting result facet
A fingerprinting parameter is a datum that is has a parameter role in some fingerprinting process. [Allotrope]
fingerprinting parameter
HQI margin
The hit quality index margin is a permitted hit quality index margin in either way (+/-) to account for noise and error. [Allotrope]
hit quality index margin
HQI threshold
The hit quality index threshold is a specification of a minimal hit quality index value for accepting positive match of the matched spectrum against the library spectrum. [Allotrope]
hit quality index threshold
analyte HQI
substance HQI
substance hit quality index
The analyte hit quality index is hit quality index of the measured spectrum of the analyte against a spectrum library. [Allotrope]
analyte hit quality index
A spectrum library name is a name that denotes a library of spectra used for substance identification by fingerprinting. [Allotrope]
spectrum library name
The library search upper limit is an upper limit on the abscissa values of spectra to be searched. [Allotrope]
library search upper limit
The library search lower limit is a lower limit on the abscissa values of spectra to be searched. [Allotrope]
library search lower limit
library search lower wavenumber limit
The library search start wavenumber is a lower limit on the wavenumber values of spectra to be searched. [Allotrope]
library search start wavenumber
library search upper wavenumber limit
The library search stop wavenumber is an upper limit on the wavenumber values of spectra to be searched. [Allotrope]
library search stop wavenumber
International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM 3rd edition) JCGM 200:2012
Resolution is a description of the smallest change in a quality being measured by a sensor (measurement instrument, detector) that causes a perceptible change in the corresponding indication. [Allotrope]
resolution
calibration date
A calibration time is a time that indicates when a calibration is done. [Allotrope]
calibration time
An inclusive gateway is a transition specification that has multiple activity successors. The process forks into each succeeding activity of the inclusive gateway where the guard condition is true. [Allotrope]
inclusive gateway
An exclusive gateway is a transition specification that has multiple conditional activity successors and an optional default transition. The guard conditions on the successors are checked and at most one of them must be true at the runtime. If no guard condition is met then the optional default transition is done or the process terminates. [Allotrope]
exclusive gateway
time offset
A delay is a process property that describes a difference in time between a process boundary and some other point in time. [Allotrope]
delay
end
end command
stop
A stop command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the stopping logic. [Allotrope]
This command is valid when the procedural element is in the running, pausing, paused, holding, held, or restarting state. [ISA-88]
stop command
pause
wait
wait command
A pause command is a process command that orders the procedural element to pause at the next programmed pause transition within its sequencing logic and await a resume command before proceeding. [Allotrope]
This command is only valid in the running state. [ISA-88]
pause command
restart
A restart command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the restarting logic to safely return to the running state. [Allotrope]
This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the held state. [ISA-88]
restart command
abort
An abort command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute an aborting logic. [Allotrope]
The command is valid in every state except for idle, completed, aborting and aborted. [ISA-88]
abort command
hold
A hold command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the holding logic. [Allotrope]
This command is valid when the procedural element is in the running, pausing, paused or restarting state. [ISA-88]
hold command
reset
A reset command is a process command that causes a transition to the idle state. [Allotrope]
This command is valid from the complete, aborted, and stopped states. [ISA-88]
reset command
resume
A resume command is a process command that orders a procedural element that has paused at a programmed transition as the result of either a pause command or a single step mode to resume execution. [Allotrope]
This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the paused state. [ISA-88]
resume command
A temporal coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class with a temporal aspect. [Allotrope]
temporal coordination
A topological coordination is a class coordination that coordinates a class with a topological aspect. [Allotrope]
left, right, top, bottom
topological coordination
true
set command
A control command is an action specification that specifies a setting to be set by a controlling process. [Allotrope]
control command
A part specification is a specification about parthood. Targets of this specifications are parts of some whole. [Allotrope]
part specification
An ingredient specification is a part specification about ingredients in a portion of mixed materials. [Allotrope]
ingredient specification
item specification
A member specification is a part specification about members of a collection or an object aggregate. [Allotrope]
member specification
A component specification is a part specification about the components of a system. [Allotrope]
component specification
A grain specification is a part specification about the granular parts of a whole. [Allotrope]
grain specification
A facet specification is a part specifications about some facet of an information content entity. [Allotrope]
facet specification
A condition that is fulfilled if a given value falls into a given range of values. [Allotrope]
value in range condition
flag
flag (condition)
switch
2020-12-04 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
A condition that is fulfilled if a given boolean value is equal to the specified boolean value. [Allotrope]
boolean condition
analysis enable
cooler with range enable
Autosampler injection trigger enable setting is a setting that activates or deactivates triggering of injection based on a specified temperature range. [Allotrope]
Cooler (with range) can be enabled in order to trigger injection once autosampler temperature has reached a certain value. Enabling the setting also involves activation of the cooler.
autosampler injection trigger enable setting
Autosampler injection trigger temperature setting is a setting that specifies the temperature range for triggering injection. [Allotrope]
autosampler injection trigger temperature setting
accepted deviation
allowed deviation
tolerance
Range of values of allowed deviation for a given value. [Allotrope]
Tolerance range of +/- 1 °C of a temperature value.
tolerance range
A detection duration setting is a setting specifies the total duration of a detection process. [Allotrope]
detection duration setting
true
2020-03-10 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A pump system method is a device method that specifies how pumping should be executed in a pump system. [Allotrope]
pump system method
DAD method
A diode array detector method is a device method specifies how a detection is executed on a diode array detector. [Allotrope]
diode array detector method
2020-01-06 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
2020-03-04 Subclassed under device method. [Allotrope]
An autosampler method is a device method that specifies how a sampling process should be executed on an autosampler. [Allotrope]
autosampler method
instrument method
A plan specification that specifies an LC-UV system process. [Allotrope]
LC-UV system method
Mobile phase delivery duration setting is a chromatography system setting that sets the total duration of mobile phase delivery. [Allotrope]
mobile phase delivery duration setting
Autosampler duration setting is a setting that sets the total duration of an autosampler process. [Allotrope]
autosampler duration setting
status condition
A condition that is fulfilled if a specified situation occurs. [Allotrope]
state condition
true
A volume setting is a setting that specifies some volume configuration of a controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the volume of some material at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
volume setting
true
A concentration ratio setting is a setting that specifies some concentration ratio configuration of a fluid controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the concentration ratio of a mixture at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
concentration ratio setting
true
A flow rate setting is a setting that specifies some flow rate configuration of a fluid controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the flow rate at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
flow rate setting
density
mass concentration (datum)
2020-05-11 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A mass concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]
mass concentration
formula
formula (mathematics)
A formula is a notation of a term, fact, rule or function expressed in terms of mathematical symbols. [Allotrope]
formula (math)
diagnostic profile
A diagnostic trace is a data distribution function that records the output of some diagnostic monitoring process over time. [Allotrope]
diagnostic trace
polarity (datum)
Polarity is a quality quantification facet that describes the positive or negative direction of an electrical, acoustical or magnetic force relative to a reference state. [Allotrope]
polarity
A polarity code is a code that indicates a polarity. [Allotrope]
polarity code
The integration time is the time when the integration of signals is done in a measurement system. [Allotrope]
integration time
The number of averages is the number of individual values taken for calculating a mean value. [Allotrope]
number of averages
The number of measurement averages is the number of averages of sub measurement results taken to produce an average measurement result. [Allotrope]
number of measurement averages
apodization
apodization filter
apodization method
Apodization (Raman) is the name of a filter method used in the data apodization of FT Raman spectra. [Allotrope]
apodization (Raman)
Raman parameter
A Raman spectroscopy parameter is a parameter that controls a Raman spectroscopy. [Allotrope]
Raman spectroscopy parameter
number of zero filling
zero filling factor
The factor of the size increase by time domain zero padding the Fourier transformation of a Raman spectrum. [Allotrope]
zero filling factor (Raman)
phase correction
Phase correction (Raman) is the name of a method for phase correction used to adjust FT Raman spectra. [Allotrope]
phase correction (Raman)
A repetition setting is a control setting that specifies the number of times an action is to be repeated. [Allotrope]
repetition setting
Frit size is a column specification that indicates the nominal size of pores in a frit designed to exclude particles larger than the specified size. [Allotrope]
frit size
A brand name is a marketed name given by a maker of a product to a product or class of products, especially a trademark. [Allotrope]
brand name
The part number is a model number of a class of device parts, specified by the device manufacturer. [Allotrope]
part number
A person facet is a facet that describes of a person's name or parts of it. [Allotrope]
person facet
activation switch
boolean setting
flag
switch
switch setting
A flag is a setting that allows switching a configuration on or off. [Allotrope]
flag (setting)
baseline at start of integration setting
baseline now
force baseline
Baseline at start of integration setting is a data processing setting that sets the ordinate value at the start of the integration baseline to the the value of the signal at the time indicated. [Allotrope]
baseline at start of integration setting (chromatography)
force split peak
peak end setting
split peak
Peak end setting is a data processing setting that sets the peak end to the value of the abscissa at the time indicated. [Allotrope]
peak end setting (chromatography)
baseline boundary setting
force valley baselines
Baseline boundary setting is a data processing setting that sets the ordinate values at the boundaries of the baseline of integration to the actual signal values at the peak start and peak end. [Allotrope]
baseline boundary setting (chromatography)
2020-12-04 Fixed flag parent. [Allotrope]
enable integration
integration on/off
integration with peak detection enabled setting
Integration with peak detection enabled setting is a data processing setting that allows the integration process to detect peaks for the time period specified. [Allotrope]
integration with peak detection enabled setting (chromatography)
2020-12-04 Fixed flag parent. [Allotrope]
enable negative peak detection
negative peak detection enabled setting
negative peaks on/off
Negative peak detection enabled is a data processing setting that allows peaks to be detected below the baseline for the time specified. [Allotrope]
negative peak detection enabled setting (chromatography)
area reject
area threshold for peak integration setting
set minimum area
Area threshold for peak integration setting is a data processing setting that sets a minimum or maximum area for a peak to be included in the integrated peak list. [Allotrope]
area threshold for peak integration setting (chromatography)
height reject
height threshold for peak integration setting
set minimum height
Height threshold for peak integration setting is a data processing setting that sets a minimum or maximum height for a peak to be included in the integrated peak list. [Allotrope]
height threshold for peak integration setting (chromatography)
expected average peak width setting
peak width
set peak width
Expected average peak width setting is a data processing setting that indicates a typical peak width for the time period specified. [Allotrope]
expected average peak width setting (chromatography)
2020-12-04 Fixed flag parent. [Allotrope]
detect shoulders on/off
enable shoulder detection
shoulder detection enabled setting
Shoulder detection enabled setting is a data processing setting that allows the integration process to interpolate a baseline for the smaller peak of overlapping peaks for the time period specified. [Allotrope]
shoulder detection enabled setting (chromatography)
A step interpolation algorithm is an interpolation algorithm where two subsequent points are interpolated by a step function that switches from the first ordinate value to the second ordinate value at the center of the abscissa values. [Allotrope]
step interpolation algorithm
A data processing setting is a setting that controls how a data processing process is executed by some system. [Allotrope]
data processing setting
firmware version
A version number that identifies software. [Allotrope]
software version
A frequency is a rate that quantifies the number of occurrences of some discrete event in a given amount of time. [Allotrope]
frequency
material id
material-id
product name
A material identifier is a identifier that identifies a material. [Allotrope]
material identifier
voltage
A voltage range is a quality quantification facet that describes operational range of a voltage measuring device. [Allotrope]
voltage range
2020-12-10 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A duration setting is a setting that specifies the duration of a planned process or the duration after which a situation should trigger. [Allotrope]
duration setting
A process quantification facet is a quantification facet that is the output of some measurement over a process or temporal region. [Allotrope]
process quantification facet
Length is a quality quantification facet the quantifies the distance between two points in space. [Allotrope]
length
A correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. [Wikipedia]
correlation coefficient
A calibration report is a description of the outcome of calibration and subsequent assessments and adjustments. [Allotrope]
calibration report
The calibration assessment is an assessment about the calibrated instrument whether it is within the specification of the calibration method. [Allotrope]
calibration assessment
A calibration certificate is a certificate that states that a specific item has been calibrated by some organization. [Allotrope]
calibration certificate
due date
The due date is a time that specifies when the next calibration run is due. [Allotrope]
due date (calibration)
The calibration interval is the duration between two consecutive calibrations. [Allotrope]
calibration interval
The calibration frequency is the frequency of how often calibrations are done in a time interval. [Allotrope]
calibration frequency
A calibration assessment code is a code indicating a calibration assessment about the performance of an instrument. [Allotrope]
calibration assessment code
evaluation
rating
An assessment is a proposition about the judgment on a situation after considering the information known about it. [Allotrope]
assessment
A calibration result is a relation between a nominal reference quantity or quantity distribution over time or a sample population and the measure of that quantity or distribution as it is found in the calibration of the instrument. [Allotrope]
calibration result
volume (datum)
A volume datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some amount of 3-dimensional space an entity occupies. [Allotrope]
volume
mass (datum)
2020-12-10 Changed restriction. [Allotrope]
A mass datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some amount of matter. [Allotrope]
mass
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) on page 998
A volume fraction datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. [IUPAC]
volume fraction
A measurement function is a mathematical function of quantities yielding for one or more input quantity value a corresponding unique output quantity value. [Allotrope]
measurement function
The calibration level is number of calibration points used to fit a function to a calibration curve. [Allotrope]
calibration level
A statistical facet is a mathematical facet that is part of some statistics. [Allotrope]
statistical facet
MRM transition report
A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition report is a report that is summarizing the analysis of a MRM experiment. [Allotrope]
multiple reaction monitoring transition report
2020-07-27 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
current
current (datum)
electric current (datum)
Current is a quality quantification datum that quantifies the ability to conduct an electrical charge. [PATO]
electric current
true
ion attribute
ion property
2020-05-11 Changed definition and moved under molecular entity facet. [Allotrope]
An ion facet is a molecular facet that is about some ion. [Allotrope]
ion facet
Charge state is a facet that is about the electrical charge of an ion. It is single or multiple and positive or negatively charged. [Allotrope]
charge state
multiple reaction monitoring transition
transition
An ion transition is a description of the transition from precursor ion to product ions. [Allotrope]
ion transition
A set of two m/z values corresponding to the precursor m/z and a fragment m/z that in combination can be used to identify or quantify a specific ion, although not necessarily uniquely. [PSI/MS]
true
transition list
A ion transition list is a collection of ion transitions. [Allotrope]
ion transition list
G. L. Glish, D. J. Burinsky. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 19, 161 (2008).
IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979. Compiled by J. Inczédy, T. Lengyel, A. M. Ure. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
J. Laskin, J. H. Futrell. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24, 135 (2005).
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
Mass resolution is a resolution in a mass spectrum, the observed m/z value divided by the smallest difference Δ(m/z) for two ions that can be separated: (m/z)/Δ(m/z). [IUPAC]
mass resolution
A mass spectrometry system setting is a setting that specifies the operation of a mass spectrometry system. [Allotrope]
mass spectrometry system setting
The dwell time is a mass spectrometry system setting that specifies the time spent gathering data across a peak. [Allotrope]
dwell time
mass-to-charge ratio
A quantification facet that quantifies the quantity formed by dividing the mass of an ion in unified atomic mass units by its charge number (regardless of sign). [IUPAC]
m/z
Mass-to-charge ratio is deprecated. Mass-to-charge ratio has been used occasionally for the horizontal axis in a plot of a mass spectrum, although the quantity measured is not the ion's mass divided by its electric charge (SI units kg C-1). [IUPAC]
m/z is recommended as an abbreviation to represent the dimensionless quantity that is used almost universally as the independent variable in a mass spectrum. [IUPAC]
A qualification is a proposition that an entity meets the requirements of a specific right or objective. [Allotrope]
qualification
A requirement is a proposition that states a set of conditions that have to be fulfilled to achieve some specific objective. [Allotrope]
requirement
The goal can be stated in a prescriptive (laws) or directive (plans) way. [Allotrope]
A qualifier transition ratio is a ratio of the magnitudes of the qualifier transition signal to the quantifier transition signal. [Allotrope]
qualifier transition ratio
A measured qualifier transition ratio is a qualifier transition ratio that has the contextual role of a measure. [Allotrope]
measured qualifier transition ratio
An expected qualifier transition ratio is a qualifier transition ratio that has the contextual role of an expected datum. [Allotrope]
expected qualifier transition ratio
A minimum qualifier transition ratio is a qualifier transition ratio that species a minimum allowed qualified transition ratio. [Allotrope]
minimum qualifier transition ratio
A maximum qualifier transition ratio is a qualifier transition ratio that species a maximum allowed qualified transition ratio. [Allotrope]
maximum qualifier transition ratio
A transition qualification is a qualification that a measured transition ratio that is consistent with the expected transition ratio. [Allotrope]
transition qualification
Collision energy is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the energy for an ion experiencing collision with a stationary gas particle resulting in dissociation of the ion. [PSI/MS]
collision energy
energy
2020-12-17 Added scope to prefLabel in order to separate from existing duplicate label. [Allotrope]
Energy amount is a quantification of the energy quality of a material or the amount of energy. [Allotrope]
energy (datum)
Energy is a material entity in BFO, so the energy quantification is about is amount quality. Material (matter) can bear energy, in this case it is the quantification of the energy quality.
flow rate (datum)
Flow rate is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the motion of material through a surface per time. [Allotrope]
flow rate
uniform naming convention path
universal naming convention path
An UNC path is a file path for a file location in a network that is specified by the universal naming convention. [Allotrope]
\\\\ComputerName\\SharedFolder\\Resource
UNC path
UNC
uniform naming convention
The universal naming convention is a specification for the syntax of an identifier for a location of a network resource, such as a shared file, directory or printer in Microsoft Windows. [Allotrope]
universal naming convention
voltage (datum)
Voltage is a quality quantification facet which quantifies the difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge. [Wikipedia]
voltage
power (datum)
Power is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the rate of doing work. [PATO]
power
pressure (datum)
Pressure is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mount of force exerted per unit area. [PATO]
pressure
upper temperature limit
An upper temperature limit is a temperature alert setting that specifies the maximum temperature the system can operate with. [Allotrope]
maximum operating temperature
lower temperature limit
A lower temperature limit is a temperature alert setting that specifies the minimum temperature the system can operate with. [Allotrope]
minimum operating temperature
An instrument setting indicating at what temperature the control system should engage a cryogenic coolant for cooling. [Allotrope]
cryogenic coolant cut-over setting
flow ratio
split ratio
split ratio setting
The flow ratio setting is a control setting that specifies the ratio of the flow going though the plumbing part (port of a divert valve, solvent channel) as part of a total flow. [Allotrope]
flow ratio setting
split ratio
Flow rate is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the ratio of the flow going though the plumbing part (port of a divert valve, solvent channel) as part of a total flow. [Allotrope]
flow ratio
signal-to-noise (USP621)
Signal-to-noise ratio (USP621) is a signal-to-noise ratio (peak-to-peak) where the noise is calculated over a period that is a minimum of 5 times the peak width. [Allotrope]
signal-to-noise ratio (USP621)
signal-to-noise (EP2.2.46)
signal-to-noise (JP-G20)
signal-to-noise ratio (JP-G20)
Signal-to-noise ratio (EP2.2.46) is a signal-to-noise ratio (peak-to-peak) where the noise is calculated over a period that is a minimum of 20 times the peak width. [Allotrope]
signal-to-noise ratio (EP2.2.46)
A file name is a name that denotes a file in a file system. It is a local identifier in the scope of the folder the file is located. [Allotrope]
file name
2020-12-02 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
A file path is an identifier for a file in a file system or network. [Allotrope]
file path
Portable Operating System Interface path
2020-12-02 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
A POSIX path is a file path for a file location that is specified by the POSIX standard. [Allotrope]
POSIX path
POSIX
Portable Operating System Interface
POSIX is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems. [Wikipedia]
POSIX standard
A drying temperature setting is a temperature setting that specifies the intended temperature of a drying process. [Allotrope]
drying temperature setting
true
The sample weight before drying is a mass facet that quantifies the mass of a sample before the sample is dried. [Allotrope]
sample weight before drying
true
dry weight
A dry sample weight is a mass facet about the final weight of a sample after some drying process is complete. [Allotrope]
dry sample weight
A relative weight loss on drying is a mass fraction that quantifies the relative value of moisture content lost from a material after a drying process. [Allotrope]
relative weight loss on drying
An extrapolated moisture content is a prediction about the moisture content percentage of a material entity based on results of a partial drying process. [Allotrope]
extrapolated moisture content
A calibration facet is a facet that is information about a calibration. [Allotrope]
calibration facet
A calibration facet that is about a parameter for calibration. [Allotrope]
calibration curve parameter
calibration curve type
A calibration algorithm is an algorithm about calibration that specifies the way a calibration curve is generated. [Allotrope]
calibration algorithm
Order zero parameter is a calibration curve parameter that specifies the zeroth order algorithmic parameter for defining calibration regression. [Allotrope]
order zero parameter
Order one parameter is a calibration curve parameter that specifies the first order algorithmic parameter for defining calibration regression. [Allotrope]
order one parameter
Order two parameter is a calibration curve parameter that specifies the second order algorithmic parameter for defining calibration regression. [Allotrope]
order two parameter
Order three parameter is a calibration curve parameter that specifies the third order algorithmic parameter for defining calibration regression. [Allotrope]
order three parameter
Pause time is a mass spectrometry system setting that specifies the time in between different ms event's measurement time to allow the instrument to equilibrate. [Allotrope]
pause time
Pause time applies to MRM or SIM events and does not apply to polarity switching time. [Allotrope]
The retention time window lower offset is the extent of the retention time window in time units below the target retention time. [PSI/MS]
retention time window lower offset
The lower and upper offsets may be asymmetric about the target time. [PSI/MS]
The retention time window upper offset is the extent of the retention time window in time units above the target retention time. [PSI/MS]
retention time window upper offset
The lower and upper offsets may be asymmetric about the target time. [PSI/MS]
The retention time window width it the full width of a retention time window for a chromatographic peak. [PSI/MS]
retention time window width
3-dimensional mass spectra
3-dimensional mass spectrum
3D mass spectra
3D mass spectrum
three dimensional mass spectra
three dimensional mass spectrum
three-dimensional mass spectra
A three-dimensional mass spectrum is a data distribution function of counts versus m/z and versus time obtained by counting the ions produced by a sample as a function of their mass-to-charge ratio and as a function of time. [Allotrope]
three-dimensional mass spectrum
chemical descriptor
molecular descriptor
molecular facet
2020-05-11 Changed definition and moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
A molecular entity facet is a facet that is about some molecular entity such as atoms, ions or molecules. [Allotrope]
molecular entity facet
chemical formula
A molecular formula is a molecular entity facet which identifies each constituent element by its chemical symbol and indicates the number of atoms of each element found in each discrete molecular entity of that compound. [CHEMINF]
molecular formula
library search report
library search result
A spectral library search result is a report that lists the hits on search in a spectral library database. [Allotrope]
spectral library search result
hit
library search hit
search hit
A spectral library search hit is a result of a library search where a record matches some search criteria. [Allotrope]
spectral library search hit
detection scan rate
detector scan rate
A detector setting that sets the frequency of scans per time unit. [Allotrope]
detector scan rate setting
ionization switch delay
2020-01-06 Fix super class. [Allotrope]
A setting that controls the duration of time after which an ion source switches polarity of ionization. [Allotrope]
ionization switch delay setting
polarity switch delay
2020-01-06 Fix super class. [Allotrope]
A setting that controls the duration of time after which polarity of a scan switches. [Allotrope]
polarity switch delay setting
SIM mass setting
mass per charge setting
mass setting
mass to charge setting
selected ion monitoring mass
A m/z is a setting that controls the mass per charge ratio of a scan. [Allotrope]
m/z setting
true
pre-peak background time measurement range
Pre-peak background time measurement datum is a time datum that describes the period of time for background correction before a peak is detected. [Allotrope]
pre-peak background time measurement datum
true
post-peak background time measurement range
Post-peak background time measurement datum is a time datum that describes the period of time for background correction after a peak is detected. [Allotrope]
post-peak background time measurement datum
A signature is facet that is a proof of identity and intent of a signer towards some information. [Allotrope]
signature
signal
2018-07-24 Replaces af-e:AFE_0001830 [Allotrope]
A signal is information transported over an communication channel. [Allotrope]
signal (communication)
true
2020-01-06 Changed IRI, conflicts with repetition setting. [Allotrope]
2020-01-06 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Polarity setting is a control setting that specifies a polarity configuration of a specific detector or sensor response to be positive or negative to a reference state. [Allotrope]
polarity setting
default
fallback
fallback condition
A default condition is a condition that is member of a set of conditions that is always true if all others conditions in the collections are false. [Allotrope]
A default value in a conditional parameter specification. [Allotrope]
default condition
There must be no more than one default condition in any collection of conditions.
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
electric conductance (datum)
Electric conductance is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the reciprocal of a the resistance in a conductor. [IUPAC]
electric conductance
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
electric resistivity (datum)
resistivity
resistivity (datum)
Electric resistivity is the is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the electric field strength divided by the current density when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC]
electric resistivity
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
electric resistance (datum)
resistance
resistance (datum)
Electric resistance is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the electric potential difference divided by the electric current when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC]
electric resistance
repetition specification
An repeated action specification is an action specification that specifies a repeated activity. [Allotrope]
repeated action specification
A location specification is a specification that specifies the location of something. [Allotrope]
location specification
A location can be a site, a spatial region or a container, anything that is the object of 'ro:located in'. [Allotrope]
LIMS
A laboratory information management software is a software that is used for data management in laboratories. [Allotrope]
laboratory information management software
asset management ID
asset management id
An asset management identifier is an identifier that is registered within an asset / inventory management system that identifies an equipment. [Allotrope]
asset management identifier
true
experiment data id
experiment data indentifier
experiment data source
An experiment data identifier is an identifier that identifies some experiment data. [Allotrope]
a filename of a file containing the experiment data
experimental data identifier
Experimental data identifier is different from experiment identifier. The first identifies the data about the experiment, the later the experiment itself. There can be many experimental data about the same experiment. [Allotrope]
true
analytical method id
An analytical method identifier is an identifier that identifies the analytical method used in a measurement. [Allotrope]
analytical method identifier
true
analysis id
analysis identifier
analysis reference
assay id
An assay identifier is an identifier that identifies some assay (analysis). [Allotrope]
assay identifier
analysis comment
analysis comments
An assay comment is a comment about some aspect of an assay. [Allotrope]
assay comment
true
sample mass
2020-05-11 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Sample weight is a quantification facet that quantifies the mass of a sample in an analysis. [Allotrope]
sample weight
onset temperature
peak start temperature
Peak onset temperature is a thermal analysis peak facet that quantifies some temperature at the start of a thermal analysis peak. [Allotrope]
peak onset temperature
A peak temperature is a thermal analysis peak facet that quantifies some temperature indicating the position of the thermal analysis peak. [Allotrope]
peak temperature
Weight loss is a mass facet that quantifies the difference in weight of a material before and after heating or drying. [Allotrope]
weight loss
true
balance id
A balance identifier is a measurement device identifier that identifies some balance. [Allotrope]
balance identifier
true
Container type is a classification datum that classifies the type of container used. [Allotrope]
container type
A glass transition temperature (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature at which a glass transition occurs. The glass transition, is the gradual and reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle "glassy" state into a viscous or rubbery state as the temperature is increased. [Wikipedia]
glass transition temperature
heat capacity
A heat capacity (dsc) is a quantity facet that quantifies the difference in heat capacity of a material before and after its glass transition. [Allotrope]
heat capacity (dsc)
Transition enthalpy is a quantity facet that quantifies some calorimetric enthalpy change from the area of the differential scanning calorimetry peak. [Allotrope]
transition enthalpy
A conformance assessment is an assessment about whether two sources of data conform. [Allotrope]
conformance assessment
true
reference data source
reference id
A reference identifier is an identifier that identifies some reference data that is being used as a comparator. [Allotrope]
reference identifier
Container state description is a state facet that describes the state of the container used in the measurement run. [Allotrope]
A container state can be opened or closed. [Allotrope]
container state description
The container's material is not a container state. [Allotrope]
A transition assignment is a description of the cause of a thermal event occurring in a thermal analysis. [Allotrope]
transition assignment
cell path length (datum)
path length
path length (datum)
A cell path length is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the length of the radiation path through the absorbing medium in a single-pass cell. [Allotrope]
cell path length
CDS method
CDS project
chromatography data system project
A chromatography data system method is a plan specification that specifies how a process is to be executed on a chromatography data system. [Allotrope]
chromatography data system method
instrument id
instrument identifier
machine id
machine identifier
measurement device id
measurement equipment id
measurement equipment identifier
A measurement device identifier is an identifier that identifies some device designed for measurements. [Allotrope]
measurement device identifier
measurement method id
measurement procedure id
measurement procedure identifier
method number
procedure id
procedure identifier
A measurement method identifier is a method identifier that identifies some plan specification of a measurement. [Allotrope]
measurement method identifier
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
amount concentration
amount concentration (datum)
molar concentration (datum)
molar concentration result
molarity
molarity (datum)
substance concentration
substance concentration (datum)
A molar concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the amount of substance of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]
molar concentration
true
reference data
A reference is an information content entity that is referred to in another information content entity for the purpose of comparison. [Allotrope]
reference data used to compare to with experimental data
reference
true
An experiment identifier is an identifier that identifies an experiment. [Allotrope]
experiment identifier
true
experiment data
experiment information
experimental information
Experiment data is a description of an experiment containing parameters and results of the experiment and metadata about the experiment. [Allotrope]
experimental data
true
experiment report
experimental result
result
An experiment result is description, that is the data output of an experiment regarding its hypothesis. [Allotrope]
experiment result
true
A thermal analysis peak is a peak that results from a thermal analysis. [Allotrope]
thermal analysis peak
true
A thermal analysis peak facet is a facet of a thermal analysis peak. [Allotrope]
thermal analysis peak facet
true
device id
instrument id
instrument method identifier
2020-05-11 Generalized definition to match semantics. [Allotrope]
A device method identifier is an identifier that identifies the device method used in a process. [Allotrope]
device method identifier
remark
A comment is a remark often related to an added piece of information, or an observation or statement. [SIO]
comment
true
device id
equipment id
equipment identifier
instrument id
instrument identifier
machine id
machine identifier
2020-06-15 Removed measurement metadata superclass. [Allotrope]
A device identifier is an identifier that identifies some device. [Allotrope]
device identifier
true
analysis data id
analysis data identifier
assay data id
An assay data identifier is an identifier that identifies some assay data. Assay data is a description of an assay containing parameters and results of the assay and metadata about the assay. [Allotrope]
assay data identifier
analysis data
analysis information
assay information
Assay data is a description of an assay containing parameters and results of the assay and metadata about the assay. [Allotrope]
assay data
Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 48
PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) on page 2187
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) on page 972
enthalpy (datum)
Enthalpy (datum) is a quantification datum that quantifies the internal energy of a system plus the product of pressure and volume. Its change in a system is equal to the heat brought to the system at constant pressure. [IUPAC]
enthalpy
heat capacity (datum)
Heat capacity is a quantification facet that quantifies the amount of heat to be supplied to a given mass of a material to produce a unit change in its temperature. [Wikipedia]
heat capacity
A state facet is a facet that is about some state at a certain time. A state is a process during which some characteristic remains constant. [Allotrope]
opening state with states opened or closed
state facet
States that are not likely to change such as qualities are not described by state facets. Being of a certain mass is a state, but a facet that describes this would usually be usually considered a quantification facet instead of a state facet. [Allotrope]
A column brand name is a brand name of a chromatography column that can be based on the brand name of the substrate and its chemistry modification. [Allotrope]
column brand name
chromatography column chemistry classification (datum)
A chromatography column classification is a classification datum that classifies a chromatography column by the stationary phase and chromatographic packing used. [Allotrope]
chromatography column chemistry classification
particle size (datum)
Particle size (datum) is a size datum that quantifies the dimensions of an individual particle. [Allotrope]
particle size
chromatography column length (datum)
A chromatography column length (datum) is a length datum that quantifies the length of a chromatography column. [Allotrope]
chromatography column length
column inner diameter (datum)
A column inner diameter (datum) is an inner diameter quantifies the inner diameter of a column. [Allotrope]
column inner diameter
A content specification is a part specification that specifies a contained portion of material of a container. [Allotrope]
content specification
A temporal index is an index that follows temporal order of the list items or the processes that the items are about. [Allotrope]
temporal index
true
method id
plan specification id
plan specification identifier
procedure id
procedure identifier
A method identifier is an identifier that identifies some plan specification (method, procedure) about some planned process. [Allotrope]
method identifier
true
measurement plan
measurement plan specfication
measurement procedure
A measurement method is a plan specification that specifies a measurement. [Allotrope]
measurement method
concentration (datum)
A concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. [Allotrope]
concentration
expiry date
expiry date prescription
expiry time
The expiry time prescription is a prescription about a material or information content entity that prescribes until what time it is allowed to be used for the stated purpose. [Allotrope]
expiry time prescription
Electronic record is a document (any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, pictorial, or other information representation) in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or distributed by a computer system. [FDA]
electronic record
A database record is an electronic record that is stored in a database. [Allotrope]
database record
A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques. [Wikipedia]
database
primary key
A database primary key is an identifier of a database record. [Allotrope]
database primary key
acquisition method
device method
instrument acquisition method
instrument method
A device acquisition method is a machine readable plan specification that specifies how the acquisition software of an instrument is to execute the instrument's portion of an analysis. [Allotrope]
device acquisition method
equivalence point
The equivalence point volume is the volume added in a titration which contains a chemically equivalent quantity of titrant to the analyte in the sample. [Allotrope]
equivalence point volume
dead count
Dead cell count is a cell counter result data that states the number of dead cells that were counted in the cell counting assay. [Allotrope]
dead cell count
Elapsed time is a duration measured from a specific reference time point or timebase. [Allotrope]
elapsed time
true
flow rate profile result
A flow rate profile is a profile that quantifies the flow rate of a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
flow rate profile
true
volume profile result
A volume profile is a profile that quantifies the volume of a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
volume profile
reaction temperature profile result
A reaction temperature profile is a profile that quantifies the temperature of the reaction solution over time in a synthesis. [Allotrope]
reaction temperature profile
jacket temperature profile result
A jacket temperature profile is a profile that quantifies the temperature profile of the reactor jacket over time. [Allotrope]
jacket temperature profile
overhead stirring rate profile result
An overhead stirring rate profile is a profile that quantifies the stirring rate of the stirring process using an overhead stirrer. [Allotrope]
overhead stirring rate profile
true
temperature profile result
A temperature profile is a profile that quantifies the temperature of a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
temperature profile
An infrared interferogram data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an infrared interferogram. [Allotrope]
infrared interferogram data cube
An infrared spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an infrared spectrum. [Allotrope]
infrared spectrum data cube
A data cube identifier is an identifier for a data cube. A data cube is a multi-dimensional dataset conforming to the W3C DataCube specification (https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/). [Allotrope]
data cube identifier
stirring rate profile result
An overhead stirring rate profile is a profile that quantifies the stirring rate of the stirring process. [Allotrope]
stirring rate profile
stir bar stirring rate profile result
A stir bar stirring rate profile is a profile that quantifies the rate of the stirring process using a magnetic stirrer. [Allotrope]
stir bar stirring rate profile
titer value
A titer is a calibrated result assigned as the molarity of the titrant solution in a titration. [Allotrope]
titer
calibration certificate id
A calibration certificate identifier is an identifier that identifies the calibration certificate for the piece of equipment used in a measurement. [Allotrope]
calibration certificate identifier
A gross weight is a facet that quantifies the total mass of the objects on the platform of the weighing instrument i.e. the sample plus any container or packaging. [Allotrope]
gross weight
A tare weight is a facet that quantifies the mass of a container or packing material to be deducted from a gross weight measurement to compute the sample weight measurement. [Allotrope]
tare weight
A calibration certificate is a certificate about a piece of equipment used in a measurement. [Allotrope]
calibration certificate
FTIR document
FTIR result
Fourier transform infrared result
A FTIR document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic run. [Allotrope]
Fourier transform infrared document
Raman result
A Raman document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a Raman spectroscopic run. [Allotrope]
Raman document
heat transfer coefficient (datum)
heat transfer coefficient result
A heat transfer coefficient is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat. [Wikipedia]
heat transfer coefficient
true
heat transfer coefficient profile result
A heat transfer coefficient profile is a profile that quantifies over time the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat. [Wikipedia]
heat transfer coefficient profile
angular velocity (datum)
angular velocity result
A angular velocity datum is quality quantification facet that quantifies how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point. [Wikipedia]
angular velocity
angular velocity profile result
An angular velocity profile is a profile that quantifies over time how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point. [Wikipedia]
angular velocity profile
area (datum)
area result
An area (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the two-dimensional extend of an object. [Allotrope]
area
area profile result
An area profile is a profile that quantifies over time the area of an object. [Allotrope]
area profile
specific heat capacity (datum)
specific heat capacity result
A specific heat capacity (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of a pure substance by one degree K. [Wikipedia]
specific heat capacity
cooling rate profile
cooling rate profile result
heating (cooling) rate profile
heating (cooling) rate profile result
heating or cooling rate profile result
heating rate profile
heating rate profile result
A heating or cooling rate profile is a profile that quantifies the heating/cooling rate of an object over time. [Allotrope]
heating or cooling rate profile
sample aggregate result
A sample aggregate document is a document that is about an ordered collection of samples. [Allotrope]
sample aggregate document
sample result
A sample document is a document about a particular sample. [Allotrope]
sample document
A glutamate analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with glutamate. [Allotrope]
glutamate analysis document (cell-culture)
A glutamine analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with glutamine. [Allotrope]
glutamine analysis document (cell-culture)
A glucose analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with glucose. [Allotrope]
glucose analysis document (cell-culture)
A lactate analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with lactate. [Allotrope]
lactate analysis document (cell-culture)
An ammonium analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with ammonium. [Allotrope]
ammonium analysis document (cell-culture)
A sodium analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with sodium. [Allotrope]
sodium analysis document (cell-culture)
A potassium analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with potassium. [Allotrope]
potassium analysis document (cell-culture)
A phosphate analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with phosphate. [Allotrope]
phosphate analysis document (cell-culture)
A calcium analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with calcium. [Allotrope]
calcium analysis document (cell-culture)
A lactase dehydrogenate analysis document (cell-culture) is a document that encompasses the information associated with lactase dehydrogenate. [Allotrope]
lactase dehydrogenate analysis document (cell-culture)
Data processing time is the time when a data processing starts. [Allotrope]
data processing time
titration solvent
A titration solvent type is a classification datum that classifies the solvent used int a titration to dissolve the sample. [Allotrope]
titration solvent type
true
titrant solution
A titrant solution type is a classification datum that classifies the titration solution used in the titration. [Allotrope]
titrant solution type
mass fraction (datum)
mass fraction result
w/w %
w/w%
weight-weight %
The mass fraction (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the fraction pertaining the mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]
mass fraction
Stirring rate is an angular velocity of the rotating, agitating component in stirrer. [Allotrope]
stirring rate
IR interferogram
An infrared interferogram is an interferogram produced by FT infrared spectroscopy. [Allotrope]
infrared interferogram
true
Raman result
A Raman spectroscopy result is the result of a Raman spectroscopy. [Allotrope]
Raman spectroscopy result
true
IR result
IR spectroscopy result
An infrared spectroscopy result is the result of an infrared absorption or transmission spectroscopy. [Allotrope]
infrared spectroscopy result
diameter (datum)
Diameter is a length which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. [PATO]
diameter
inner diameter (datum)
Inner diameter is the diameter quantified at the inside. [Allotrope]
inner diameter
size
Size is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the spatial extend of an entity. [Allotrope]
size (datum)
A volume concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the volume of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]
volume concentration
"Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)", Lehmann, H.P.;Fuentes-arderiu, X.;Bertello, L.F., Pure and Applied Chemistry 1996, 68(4), 957
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
charge
Electric charge is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the integral of electric current over time. [Allotrope]
electric charge
A degassed sample weight is the sample weight of a sample after it has gone through a degassing process. [Allotrope]
degassed sample weight
2021-06-23 Fixed IRI. [Allotrope]
A reference material document is a document that encompasses the information associated with the reference material in an analysis. [Allotrope]
reference material document
A reference material is an identifier that identifies some material with the role of reference material. [Allotrope]
reference material identifier
A reference material weight is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mass of a material with the role of reference material in the analysis. [Allotrope]
reference material weight
A BET point document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a single BET measurement point. [Allotrope]
BET point document
relative pressure
A relative pressure is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the pressure of a pure substance in a chamber relative to its saturation pressure. [Allotrope]
relative pressure (BET)
An adsorbed volume is a quality quantification facet that denotes the quantity of absorbant calculated to be adsorbed at STP. [Allotrope]
adsorbed volume at STP
saturation pressure
saturation pressure result
saturation vapor pressure (datum)
saturation vapor pressure result
A saturation pressure (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the saturation vapor pressure of a substance. [Allotrope]
saturation vapor pressure
PAC, 1972, 31, 577. (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry)
When the area of the interface between two phases is proportional to the mass of one of the phases (e.g. for a solid adsorbent, for an emulsion or for an aerosol), the specific surface area (a, s or preferably as) is defined as the surface area divided by the mass of the relevant phase. [IUPAC]
specific surface area
A y-intercept is the point where the graph of a function or relation intersects the y-axis of a coordinate system. [Wikipedia]
y-intercept
A BET C constant is a calculated constant from a BET analysis equal to Exp(E1−EL) where E1 is heat of adsorption for the first layer and EL is the heat of vaporization for layers beyond the first layer. [Allotrope]
BET C constant
A monolayer quantity is a volume of a monolayer based on the cross-sectional area of the adsorbent gas. [Allotrope]
monolayer quantity
2021-05-17 Moved under measurement time and end time. [Allotrope]
A measurement end time is the date/time of the end of the measurement process. [Allotrope]
measurement end time
An evacuation rate setting is a control setting that controls the evacuation rate. [Allotrope]
evacuation rate setting
An evacuation time setting is a control setting that controls the time when a chamber is to be evacuated. [Allotrope]
evacuation time setting
free space
free space result
free space volume
measurement chamber free space
measurement chamber free space (datum)
measurement chamber free space volume (datum)
A measurement chamber free space result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the volume of a sample chamber not occupied by the sample. [Allotrope]
measurement chamber free space volume
An equilibration time is an elapsed time required to reach an equilibrium state after a perturbation. [Allotrope]
equilibration time
A loose density document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a loose density result. [Allotrope]
loose density document
A loose density result is an analysis assay result that quantifies the volumetric density of a sample as-is without packing the sample to minimize interstitial volume. [Allotrope]
loose density result
An intermediate tapped density aggregate document is a document is a document that is about an ordered collection of intermediate tapped density documents. [Allotrope]
intermediate tapped density aggregate document
cumulative count (datum)
cumulative count datum
A cumulative count (datum) is a count that has non-negative integer values that is about the cumulative number of discrete things. [Allotrope]
cumulative count
birefringence (datum)
birefringence result
A birefringence (datum) is a quality quantification facet indicating if the observed material exhibits birefringence. [Allotrope]
birefringence
particle shape
A particle shape characterization is a classification datum that classifies the shape of particles. [Allotrope]
particle shape characterization
An association state is a classification datum that classifies associations of primary particles (the smallest discrete unit). [Allotrope]
association state
A nucleus scan type is a classification datum classifying the nucleus/nuclei used in the magnetic resonance method. [Allotrope]
nucleus scan type
A dilution volume is a volume of diluent used in a dilution. [Allotrope]
dilution volume
An inter scan relaxation delay setting is a setting that specifies the inter scan relaxation delay. [Allotrope]
inter scan relaxation delay setting
A qNMR purity result is an analysis assay result facet quantifying the purity of a substance by quantitative NMR. [Allotrope]
qNMR purity result
true
A calculation description is a description that describes how a calculation was done. [Allotrope]
calculation description
An inter scan relaxation delay is a time period which ensures that entire signal from spins is detectable. [Allotrope]
inter scan relaxation delay
hygroscopicity per E.U
A hygroscopicity type is a classification datum that classifies the hygroscopicity of a material due to moisture sorption at 25°C and 80% relative humidity. [Allotrope]
hygroscopicity type
A hysteresis assessment is an assessment about the hysteresis observed in a cyclic experiment. [Allotrope]
hysteresis assessment
A vapor sorption data cube is a data cube that is a representation of a vapor sorption experimental result. [Allotrope]
vapor sorption data cube
A target P/P0 setting is a setting to set the relative pressure of a vapor. [Allotrope]
target P/P0 setting
An actual P/P0 result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the relative pressure of the sample. [Allotrope]
actual P/P0 result
A sample temperature setting is a temperature control setting to set the target temperature of the sample. [Allotrope]
sample temperature setting
2020-12-01 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
2020-12-01 Moved under temperature datum. [Allotrope]
sample temperature (datum)
sample temperature result
A sample temperature result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the temperature of the sample. [Allotrope]
sample temperature
A mass change is a mass facet that quantifies the change in initial mass. [Allotrope]
mass change
A mass change rate is a rate that quantifies the change in initial mass per unit time. [Allotrope]
mass change rate
A total gas flow rate is a flow rate that quantifies the motion of the sum of the dry and saturated gas over time. [Allotrope]
total gas flow rate
A saturated gas flow rate setting is a setting that specifies the target saturated gas flow rate. [Allotrope]
saturated gas flow rate setting
A saturated gas flow rate is a flow rate that quantifies the motion of the saturated gas over time. [Allotrope]
saturated gas flow rate
A dry gas flow rate setting is a setting that specifies the target dry gas flow rate. [Allotrope]
dry gas flow rate setting
A dry gas flow rate is a flow rate that quantifies the motion of the dry gas over time. [Allotrope]
dry gas flow rate
An ambient temperature is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. [Allotrope]
ambient temperature
An inlet gas pressure is a quality qualification facet that quantifies the pressure of the inlet gas. [Allotrope]
inlet gas pressure
An exhaust gas flow rate is a flow rate that quantifies the flow rate of the exhaust gas. [Allotrope]
exhaust gas flow rate
A solvent reservoir temperature is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature of the solvent reservoir. [Allotrope]
solvent reservoir temperature
A tapped density document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a tapped density result. [Allotrope]
tapped density document
A tapped density result is an analysis assay result that quantifies the volumetric density of a sample after packing to minimize interstitial volume. [Allotrope]
tapped density result
enthalpy of fusion (datum)
enthalpy of melting
enthalpy of melting (datum)
heat of fusion
The enthalpy of fusion datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a liquid. [Wikipedia]
enthalpy of fusion
specific entropy of fusion (datum)
specific heat of fusion
The specific enthalpy of fusion datum is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]
specific enthalpy of fusion
molar entropy of fusion (datum)
molar heat of fusion
The specific enthalpy of fusion datum is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]
molar enthalpy of fusion
enthalpy of vaporization (datum)
heat of vaporization
The enthalpy of vaporization datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia]
enthalpy of vaporization
specific enthalpy of vaporization (datum)
specific heat of vaporization
The specific enthalpy of vaporization datum is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]
specific enthalpy of vaporization
molar enthalpy of vaporization (datum)
molar heat of vaporization
The molar enthalpy of vaporization datum is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]
molar enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of sublimation (datum)
heat of sublimation
The enthalpy of sublimation datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia]
enthalpy of sublimation
specific enthalpy of sublimation (datum)
specific heat of sublimation
The specific enthalpy of sublimation datum is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]
specific enthalpy of sublimation
molar enthalpy of sublimation (datum)
molar heat of sublimation
The molar enthalpy of sublimation datum is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]
molar enthalpy of sublimation
true
A data processing method is a plan specification that specifies how data processing process is to be executed. [Allotrope]
data processing method
Heat flow is a quantification of the heat transferred per time. [Allotrope]
heat flow
solvent id
A solvent identifier is an identifier denoting the solvent used in the experiment. [Allotrope]
solvent identifier
A standard nominal value is a nominal value for a measurement assigned to a standard material. [Allotrope]
standard nominal value
A standard measured value is an assay result that is a measure of the standard material. [Allotrope]
standard measured value
A calibration result deviation is a calibration result representing the deviation between the nominal and measured values for the standard as a percentage. [Allotrope]
calibration result deviation
turbidity (datum)
turbidity result
A turbidity (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the turbidity of a solution. [Allotrope]
turbidity
background corrected turbidity (datum)
background corrected turbidity result
A background corrected turbidity (datum) is a turbidity (datum) that quantifies the turbidity in a solution corrected for background of the solvent. [Allotrope]
background corrected turbidity
Instrument suspension media is a description describing the suspension media used in the instrument during the experiment. [Allotrope]
instrument suspension media
Sample suspension media is a description that describes the suspension media used in preparation of the sample. [Allotrope]
sample suspension media
A sonication duration setting is a duration setting that specifies the duration of a sonication process before analysis. [Allotrope]
sonication duration setting
A sonication power setting is a setting that specifies the power of a sonication process. [Allotrope]
sonication power setting
fluid refractive index parameter
A fluid refractive index setting is a setting that specifies the refractive index of the fluid used in calculating the particle size. [Allotrope]
fluid refractive index setting
particle refractive index parameter
A particle refractive index setting is a setting that specifies the refractive index of a particle used in calculating the particle size. [Allotrope]
particle refractive index setting
particle shape setting
A particle shape setting is a setting that specifies the particle shape used in calculating the particle size. [Allotrope]
particle shape setting
mean particle size
The average particle size is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the arithmetic mean of particle size of a population of particles. [Allotrope]
average particle size
The standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. [Wikipedia]
standard deviation
2020-12-08 Moved to AFO.
A distribution document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a distribution. [Allotrope]
distribution document
A cumulative distribution percentage is a statistical facet that describes the percentage of population members meeting a given condition. [Allotrope]
cumulative distribution percentage
A bin upper limit is a statistical facet that quantifies the upper limit that population members meet within a distribution. [Allotrope]
bin upper limit
A distribution modality is a classification datum that indicates the number of peaks contained in the classified distribution. [Allotrope]
distribution modality
count fraction (datum)
2020-12-01 Changed labels and generalized definition. [Allotrope]
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
The count fraction (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the fraction pertaining the number of object of a constituent divided by the total number of objects of all constituents in the object aggregate. [Allotrope]
count fraction
Definition is generalized to cover any count fraction, but usually it applies to particles in a mixture. [Allotrope]
partial pressure (datum)
partial pressure result
2020-12-01 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope]
2020-12-01 Moved under pressure (datum). [Allotrope]
A partial pressure (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the notional pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases, if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. [Allotrope]
partial pressure
true
A sample preparation description is a description of the sample preparation process. [Allotrope]
sample preparation description
A standard facet is a facet that part of some standard or is about some standard material. [Allotrope]
standard facet
A deviation is a quantification facet that quantifies the absolute or relative difference of an observed value from another value. [Allotrope]
deviation
A distribution type is a classification datum for distributions where the ordinate is expressed based on selected category. [Allotrope]
distribution type
index of refraction
refraction index
refractive index (datum)
Refraction index is a quality quantification facet, that quantifies how fast light travels through a material. It is defined as n = c/v, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium. [Wikipedia]
refractive index
mean
The arithmetic mean is a descriptive statistic that is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the collection. [Wikipedia]
arithmetic mean
The median is a descriptive statistic that denotes the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. [Wikipedia]
median
The variance is a descriptive statistic that denotes the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean. [Wikipedia]
variance
Skewness is a descriptive statistic that is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive or negative, or undefined. [Wikipedia]
skewness
minimum pressure
plumbing pressure lower limit
pressure lower limit
The plumbing minimum pressure is a specification of the minimum pressure that the plumbing system can operate with. [Allotrope]
plumbing minimum pressure
An image document is a document that encompasses the information associated with an image. [Allotrope]
image document
A magnification setting is a setting that specifies the multiplicative optical apparent size manipulation being applied by an imaging device. [Allotrope]
magnification setting
polarized light enabled
A polarized light enabled setting is a setting that specifies whether polarized light is used in an image capture process. [Allotrope]
polarized light enabled setting
true
A standard document is a document about a particular standard. [Allotrope]
standard document
true
An experiment type is a classification datum that classifies the type of experiment performed. [Allotrope]
experiment type
A plate well count is a count that quantifies the number of plate well positions present on a well plate. [Allotrope]
plate well count
A well volume is a volume (datum) that quantifies how much volume of material that can be put into each well in a well plate. [Allotrope]
well volume
A qPCR detection chemistry is a classification datum that classifies a qPCR detection based on the fluorescent agent used and the specificity of detection. [Allotrope]
qPCR detection chemistry
passive reference dye
A passive reference dye setting is a setting that classifies the passive reference dye used in the qPCR experiment. [Allotrope]
passive reference dye setting
An automatic cycle threshold enabled setting is a control setting that sets whether the cycle threshold determination is automated or manual. [Allotrope]
automatic cycle threshold enabled setting
cycle threshold value setting
A cycle threshold value setting is a setting that sets the threshold value used for automatic qPCR cycle threshold determination. [Allotrope]
cycle threshold value setting (qPCR)
automatic baseline determination enabled
An automatic baseline determination enabled setting is an automation flag that controls whether baseline determination is automated or manual. [Allotrope]
automatic baseline determination enabled setting
A baseline determination start cycle setting is a qPCR setting that specifies the start cycle for baseline determination. [Allotrope]
baseline determination start cycle setting
A baseline determination end cycle setting is a qPCR setting that specifies the end cycle for baseline determination. [Allotrope]
baseline determination end cycle setting
2021-06-23 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A well location identifier is a local identifier that identifies the location of a well on the container in the scope of the container. [Allotrope]
well location identifier
A target DNA description is a description that describes the intended DNA target of the qPCR experiment. [Allotrope]
target DNA description
true
sample type
A sample role type is a classification datum that classifies samples by the type of sample role in the experiment. [Allotrope]
sample role type
reporter dye
A reporter dye setting is a setting that classifies the reporter dye used in the qPCR experiment. [Allotrope]
reporter dye setting
quencher dye
A quencher dye setting is a setting that classifies the quencher dye used in the qPCR experiment. [Allotrope]
quencher dye setting
cycle threshold result
A cycle threshold result is an qPCR assay result that records the cycle at which the threshold was passed. [Allotrope]
cycle threshold result (qPCR)
A normalized reporter result is a qPCR assay result that specifies the fluorescent signal of the reporter dye normalized to the signal of the passive reference dye. [Allotrope]
normalized reporter result
A baseline corrected reporter result is a qPCR assay result that specifies the normalized reporter result minus the baseline signal of the instrument. [Allotrope]
baseline corrected reporter result
true
NMR assay result
NMR result
nuclear magnetic resonance result
An nuclear magnetic resonance result is a result of an nuclear magnetic resonance assay. [Allotrope]
nuclear magnetic resonance result
A detector gain setting is setting that specifies the gain of the detector. [Allotrope]
detector gain setting
An optical velocity setting is a setting that specifies the velocity of the moving mirror during the run. [Allotrope]
optical velocity setting
A slit width setting is a setting that specifies the width of the opening of the slit. [Allotrope]
slit width setting
true
A detector type is a classification datum that describes the detector type. [Allotrope]
detector type
A beamsplitter type is a classification datum that describes the beamsplitter type based on the compound used to split the light beam. [Allotrope]
beamsplitter type
true
NMR spectrometry result
NMR spectroscopy result
nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry result
An NMR spectroscopy result is a result of an NMR spectroscopy. [Allotrope]
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy result
true
MS result
A mass spectrometry result is a result of a mass spectrometry. [Allotrope]
mass spectrometry result
An intermediate tapped density document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a single intermediate tapped density result. [Allotrope]
intermediate tapped density document
A reflectance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the fraction of incident radiation reflected by a surface or discontinuity. [IUPAC]
reflectance
PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996))
PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
A transmittance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the ratio of the transmitted radiant power (P_λ) to that incident on the sample (P0_λ): T = P_λ/ P0_λ. [IUPAC]
transmittance
A position count is a spatial quantification facet that quantifies the number of distinct spatial locations. The spatial locations are defined by some pattern or morphology. [Allotrope]
position count
automation enabled
automation enabled setting
automation flag
automation switch
An automation flag is a flag that controls whether a process involves an automation system (true) participant alone or involves a human participant (false). [Allotrope]
manual vs. automatic baseline determination [Allotrope]
automation setting
The automation can refer to subprocesses such as consuming of input, or the production of output or full automation. [Allotrope]
A qPCR setting is a setting for a qPCR experiment. [Allotrope]
qPCR setting
A qPCR result is an assay result that is output of a qPCR experiment. [Allotrope]
qPCR result
enabled flag
enabled flag setting
An enabled flag setting is control setting that controls whether a process is running in a specific situation controlled by the setting. [Allotrope]
enabled setting
A reflectance spectrum is a spectrum that plots the reflectance of radiance as the function of frequency or wavelength. [Allotrope]
reflectance spectrum
A reflectance spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a reflectance spectrum. [Allotrope]
reflectance spectrum data cube
An absorption spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents an absorption spectrum. [Allotrope]
absorption spectrum data cube
A transmittance spectrum is a spectrum that plots the transmittance of radiance as the function of frequency or wavelength. [Allotrope]
transmittance spectrum
A transmittance spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a transmittance spectrum. [Allotrope]
transmittance spectrum data cube
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller plot
A BET plot is a data distribution function of an adsorption isotherm with 1/v[(p0/p)-1] on the y-axis and p/p0 on the x-axis, where p is equilibrium pressure and p0 saturation pressure of adsorbates at the temperature of adsorption, and v is the adsorbed gas quantity. [Wikipedia]
BET plot
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller plot data cube
A BET plot data cube is a data cube that represents a BET plot. [Allotrope]
BET plot data cube
timer
A time setting is a setting the specifies a point in time when a process starts or ends. [Allotrope]
time setting
reaction component aggregate document
A reaction component list is a document about an ordered collection of material entities with roles in a chemical reaction. [Allotrope]
reaction component list
A chemical document is a document that is about some chemical substance. [Allotrope]
chemical document
A chemical name is the written name of a chemical substance that shows the names of each of its elements or subcompounds. [Allotrope]
chemical name
A reaction component role type is a classification datum that classifies the role of a chemical substance in a reaction. [Allotrope]
reaction component role type
molecular mass (datum)
molecular mass result
A molecular mass is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mass of a molecule. [Allotrope]
molecular mass
A SMILES molecular structure is a molecular structure specified in Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) line notation. [edamontology.org]
SMILES molecular structure
An InChI molecular structure is a molecular structure specified in IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) line notation. [edamontology.org]
InChI molecular structure
An InChIKey molecular structure is a molecular structure specified as an InChIKey (hashed InChI), which is a fixed length (25 character) condensed digital representation of an InChI chemical structure specification. It uniquely identifies a chemical compound. An InChIKey identifier is not human- nor machine-readable but is more suitable for web searches than an InChI chemical structure specification. [edamontology.org]
InChIKey molecular structure
An addition description is a description about the process of adding a reaction component to a reaction. [Allotrope]
addition description
A probe type is a classification datum that describes the type of probe used in a process. [Allotrope]
probe type
true
probe id
A probe identifier is a measurement device identifier that identifies some probe. [Allotrope]
probe identifier
relative permittivity (datum)
relative permittivity result
A relative permittivity result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the the ability of a medium composed of molecules of a given type to transmit an electric field. [CHEMINF]
Relative permittivity is a chemical substance quality that reflects the ability of a medium composed of molecules of a given type to transmit an electric field.
relative permittivity
An impedance scan profile is a profile that quantifies the impedance spectrum of a material over time. [Allotrope]
impedance scan profile
An impedance scan data cube is a data cube that is a representation of an impedance scan result. [Allotrope]
impedance scan data cube
Δεmax
An impedance scan permittivity range is an impedance scan result that quantitates the difference in heights of low and high frequency in an impedance spectrum which correlates with the viable cell density. [Allotrope]
impedance scan permittivity range
An impedance scan slope is an impedance scan result that quantitates the slope (α) of the beta-dispersion at the characteristic frequency fc and is indicative of the cell diameter distribution. The steeper the slope , the more homogeneous the distribution. [Allotrope]
impedance scan slope
An impedance scan characteristic frequency is an impedance scan result datum obtained from the infliction point of the impedance spectrum that provides an indication of the average cell diameter. The larger the cell diameter, the smaller the fc and vice-versa. [Allotrope]
impedance scan characteristic frequency
An impedance scan result is an assay result that is the output of processing an impedance spectrum. [Allotrope]
impedance scan result
A Molfile molecular structure is a molecular structure specified as an MDL Molfile. [edamontology.org]
Molfile molecular structure
Rn data cube
A normalized reporter data cube is a data cube that represents a plot of normalized reporter result against cycle. [Allotrope]
normalized reporter data cube
ΔRn data cube
A baseline corrected reporter data cube is a data cube that represents a plot of baseline corrected reporter result against cycle. [Allotrope]
baseline corrected reporter data cube
A cycle count is a count of the number of iterations of a repeated process. [Allotrope]
cycle count
true
A heat flow profile is a profile that quantifies the heat flow through a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
heat flow profile
true
A total system heat flow profile is a profile that quantifies the heat flow through a system over time. [Allotrope]
total system heat flow profile
true
A reaction heat flow profile is a profile that quantifies the heat flow through a material entity with the reaction mixture role over time. [Allotrope]
reaction heat flow profile
filament current setting
A source current setting is a current setting controlling the current supplied to a radiation source. [Allotrope]
source current setting
true
A current setting is a setting that specifies some current configuration of a current controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target electric current at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
current setting
An electron energy setting is a voltage setting controlling the voltage in a source to accelerate electrons to the specified eV kinetic energy. [Allotrope]
electron energy setting
true
A voltage setting is a setting that specifies some current configuration of a voltage controlling or monitoring device, that controls or monitors the target voltage at the site of some system component. [Allotrope]
voltage setting
analyte aggregation document
An analyte aggregate document is a document about an ordered collection of analytes. [Allotrope]
analyte aggregate document
An analyte document is a document that is about some analyte. [Allotrope]
analyte document
true
A radiation source type is a classification datum that classifies the type of radiation source used in a process. [Allotrope]
radiation source type
NIR document
near infra-red document
near-infrared document
A near infrared document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a near-infrared spectroscopy process. [Allotrope]
near infrared document
3-dimensional FTIR spectra
3-dimensional FTIR spectrum
3D FTIR spectra
3D FTIR spectrum
three dimensional FTIR spectra
three dimensional FTIR spectrum
three-dimensional FTIR spectra
A three-dimensional FTIR spectrum is a data distribution function that is a plot of absorbance or transmittance versus wavelength and versus time obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the infrared region (2.5–25 μm) and as a function of time. [Allotrope]
three-dimensional FTIR spectrum
3-dimensional Raman spectra
3-dimensional Raman spectrum
3D Raman spectra
3D Raman spectrum
three dimensional Raman spectra
three dimensional Raman spectrum
three-dimensional Raman spectra
A three-dimensional Raman spectrum is a data distribution function that is a plot of Raman intensity versus wavelength and versus time obtained by the inelastic scattering of photons from a monochromatic light source by a sample as a function of time. [Allotrope]
three-dimensional Raman spectrum
3-dimensional NIR spectra
3-dimensional NIR spectrum
3-dimensional near infra-red spectra
3-dimensional near infra-red spectrum
3-dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectra
3-dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectrum
3-dimensional near infrared spectra
3D NIR spectra
3D NIR spectrum
3D near infra-red spectra
3D near infra-red spectrum
3D near infrared (NIR) spectra
3D near infrared (NIR) spectrum
3D near infrared spectra
three dimensional NIR spectra
three dimensional NIR spectrum
three dimensional near infra-red spectra
three dimensional near infra-red spectrum
three dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectra
three dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectrum
three dimensional near infrared spectra
three-dimensional NIR spectra
three-dimensional NIR spectrum
three-dimensional near infra-red spectra
three-dimensional near infra-red spectrum
three-dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectra
three-dimensional near infrared (NIR) spectrum
three-dimensional near infrared spectra
A three-dimensional near infrared spectrum is a data distribution function that is a plot of absorbance or transmittance versus wavelength and versus time obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm) and as a function of time. [Allotrope]
three-dimensional near infrared spectrum
true
NIR spectra
NIR spectrum
near infra-red spectra
near infra-red spectrum
near infrared (NIR) spectra
near infrared (NIR) spectrum
near infrared spectra
A plot of absorbance or transmittance versus wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm). [Allotrope]
near infrared spectrum
project
An electronic project is a user-defined collection of methods, results, sign-offs, audit trails, custom fields, and raw data. [Allotrope]
electronic project record
A report method is a plan specification that serves as a template to organize the data, results, and method contents in a generated report. The report method is independent of any data that the report contains. [Allotrope]
report method
true
pH profile result
A pH profile is a profile that quantifies the pH of a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
pH profile
standard aggregate result
A standard aggregate document is a document that is about an ordered collection of standards. [Allotrope]
standard aggregate document
true
A pH calibration slope is an assay result determined by the ratio of the slope of a pH calibration to the theoretical maximum, expressed as a percentage. [Allotrope]
pH calibration slope
A pH data cube is a data cube that represents the pH of a material over time. [Allotrope]
pH data cube
A reaction temperature data cube is a data cube that represents the reaction temperature over time. [Allotrope]
reaction temperature data cube
A jacket temperature data cube is a data cube that represents the jacket temperature over time. [Allotrope]
jacket temperature data cube
A stirring rate data cube is a data cube that represents the stirring rate over time. [Allotrope]
stirring rate data cube
true
mass profile result
A mass profile is a profile that quantifies the mass of a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
mass profile
true
purge gas flow rate profile result
A purge gas flow rate profile is a flow rate profile that quantifies the flow rate of gas with the role of purge gas being added to inert equipment over time. [Allotrope]
purge gas flow rate profile
true
A purge gas type is a classification datum that classifies the gas with the role of purge gas used in a rinsing process. [Allotrope]
purge gas type
A purge gas flow rate data cube is a data cube that represents the flow rate of gas with the role of purge gas over time. [Allotrope]
purge gas flow rate data cube
true
A chord length distribution profile is a profile of the distribution of chord lengths of particles over time. [Allotrope]
chord length distribution profile
A chord length distribution data cube is a data cube that represents particle count binned by chord length over time. [Allotrope]
chord length distribution data cube
true
A measured chord length result is an assay result quantitating a chord length of the observed particles before correcting for the refractive index of the solution and particle, backscattering, etc. [Allotrope]
measured chord length result
A laser rotation speed setting is a control setting that specifies the angular velocity of the laser in a FBRM run over time. [Allotrope]
laser rotation speed setting
A chord selection setting is a control setting for a FBRM run that optimizes the analysis for small primary particles or larger agglomerates. [Allotrope]
chord selection setting
A stuck particle correction enabled setting is a control setting for a FBRM run that controls whether or not data analysis ignores stuck particles (those present in the same location of the laser path even as the laser rotates), which can correct for up to 10% of the particles being stuck. [Allotrope]
stuck particle correction enabled setting
A laser rotation speed data cube is a data cube that represents the measured angular velocity of the laser in a FBRM run over time. [Allotrope]
laser rotation speed data cube
true
FTIR profile result
An FTIR profile is a profile that quantifies the absorbance by or transmittance through a material entity over time and by frequency in the infrared range. [Allotrope]
FTIR profile
A background document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a background measurement. [Allotrope]
background document
true
Raman profile result
A Raman profile is a profile that quantifies the intensity of Raman scattering vs. Raman shift (cm-1) over time. [Allotrope]
Raman profile
true
NIR profile
NIR profile result
near infra-red profile
near infra-red profile result
near infrared profile result
near-infrared profile
near-infrared profile result
A near infrared profile is a profile that quantifies absorbed or transmitted radiation over time in the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm). [Allotrope]
near infrared profile
true
UV-VIS profile
UV-VIS profile result
UV-VIS spectroscopy profile
UV-VIS spectroscopy profile result
UV-Vis profile
UV-Vis profile result
UV-Vis spectroscopy profile
UV-Vis spectroscopy profile result
UV-vis profile
UV-vis profile result
UV-vis spectroscopy profile
UV-vis spectroscopy profile result
ultraviolet-visible profile result
ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy profile result
uv-vis profile
uv-vis profile result
uv-vis spectroscopy profile
uv-vis spectroscopy profile result
An ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy profile is a profile that quantifies absorbed or transmitted radiation over time in the ultraviolet-visible region. [Allotrope]
ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy profile
UV-VIS document
UV-VIS spectroscopy document
UV-Vis document
UV-Vis spectroscopy document
UV-vis document
UV-vis spectroscopy document
ultraviolet-visible document
uv-vis document
uv-vis spectroscopy document
A ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a UV-Vis spectroscopic run. [Allotrope]
ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy document
true
A spectrometer type is a classification datum that classifies the type of spectrometer used in a process. [Allotrope]
spectrometer type
true
concentration profile result
A concentration profile is a profile that quantifies the concentration of a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
concentration profile
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
A chemical shift is a quality quantification facet quantifying the fractional variation of the resonance frequency of a nucleus in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in consequence of its magnetic environment of a nucleus. The chemical shift of a nucleus, δ, is expressed as a ratio involving its frequency, ν_cpd, relative to that of a standard, ν_ref, and defined as: δ = (ν_cpd - ν_ref)/ν_ref. [IUPAC]
chemical shift
true
synthesis material role type
An analysis material role type is a classification datum that classifies the role of a portion of material in a reaction. [Allotrope]
analysis material role type
molar ratio
An analyte molar ratio is a ratio quantification datum that quantifies the relative molar amount of an analyte to a reference entity. [Allotrope]
analyte molar ratio
A sample preparation aggregate document is a document that aggregates sample preparation documents. [Allotrope]
sample preparation aggregate document
A sample preparation document is a document about a sample preparation process. [Allotrope]
sample preparation document
purity (datum)
purity result
A purity (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the purity of a portion of material. [Allotrope]
purity
An NMR multiplet is a peak group in a NMR spectrum, all of which are associated with a single nuclei but for which the signal has been split due to interactions with neighboring nuclei. [Allotrope]
NMR multiplet
An associated nuclei count is a count that indicates the number of nuclei associated with a NMR multiplet. [Allotrope]
associated nuclei count
measurement aggregate result
A measurement aggregate document is a document about a collection of measurement documents. [Allotrope]
measurement aggregate document
A measurement document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a measurement. [Allotrope]
measurement document
true
An aperture size setting temperature setting is a control setting that specifies the size of the aperture opening. [Allotrope]
aperture size setting
true
A michelson interferometer acquisition mode setting is a control setting that specifies whether the interferogram measurement is single or double-sided and whether one or both scan directions are used in the measurement. [Allotrope]
michelson interferometer acquisition mode setting
true
A sample measurement interface type is a classification datum that classifies the sample measurement interface used by a measuring process. [Allotrope]
sample measurement interface type
A thermal conductivity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the disposition to spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. [Allotrope]
thermal conductivity
A temperature rate is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the change in temperature over time in some material. [Allotrope]
temperature rate
IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 1993
angle of optical rotation (datum)
angle of optical rotation result
circular birefringence (datum)
circular birefringence result
polarization rotation (datum)
polarization rotation result
An angle of optical rotation result is a quality quantification facet quantifying the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium. [IUPAC]
angle of optical rotation
specific optical rotation
specific rotation result
A specific rotation result is is a quality quantification facet quantifying the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution. [Wikipedia]
specific rotation
A specific rotation document is a document about a polarimetry process used to measure a specific rotation. [Allotrope]
specific rotation document
An end point determination setting is a control setting that specifies the end point of an analysis. [Allotrope]
end point determination setting
A maximum run time setting is an end point determination setting that specifies the maximum time of analysis. [Allotrope]
maximum run time setting
A change rate end point setting is an end point determination setting that specifies the maximum change in weight per unit time. [Allotrope]
change rate end point setting
An extrapolated weight end point setting is an end point determination setting based on extrapolating initial weight loss to a predicted final dry weight. [Allotrope]
extrapolated weight end point setting
heating profile setting
temperature program setting
A temperature program setting is a control setting that specifies the heating profile to use to achieve the desired temperature. [Allotrope]
temperature profile setting
ratio quantification datum
A ratio quantification datum is a quantification datum that quantifies the relative magnitude as a ratio of the magnitude of the subject to that of the reference entity. [Allotrope]
ratio quantification facet
molar mass (datum)
molar mass result
Molar mass is a mass that quantifies the mass of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 10^23 atoms or molecules. [Allotrope]
molar mass
apodization filter
apodization method
Apodization is the name of a filter method used in some data apodization. [Allotrope]
apodization
number of zero filling
The factor of the size increase by time domain zero padding the Fourier transformation. [Allotrope]
zero filling factor
Phase correction is the name of a method for phase correction used to adjust FT spectra. [Allotrope]
phase correction
A thermal conductance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the heat flow over time through a material of specific area and thickness. [Allotrope]
thermal conductance
A profile setting is a setting the specifies the change of a configuration of a system over time or a reaction to a change of a situation over time. [Allotrope]
profile setting
A control profile setting is a profile setting that specifies how a system's configuration is controlled over time. [Allotrope]
control profile setting
NMR spectrum data cube
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data cube is a data cube that is a representation of a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. [Allotrope]
nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum data cube
mass spectrometry result
A mass spectrometry document is a document that encompasses the information associated with a mass spectrometry run. [Allotrope]
mass spectrometry document
An ADF converter name is a written name of some software used to convert data into the Allotrope format. [Allotrope]
ADF converter name
An ADF converter method identifier is an identifier identifying the method used by an ADF converter to convert a dataset into the Allotrope format. [Allotrope]
ADF converter method identifier
An ADF converter version is a software version specifying the version of an ADF converter used to convert a dataset into the Allotrope format. [Allotrope]
ADF converter version
A start time is a time that denotes the start of some process. [Allotrope]
start time
A end time is a time that denotes the end of some process. [Allotrope]
end time
A hardness is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some hardness. [Allotrope]
hardness
A data validity assessment is an assessment about the validity of some data for a specified purpose. [Allotrope]
data validity assessment
A data validity code is an code that indicates the validity of some data. [Allotrope]
data validity code
A thickness is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some thickness. [Allotrope]
thickness
A disintegration apparatus disc type is an classification datum classifying some disintegration apparatus disc. [Allotrope]
disintegration apparatus disc type
A disintegration apparatus basket identifier is an identifier of some disintegration apparatus basket. [Allotrope]
disintegration apparatus basket identifier
A fill depth is a quality quantification facet quantifying the depth of material in a container. [Allotrope]
fill depth
A result specification is a specification of acceptable limits for a result or set of results. [Allotrope]
result value specification
A material suitability specification is a material specification defining acceptable limits for qualities or required functions or dispositions of some material to be suitable for a specified use case. [Allotrope]
material suitability specification
A specification assessment is an assessment about whether some result conforms to a predefined specification. [Allotrope]
specification assessment
A minimum value is a descriptive statistic that denotes the smallest value present in some dataset. [Allotrope]
minimum value
A maximum value is a descriptive statistic that denotes the largest value present in some dataset. [Allotrope]
maximum value
The relative standard deviation is a ratio of the standard deviation to the arithmetic mean. [Allotrope]
relative standard deviation
An absolute water content is a mass datum quantifying the absolute mass of water in a sample. [Allotrope]
absolute water content
A water mass concentration is a mass concentration quantifying the mass of water divided by the total volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]
water mass concentration
A water mass fraction is a mass fraction quantifying the mass of water divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]
water mass fraction
A data validity is a qualification about the suitability of some data for a specified purpose. [Allotrope]
data validity
shake configuration description
shake setup
A shaking configuration description is a description of the shaking process configuration. [Allotrope]
shaking configuration description
detector distance setting
A detector distance setting is a control setting that specifies the distance between the detector and the scanned plate. [Allotrope]
detector distance setting (plate reader)
A scan position setting is a setting that specifies whether the detector is positioned underneath the microplate. [Allotrope]
scan position setting (plate reader)
carriage speed setting
A detector carriage speed setting is a control setting that specifies the speed of a detector carriage. [Allotrope]
detector carriage speed setting
A read interval setting is a control setting that specifies the duration between individual reads in a measurement. [Allotrope]
read interval setting
A total measurement time setting is a control setting that specifies the aggregated duration of a series of measurements. [Allotrope]
total measurement time setting
A detector wavelength setting is a control setting that specifies the wavelength of a particular signal to be measured by the detector. [Allotrope]
detector wavelength setting
A well scan pattern setting is a control setting that specifies the pattern of scanned points within a well. [Allotrope]
well scan pattern setting
A well scan density setting is a control setting that specifies the number of scanned points within a well. [Allotrope]
well scan density setting
A luminescence profile data cube is a data cube that represents a luminescence profile. [Allotrope]
luminescence profile data cube
A luminescence spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a luminescence spectrum. [Allotrope]
luminescence spectrum data cube
A luminescence area scan data cube is a data cube that represents a luminescence area scan. [Allotrope]
luminescence area scan data cube
true
A luminescence profile is a profile that quantifies the luminescence of a material entity over time. [Allotrope]
luminescence profile
true
A luminescence area scan is a data distribution function of the luminescence of a material entity scanned over a predefined area. [Allotrope]
luminescence area scan
true
A vial location identifier is a local identifier that identifies the location of a vial in the vial plate in the scope of the vial plate. [Allotrope]
vial location identifier
A beam deceleration voltage setting is a voltage setting controlling the voltage on a sample holder to decelerate some electron beam. [Allotrope]
beam deceleration voltage setting
An image format is a classification datum classifying an image by the data format specification that its representation has. [Allotrope]
image format
An image height is the vertical length of some image. [Allotrope]
image height
An image width is the horizontal length of some image. [Allotrope]
image width
A condenser lens voltage setting is voltage setting specifying the voltage of some condenser lens. [Allotrope]
condenser lens voltage setting
An electron beam working distance is a quality quantification facet quantifying the distance between the final lens and the focal point of the electron beam. [Allotrope]
electron beam working distance
A micron marker setting is a setting that specifies the distance between subdivisions on the size marker included in some image. [Allotrope]
micron marker setting
An x-coordinate is a scalar number datum with the role of x-coordinate. [Allotrope]
x-coordinate
A y-coordinate is a scalar number datum with the role of y-coordinate. [Allotrope]
y-coordinate
A z-coordinate is a scalar number datum with the role of z-coordinate. [Allotrope]
z-coordinate
An incident radiation angle is a quality quantification facet quantifying the angle between the beam of radiation and the surface of some sample it impacts. [Allotrope]
incident radiation angle
scan speed setting
A scan speed setting is a control setting that specifies the speed at which the radiation beam scans some sample. [Allotrope]
scan speed setting (electron microscopy)
A detector bandwidth setting is a control setting that specifies the bandwidth of a particular signal to be measured by the detector. [Allotrope]
detector bandwidth setting
A wavelength filter cutoff setting is a control setting that specifies the minimum wavelength allowed to pass to the detector. [Allotrope]
wavelength filter cutoff setting
An excitation laser wavelength setting is a control setting specifying the wavelength of the laser beam used for the excitation of the sample. [Allotrope]
excitation wavelength setting
PAC, 1984, 56, 231. (Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-Part VI: molecular luminescence spectroscopy)
PAC, 1994, 66, 2513. (Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994))
fluorescence (datum)
A fluorescence is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some fluorescence. [Allotrope]
A fluorescence is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC]
fluorescence
A fluorescence excitation spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a fluorescence excitation spectrum. [Allotrope]
fluorescence excitation spectrum data cube
A fluorescence emission spectrum data cube is a data cube that represents a fluorescence emission spectrum. [Allotrope]
fluorescence emission spectrum data cube
A fluorescence excitation spectrum is a spectrum that plots the intensity of fluorescence of a material entity vs the excitation wavelength at a defined emission wavelength. [Allotrope]
fluorescence excitation spectrum
A fluorescence emission spectrum is a spectrum that plots the intensity of fluorescence of a material entity vs the emission wavelength at a defined excitation wavelength. [Allotrope]
fluorescence emission spectrum
A coordinate is a scalar as component of a vector or tuple in a coordinate system specifying a point in space. [Allotrope]
coordinate
A Cartesian coordinate is a coordinate in a Cartesian coordinate system, that specifies each point uniquely in an n-dimensional Euclidean space . These coordinates are equal, up to sign, to distances from the point to n mutually perpendicular hyperplanes. [Allotrope, Wikipedia]
Cartesian coordinate
An emission bandwidth setting is a control setting that specifies the bandwidth of a particular signal to be emitted by a source. [Allotrope]
emission bandwidth setting
A detector model number is a model number that denotes some class of detectors. [Allotrope]
detector model number
A detector identifier is a measurement device identifier that identifies some detector. [Allotrope]
detector identifier
A detector view volume is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the volume of material visible to the detector at the point of measurement. [Allotrope]
detector view volume
A sample volume setting is a control setting specifying the volume of sample to be used in a measurement. [Allotrope]
sample volume setting
A flush volume setting is a control setting specifying the volume of material to be used to flush some device. [Allotrope]
flush volume setting
differential count (datum)
differential count datum
A differential count is a count that has non-negative integer values that is about the number of discrete things within a defined range. [Allotrope]
differential count
A cumulative particle density is a scalar quantity datum that quantifies the number density of particles meeting a given criterion. [Allotrope]
cumulative particle density
A differential particle density is a summary datum that quantifies the number density of particles within a specified range criterion. [Allotrope]
differential particle density
A data processing omission setting is a data processing setting that marks whether the related dataset should be excluded from some data processing. [Allotrope]
data processing omission setting
A dilution factor setting is a control setting specifying some dilution factor. [Allotrope]
dilution factor setting
An area scan is a data distribution function over points of a defined area. [Allotrope]
The measurement output of an area scanning [Allotrope]
area scan
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
luminescence (datum)
Luminescence is a quality quantification datum that quantifies the spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment. [IUPAC]
luminescence
A position code is a code that indicates a position. [Allotrope]
position code
A luminescence is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some luminescence. [Allotrope]
luminescence
A material specification is a specification that specifies some qualities, roles or dispositions of some material. [Allotrope]
material specification
A prescription is a proposition that is about some social rules that are imposed on the use of some entity, that a member of the social community has to follow. [Allotrope]
directive
rule
prescription
true
analyst
Analyst is the role of a person which is an agent in the process of examination. [Allotrope]
analyst role
true
conditional role
Condition role is a contextual role of an information object that specifies a prerequisite. [Allotrope]
condition role
controller
Controller role is a controlling role of some material entity that is controlling some other object or a process. [Allotrope]
controller role
true
Denominator is the conceptual role of a scalar that indicates the number of equal parts into which the unit is divided. [Allotrope]
denominator
true
An identifier role is the contextual role of an information content entity that identifies another entity. [Allotrope]
identifier role
true
Sowa, Knowledge Representation, Brooks Cole Publishing Co., 2000
http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/thematic.htm
input
2018-07-23 Removed parent class, same as this. [Allotrope]
A general role if its bearer is the input of the process that realizes the role. The bearer exists at the beginning of the process but not necessarily at its end. [Allotrope]
formal definition needs FOL
input role
interpolation
An interpolation is the contextual role of a quantity or number that has been the result of an interpolation. [Allotrope]
interpolation role
true
material input
Material input is a role of a material that is an input in a process. [Allotrope]
material input role
mobile phase role
Mobile phase is the chromatographic phase role of a fluid material entity in a chromatography process to act as the fluid that percolates through or along the stationary bed in chromatography. [Allotrope, CHMO]
mobile phase
true
Name role is a contextual role of an information content entity that refers to an entity by a non-identifying designation. [Allotrope]
name role
true
nominal value
2018-07-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A nominal value is a contextual role of an information content entity that states an asserted value, that is assumed to be true. [Allotrope]
nominal datum
true
Numerator is the conceptual role of a scalar that indicates the number which is to be divided into equal parts. [Allotrope]
numerator
true
objective
Objective role is the contextual role of an information object that describes an intent or purpose which is a situation at the process end point. [Allotrope]
objective role
upper operating limit
2018-07-31 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2019-09-20 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
An operating maximum is the contextual role of a description or specification of an upper bound of quality of a system or environment during the operation of the system. [Allotrope]
operating maximum
true
http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn#OperatingRange
2018-07-31 Changed pref label and definition, and moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
An operating range is the contextual role of a description or specification about a operating situation (qualities of a system or its environment) during the normal operation of the system. [Allotrope]
operating range
true
Sowa, Knowledge Representation, Brooks Cole Publishing Co., 2000
http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/thematic.htm
output
product
product role
2018-07-23 Removed parent class, same as this. [Allotrope]
A general role if its bearer is the output of the process that realizes the role. The bearer exists at the end of the process but not necessarily at its beginning. [Allotrope]
formal definition needs FOL
output role
true
parameter
parameter (process)
process parameter
2018-12-19 Added alt labels. [Allotrope]
Parameter role is a data input role that is about some useful or critical characteristic of a particular system, for the purpose of identification, controlling, or evaluating the performance, status or conditions in the process. [Allotrope]
parameter role
material cleaned
part cleaned
part cleaned role
2019-10-02 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
Material that is undergoing a cleaning process. [Allotrope]
material cleaned role
reference
A role inhered by a participant that is a reference for qualitative or quantitative comparison in relation to other entities. [Allotrope]
measuring standard
reference role
selected object
selected component
2018-07-23 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A selected object is the selection role of the object that is selected from the selection target. [Allotrope]
selected object role
true
2018-07-23 Made a defined class and moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
A device that is selected to perform a specific function in a process. [Allotrope]
selected device
true
setting role
setting value
2018-07-31 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope]
Setting datum is the contextual role of an information object that specifies some device or process setting. [Allotrope]
setting datum
true
A snapshot is the contextual role of an information object that is about a point in time within the bounds of a process. [Allotrope]
snapshot
true
specification subject
specification target
A specification target is the role of a material entity that participates in a specifying process and is what the resulting specification is about. [Allotrope]
specification target role
A stationary phase is the chromatographic phase role of a solid, gel or liquid material that is the stationary component in chromatography. [Allotrope]
stationary phase
true
Temporal mean is the contextual role of a quantity (quantity value or count) that describes a arithmetic mean of a quantity over time. [Allotrope]
temporal mean
true
Time segment is a contextual role of some information object that is about a temporal part in the context of representation of a process. [Allotrope]
time segment
sample
A sample role is a type of role whose bearer is a material entity that is the output of a sampling. [Allotrope]
sample role
true
A contextual role that describes the way information is participating in some process from a causal dependency perspective. [Allotrope]
processing role
true
The role of some datum forming the maximum or minimum value in a range or collection of values. [Allotrope]
bound role
The role of a datum that is smaller than all data in an ordered range or collection. [Allotrope]
lower bound
The role of a datum that is greater than all data in an ordered range or collection. [Allotrope]
upper bound
true
data output
result
Data output role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that is the output of a process. [Allotrope]
data output role
true
data input
Data input role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that is the input of a process. [Allotrope]
data input role
true
An aggregation role is a contextual role of an information entity that is participant of an aggregation process. [Allotrope]
aggregation role
Aggregate role is the contextual role of an information content entity that is a collection of others. [Allotrope]
aggregate role
Member role is the contextual role of an information object that is member of some collection. [Allotrope]
member role
true
description
description role
A role of an information content entity that is meant to describe an object. [Allotrope]
descriptive purpose
true
A description of the cause-consequence relation of processes. [Allotrope]
causal role
true
Cause is the causal role of an information content entity that is about something causally dependent for another thing. [Allotrope]
cause
true
effect
Consequence is the causal role of an information content entity that is about something causally resultant from another thing. [Allotrope]
consequence
true
An invariant is the contextual role of an information object that is about a situation that does not change during the whole process. [Allotrope]
invariant
true
A post condition is the temporal contextual role of an information content entity that is about the situation, that is a condition so that a process can end or achieve its goal. [Allotrope]
post condition
true
A precondition is the temporal contextual role of an information content entity that is about the situation, that is a condition so that a process can start. [Allotrope]
precondition
true
designative role
A designative purpose is a type of contextual role of information artifacts that denote an entity in order to describe its characteristics. [Allotrope]
designative purpose
An index role is a contextual role of an information object that denotes to another object that is part of an aggregation and it is the data output of some indexing process. [Allotrope]
index role
true
directive
directive role
specification
specification datum
specification role
specified datum
specified value
2018-07-31 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope]
A directive purpose or specification role is a type of contextual role of information content entities that are about an entity with a purpose to give directions. [Allotrope]
directive purpose
true
Specified action is the role of information object that specifies an activity. [Allotrope]
specified action
true
Specified capability is the contextual role of an information object that specifies a capability. [Allotrope]
specified capability
true
A specified quality is the contextual role of an information object that describes a quality as part of an specification. [Allotrope]
specified quality
true
A specified situation is the contextual role of an information object that describes a portion of reality as part of a specification. [Allotrope]
specified situation
true
specified flow
specified workflow
Specified procedure is the contextual role of an information object that specifies a flow of activities. [Allotrope]
specified procedure
true
A contextual role of information that describes some social rules that are imposed on the use of some entity, that a member of the social community has to follow. [Allotrope]
prescriptive purpose
true
A contextual role of information that is dependent on some temporal region or process boundary. [Allotrope]
temporal role
true
exception
A contextual role of information the describes an unexpected, unusual or unintended situation. [Allotrope]
exception role
true
2018-12-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A variable is the contextual role of some data that is part of some other data that is varied in a mathematical function or during data processing. [Allotrope]
variable
true
A dependent variable is a contextual role of an information artifact that represents the outputs or outcomes whose variation is being studied. [Wikipedia]
dependent variable
true
An independent variable is a contextual role of an information artifact that represents inputs or causes for variation of a dependent variable. In the experimental setting, the independent variable is controlled by the experimenter. Models and experiments test or determine the effects that the independent variables have on the dependent variables. [Wikipedia]
independent variable
true
Specified profile is the contextual role of an information object that specifies a process profile. [Allotrope]
specified profile
true
actual value
observed value
2018-07-19 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
A actual value is the contextual role of an information content entity that is the direct or indirect output of some observation and describes some quality. [Allotrope]
actual datum
port
A site that is part of a system has the port role if a component is connected to other components or systems at the site and material or energy can flow at the site. [Allotrope]
port role
A support role is a type of role whose bearer participates in a process in order to support the process so that it proceeds towards a secondary objective. [Allotrope]
2018-12-05 Moved to AFO to maintain single inheritence [Allotrope]
support role
The role inhered in a material entity that sends the transferred object in a transfer process. [Allotrope]
sender role
The role inhered in a material entity that receives the transferred object in a transfer process. [Allotrope]
receiver role
medium
A transfer medium is the role of a material that carries the transferred flow. [Allotrope]
transfer medium role
true
abstract role
2019-05-13 Moved under continuant. [Allotrope]
A general role is either a role that is realized in a process or a contextual role in that process. [Allotrope]
This defined class covers roles as abstractions that can be borne by material and information entities.
general role
true
At end is the contextual role of an information content entity that is about the end of a process. [Allotrope]
at end
true
At start is the contextual role of an information content entity that is about the start of a process. [Allotrope]
at start
true
During is the contextual role of an information object that is about something within a temporal range of a process. [Allotrope]
during
http://deseng.ryerson.ca/DesignScience/7a.html
agent
2018-12-05 Moved to AFO to maintain single inheritence [Allotrope]
The role of a participant that delivers the necessary effects as active participant in the process to the operand. [Allotrope]
agent role
component
An granular part of an object aggregate that plays the role of a system. [Allotrope]
component role
detection stimulant
A role inhered when the presence of the bearer indicates the presence of the detection target in a detection process. [Allotrope]
detection stimulant role
true
material output
Material output role is a role of a material that is participant at the end of a process. [Allotrope]
material output role
system
A role of an object aggregate that consists of multiple components that are causally integrated. [Allotrope]
system role
Parts of a system that are a building a system on its own. [Allotrope]
subsystem role
transfer role
A role that is realized in some transfer process. [Allotrope]
transferring role
Storage medium is the role of a material or site where something is stored. [Allotrope]
storage medium role
A role that is realized in some storing process. [Allotrope]
storage role
selection population
selection set
selection target
The selection target is the role of a participant in a selection process from which partitions are selected. [Allotrope]
selection target role
One of the portions of material between which the components to be separated are distributed in chromatography. [CHMO]
chromatographic phase
true
analyte
The component of a system to be analyzed. [CHMO]
analyte role
bond
A system bond is the role of a site where two components are connected via their ports. At this site energy or material can flow. [Allotrope]
system bond role
source
A role of a site where material or energy is outgoing from the component. [Allotrope]
out-port role
target
A role of a site where material or energy is incoming into the component. [Allotrope]
in-port role
The role of a material that is the flow by which means a linking process is established. [Allotrope]
linking medium role
true
calculated value
2018-07-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A datum that is the result of some calculation. [Allotrope]
calculated datum
true
A derived measure is a measure that is the outcome of some indirect measurement. The derived value is derived from base measures by calculations following a formula or algorithm. [Allotrope]
derived measure
true
A base measure is a measure that is the direct output of some measurement process. [Allotrope]
base measure
true
measured value
A measure is an actual value that is the direct or indirect outcome of some measurement and refers to some metric. [Allotrope]
measure
signal role
A signal is a role of some material entity that disposed to provide information. In the physical world, any quantity exhibiting variation in time or variation in space (such as an image) is potentially a signal that might provide information on the status of a physical system, or convey a message between observers, among other possibilities. [Allotrope, Wikipedia]
physical signal role
true
physical input
"Physical input" is a role of a material or energy that is input in a process. [Allotrope]
physical input role
true
physical output
"Physical input" is a role of a material or energy that is input in a process. [Allotrope]
physical output role
true
gaseous mobile phase role
Gaseous mobile phase is the mobile phase role of a gaseous material. [Allotrope]
gaseous mobile phase
true
Supercritical mobile phase is the mobile phase role of a supercritical fluid material. [Allotrope]
supercritical mobile phase
true
A contextual role is a representation of a specific interpretation of the information content object or of the circumstances that the information content object is referencing to. [Allotrope]
objective of a specification
parameter of a calculation
result of a measurement
contextual role
Hubka, Eder, Ernst, Design Science, Springer, 1996
operand
The role of a participant that is being changed in the process (passive participant) from an input state to an output state. [Allotrope]
operand role
Indexed member is the member role that has an index facet. [Allotrope]
indexed member
Ordered member is a member role that has an ordering within the collection. [Allotrope]
ordered member
experiment sample
An experiment sample is a role that is played by a material object of interest in an assay used to obtain generalizable information about the sample source. [Allotrope]
experiment sample role
coated material
substrate
substrate role
A coated material is a coating role of a material whose surface is being coated by another material which it covers. [Allotrope]
coated material role
coating
coating medium
coating medium role
A coating role is the role of a material that coats another material (the substrate). [Allotrope]
coating role
measurand
A measurand role is a measurement role of a material entity that is being measured. [Allotrope]
measurand role
additive
Additive is a role of material that is added to a mixture in order to achieve a supportive purpose. [Allotrope]
additive role
false
PAC, 1996, 68, 155 (Glossary of terms used in chemical kinetics, including reaction dynamics.)
catalyst
A catalyst role is a reagent role of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction; the process is called catalysis. The catalyst is both a reactant and product of the reaction. [IUPAC]
catalyst role
Effluent is a mobile phase eluting from a column. [Allotrope]
effluent
2020-12-16 Rephrased definition [Allotrope]
A mobile phase that is analyte material coming from the chromatograph. [Allotrope]
eluate
Eluent is a mobile phase entering a column to perform a separation of material. [Allotrope]
eluent
debris
Debris is a role of material to be waste. [Allotrope]
debris role
PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 612
detergent
A detergent role is a cleaning role of a surface active agent (or a mixture containing one of more surface active agents) having cleaning properties in dilute solution. [IUPAC]
detergent role
diluent
Diluent is a role of material used to lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture of another ingredient. [NCI]
diluent role
dispersant
A dispersant is either a non-surface active polymer or a surface-active substance added to a suspension, usually a colloid, to improve the separation of particles and to prevent settling or clumping. [Wikipedia]
dispersant role
excipient
Excipient is a role of a generally pharmacologically inactive substance that is formulated with the active ingredient of a medication. [ChEBI]
excipient role
true
filtrate
Filtrate is a role of liquid outcome of a filtration process that is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. [Wikipedia]
filtrate role
intermedate reagent role
intermediate
intermediate reagent role
intermediate role
reaction intermediate
Intermediate role is a role of material that is formed from reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction. [Wikipedia]
reaction intermediate role
marker
A marker is a role of material to allow for identification of an object of interest. [Allotrope]
marker role
reactant
starting material
Reactant role is a role of a chemical entity that is present at the start of a reaction. [Allotrope]
reactant role
true
PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 608
retentate
The retentate role is the role of the material that is retained by a filtration process. [Allotrope]
retentate role
standard
standard role
Standard material role is a role of material that is set up and established by authority as a reference material for the measure of quantity, weight, extent, value, or quality. [Allotrope]
standard material role
IUPAC Compendium on Analytical Nomenclature, Definitive Rules 1997, 3rd Edition, IUPAC Orange Book, prepared for publication by J. Inczedy, T. Lengyel, and A.M. Ure, Blackwell Science, 1998
titrant
Titrant is a role of a solution containing the active agent with which a titration is made. [IUPAC]
titrant role
detergent
detergent role
washing agent
washing agent role
Cleaning agent role is a role of material used for cleaning something. [Allotrope]
cleaning agent role
origin
origin role
2018-08-10 Changed labels [Allotrope]
Origin is the contextual role of an information object that is about the spatio-temporal location at the beginning of a process that changes it. [Allotrope]
origin datum
true
relative datum
relative value
2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
A relative datum role is the contextual role of a datum that is about a quantity or number that is the result of a ratio or difference calculation or an assertion of magnitude relative to a reference entity. [Allotrope]
relative datum role
ingredient
Ingredient is a role of material that is used in a material combining process to produce a new material. [Allotrope]
ingredient role
The sum is the contextual role of numerical data that results from the addition of two or more numbers, amounts, or items. [Allotrope]
sum
A version role is the contextual role of an information content entity that denotes a specific variant in the history. [Allotrope]
version role
validation
validation sample
An validation sample role is a sample role of a material sample that is used for validation purposes. [Allotrope]
validation sample role
control
control sample
An control sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of analyte for control purposes. [Allotrope]
control sample role
calibration sample
An calibration sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of substance for calibration purposes. [Allotrope]
calibration sample role
standard
standard sample
2020-09-16 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
An standard sample role is a sample role of a material sample that does contain a known amount of standard material. [Allotrope]
standard sample role
unknown
unknown sample
An unknown sample role is a sample role of a material of an unknown substance, or that does contain an unknown amount of analyte. [Allotrope]
unknown sample role
quality control
quality control sample
An quality control sample role is a control sample role of a material that is used for purposes of quality control. [Allotrope]
quality control sample role
reference
reference sample
An reference sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of analyte. [Allotrope]
reference sample role
blank
blank sample
blank sample role
An blank role is a sample role of a material that does not contain any analyte. [Allotrope]
blank role
spike
spike role
spike sample
A spiked sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a spike substance. [Allotrope]
spiked sample role
unspiked
unspiked sample
An unspiked sample role is a sample role of a material sample that does not contain a spike substance. [Allotrope]
unspiked sample role
true
Spatio-temporal role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that denotes an entity in a spatio-temporal context. [Allotrope]
spatio-temporal role
destination
destination role
2018-08-10 Changed labels [Allotrope]
Destination is the contextual role of an information object that is about the spatio-temporal location at the end of a process that changes it. [Allotrope]
destination datum
true
expression role
term
term role
A role of a mathematical information object as component of a mathematical formula. [Allotrope]
term mathematical role
solvent
Solvent is the role of a potion of liquid material when it dissolves a solute in order to produce a solution. [Allotrope]
solvent role
dissolved compound
dissolved substance
solute
solvated compound
Solute is the role a portion of material when it is dissolved within a solution. [Allotrope]
solute role
discontinuous phase
dispersed phase
The dispersed phase role is the dispersion role of a portion of material in a dispersion, that is distributed in the form of discrete discontinuities
(particles, droplets or bubbles), in a second immiscible phase that is
continuous. [NIST]
dispersed phase role
continuous medium
continuous medium role
continuous phase
The continuous phase role is the dispersion role of a portion of material constituting the medium, a phase that exhibits continuity throughout the
dispersion. [NIST]
continuous phase role
The role of a portion of material that participates in a dispersion process to form a colloid. [Allotrope]
dispersion role
The role of a portion of material that participates in a dissolution process to form a solution. [Allotrope]
dissolution role
The initial response is the role of an outgoing signal as it was generated raw without signal processing from a processing component. [Allotrope]
initial response
The primary response is the role of an outgoing signal that serves the intended main function of the system. [Allotrope]
primary response
true
A contextual role that describes an interpretation in a mathematical model. [Allotrope]
coordinate
variable
mathematical role
true
abscissa
x-coordinate
2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
The x-coordinate is the Cartesian coordinate in the first dimension of a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope]
x-coordinate role
true
ordinate
y-coordinate
2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
The y-coordinate is the Cartesian coordinate in the second dimension of a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope]
y-coordinate role
true
coordinate
2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A coordinate role is a contextual role of a scalar as component of a vector or tuple in a coordinate system specifying a point in space. [Allotrope]
coordinate role
true
Cartesian coordinate
2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A Cartesian coordinate role is a coordinate role of a scalar in a Cartesian coordinate system, that specifies each point uniquely in an n-dimensional Euclidean space . These coordinates are equal, up to sign, to distances from the point to n mutually perpendicular hyperplanes. [Allotrope, Wikipedia]
Cartesian coordinate role
reference purpose
reference role
A reference datum is the contextual role of some information content entity that is referenced in the context of another information content entity for the purpose of comparison. It describes or denotes an object that has the role of a reference role. [Allotrope]
reference datum
temporal reference
The role of some data piece of information that acts as reference for stating relative time. [Allotrope]
temporal reference role
operator
Operator is the role of a person which controls or uses a device in an agent role. [Allotrope]
operator role
A role which is played by a participant in a selection process. [Allotrope]
selection role
The role of a participant of a cleaning process. [Allotrope]
cleaning role
true
about role
information subject role
information target role
2018-08-03 Change labels [Allotrope]
A role of an entity in some information producing process that produces information about this entity. [Allotrope]
subject role
The role of a participant in a detecting process. [Allotrope]
detection role
detection target
The role inhered by being the objective of a detecting activity. [Allotrope]
detection target role
A role of a participant in an analysis assay. [Allotrope]
analysis role
A role of a participant in a measurement. [Allotrope]
measurement role
A role of a participant in a linking process. [Allotrope]
linking role
A role of a participant in a controlling process. [Allotrope]
controlling role
control target
control target role
controlled object
Controlled object is the role of a material entity that is being controlled by a controller in a controlling process. [Allotrope]
controlled object role
The role of a portion of material that participates in a dilution process. [Allotrope]
dilution role
result
Result role is a data output role that applies to new information produced by a process. [Allotrope]
result role
ratio datum
ratio value
2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
A ratio datum role is a relative datum role that expresses the relative magnitude as a ratio of the magnitude of the subject to that of the reference entity. [Allotrope]
ratio datum role
true
difference datum
difference value
2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
A difference datum role is a relative datum role that expresses the relative magnitude as a difference or interval of the magnitude of the subject to that of the reference entity. [Allotrope]
difference datum role
A relation role is a contextual role of an information content entity that is about a relation of the subject of the information content entity to another entity. [Allotrope]
relation role
first
A first member is an ordered member that has no predecessor in the aggregate. [Allotrope]
first member
last
A last member is an ordered member that has no successor in the aggregate. [Allotrope]
last member
A statistical role is a contextual role of data in statistics. [Allotrope]
statistical role
arithmetic mean
average
average role
mean
mean role
2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
The arithmetic mean is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the collection. [Wikipedia]
arithmetic mean role
median
2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
The median role is a statistical datum role that denotes the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. [Wikipedia]
median role
skewness
2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
Skewness role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive or negative, or undefined. [Wikipedia]
skewness role
variance
2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
The variance role is a statistical datum role of a datum that denotes the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean. [Wikipedia]
variance role
A statistical sample role is the contextual role of a subset of a statistical population that is chosen to represent the population in a statistical analysis. [Wikipedia]
statistical sample role
population
population role
statistical population
A statistical population role is the statistical role of a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment (the statistical population). A statistical population can be a group of existing entities or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of entities conceived as a generalization from experience. [Wikipedia]
the class of living cells is the population role in the 'average living cell diameter' result datum of a cell counter result
statistical population role
aleatory variable
random quantity
stochastic variable
In probability and statistics, a random variable, random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable is a variable whose possible values are outcomes of a random phenomenon. [Wikipedia]
random variable
statistic
statistic datum
statistical result
2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A statistic datum is the summary output of descriptive statistics on a statistical population. [Allotrope]
statistic datum role
trigger value
An trigger datum is the role of a datum that specifies some situation about a system or environment participating in a process that should trigger the start of another process. [Allotrope]
trigger datum
An survival range is the contextual role of an description or specification of about an environment in which the operation of a system can or should operate without damaging the system. [Allotrope]
survival range
alert value
An alert datum is a trigger datum that specifies a trigger that initiates a notification process that warns about an unintended situation. [Allotrope]
alert datum
Reference signal is the role of a signal that relates to another signal as reference for comparison. [Allotrope]
reference signal
domain
domain (mathematics)
2018-12-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A domain is the mathematical role of the set a function is applied on. [Allotrope]
domain (math)
codomain
codomain (mathematics)
2018-12-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A codomain is the mathematical role of the set a function maps to. [Allotrope]
codomain (math)
true
The liquid mobile phase is a role of a liquid material that percolates through the stationary bed in chromatography. [Allotrope, CHMO]
liquid mobile phase
detector
The detector role is a detection role of a material entity that is detecting some other entity. [Allotrope]
detector role
A synthesis role is a role of a material that is participating in a synthesis (material conversion) process. [Allotrope]
synthesis role
A formulation role is a role of a material that is participating in a formulation process. [Allotrope]
formulation role
Particulate phase role is the role of the particles dispersed in a gel, sol or aerosol. [NIST, Allotrope]
particulate phase
API
active pharmaceutical ingredient
drug substance
drug substance role
2020-06-22 Add alt labels. [Allotrope]
The role of a material in a drug product that is biologically active when interacting with other components of the drug product, other potential drug products, or the chemistry of the body into which the drug will be applied. [Allotrope]
active pharmaceutical ingredient role
specimen
Specimen role is the sample role of a prepared fraction of a portion of material that is analyzed in a particular experiment. [Allotrope]
specimen role
by-product
A material role of an expected but not desired product of a synthesis. [Allotrope]
the leaving group in a de-protection step.
by-product role
chemical product
product
A role of a material that is intended and desired to be produced in a synthesis. [Allotrope]
product role
batch
lot
lot role
Batch role is a product role of a portion of material that is intended to have uniform character and quality, within specified limits, and is produced according to a single manufacturing order during the same cycle of manufacture. [Allotrope, CFR21]
batch role
2019-08-27 Fixed OWL definition, bug #694. [Allotrope]
A filtration role is a role of a material in a filtration process. [Allotrope]
filtration role
flush
rinse
rinse solution
rinsing agent
rinsing role
rinsing solution
2019-09-20 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
The rinse solution role is a cleaning agent role of a fluid used to flush something in order to remove contaminants. [Allotrope]
rinse solution role
impurity
A material role for any component of material that is not part of the defined product at the particular stage of manufacture or storage. [Allotrope]
For example a starting material is not an impurity at the start of a reaction but it is an impurity after the final purification step.
impurity role
degradation product
A degradation product is an impurity resulting from a chemical change in the drug substance brought about during manufacture and/or storage of the new drug product by the effect of, for example, light, temperature, pH, water, or by reaction with an excipient and/or the immediate container closure system. [ICH-Q3B]
degradation product role
true
unidentified degradation product
A degradation product role for which a structural characterization has not been achieved and that is defined solely by qualitative analytical properties (e.g., chromatographic retention time). [ICH-Q3A]
unidentified degradation product role
true
unspecified degradation product
A degradation product role that is limited by a general acceptance criterion, but not individually listed with its own specific acceptance criterion, in the new drug product specification. [ICH-Q3A]
unspecified degradation product role
classification role
A contextual role of information that classifies some of some entity into a category, class or schema. [Allotrope]
classification purpose
A sampling role is a role of an object aggregate or a member of that aggregate that participates in a sampling process on the aggregate. [Allotrope]
sampling role
population
The population role is the sampling role of the object aggregate that is object of the sampling. [Allotrope]
The statistical population contextual role is the related contextual role of an information object describing the population.
population role
sample set
The sample set role is the role of the partition of the population object aggregate that was selected in the sampling process. [Allotrope]
sample set role
true
A spatial role is the contextual role of some information context object that is about spatial location, orientation, or relative positioning. [Allotrope]
left, right, above, below, inside, outside, parallel
spatial role
Role that a organizational entity plays leader or formal head of the organization. [W3C ORG]
head
A post is some position within an organization that exists independently of the person or persons filling it. Posts may be used to represent situations where a person is a member of an organization ex officio. [W3C ORG]
the Secretary of State for Scotland is part of UK Cabinet by virtue of being Secretary of State for Scotland, not as an individual person [W3C ORG]
A post can be held by multiple people and hence can be treated as a organization in its own right. [W3C ORG]
post
An approver is the role of an organizational entity that approves something. [Allotrope]
approver
A researcher is the role of an organizational entity that researches something. [Allotrope]
researcher
An investigator is a researcher that is doing an investigation. [Allotrope]
investigator
A reviewer is the role of an agent that reviews some information. [Allotrope]
reviewer
signatory
A signer is the role of the agent in a signing process. [Allotrope]
signer
A calibration role is role of a material entity that participates in a calibration process. [Allotrope]
calibration role
ISO Guide 30
http://www.citac.cc/CITAC_EURACHEM_GUIDE.pdf
calibration material
calibration material role
reference material
standard
standard material
standard material role
A reference material role is the role of a material used in a calibration whose qualities are sufficiently homogenous and well established to be used as reference. [Allotrope]
reference material role
A role for a material used in the synthesis of a new drug substance that is incorporated as an element into the structure of an intermediate and/or of the new drug substance. [ICH-Q3A]
Starting materials are normally commercially available and of defined chemical and physical properties and structure. [ICH-Q3A]
starting material role
A reagent role of the material with the least mole quantity in a chemical process and as such limits the amount of product that can be formed. [Allotrope]
limiting reagent role
enantiomere
enantiomeric impurity
An enantiomeric impurity is the impurity role of a compound with the same molecular formula as the drug substance that differs in the spatial arrangement of atoms within the molecule and is a non-superimposable mirror image. [ICH-Q3A]
enantiomeric impurity role
contaminant
contaminant role
extraneous contaminant
An extraneous contaminant role is an impurity role arising from any source extraneous to the manufacturing process. [ICH-Q3A]
extraneous contaminant role
identified impurity
An impurity for which a structural characterization has been achieved. [ICH-Q3A]
identified impurity role
potential impurity
An impurity role for a material that theoretically can arise during manufacture or storage. It may or may not actually appear in the new drug substance. [ICH-Q3A]
potential impurity role
specified impurity
An impurity that is individually listed and limited with aspecific acceptance criterion in the new drug substance specification. A specified impurity can be either identified or unidentified. [ICH-Q3A]
specified impurity role
unidentified impurity
An impurity for which a structural characterization has not been achieved and that is defined solely by qualitative analytical properties (e.g., chromatographic retention time). [ICH-Q3A]
unidentified impurity role
unspecified impurity
An impurity role that is limited by a general acceptance criterion, but not individually listed with its own specific acceptance criterion, in the new drug substance specification. [ICH-Q3A]
unspecified impurity role
identified degradation product
A degradation product role for which a structural characterization has been achieved. [ICH-Q3A]
identified degradation product role
specified degradation product
A degradation product role that is individually listed and limited with a specific acceptance criterion in the new drug product specification. A specified degradation product can be either identified or unidentified. [ICH-Q3A]
specified degradation product role
true
internal standard
surrogate internal standard
Internal standard role is the analysis role of a chemical substance that is added in a constant amount to samples, the blank and calibration standards in a chemical analysis. [Wikipedia]
internal standard role
An approving role is a role that is realized in some approving process. [Allotrope]
approving role
A signing role is a role that is realized in some signing activity. [Allotrope]
signing role
The signed object is the bearer of the information content entity that is signed. [Allotrope]
The paper where the signature was written on.
signed object
A signing contextual role is a contextual role of information content entities that are participants in a signing process. [Allotrope]
signing contextual role
signature
A signature role is the role of an information object that is associated with some information and provides a proof of identity and intent of the signer. [Allotrope]
signature role
signed content
Signed content role is the signing contextual role of the information content entity that is being signed. [Allotrope]
A contract signed.
An approval signed.
The signed content role is the role of the information. The physical bearer of that information has the role of a signed object.
signed content role
A submitter role is the role of a material entity that plays the sender of the submitted entity in a submitting process. [Allotrope]
submitter
summary datum
An aggregated datum is the role of an information object that is about aggregated or summary information on the aggregate, such as statistics, count or sums of member data. [Allotrope]
aggregated datum
product
product (mathematics)
The product is the contextual role of numerical data that results from the multiplication of two or more numbers, amounts, or items. [Allotrope]
product (math)
aggregated feature role
The aggregated feature is the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of the members of the aggregate that is common to each member and is used to make aggregated data about the aggregate. [Allotrope]
the diameter quality is the aggregated feature in the 'average living cell diameter' result datum of a cell counter result
If the members of the aggregates are proxies for other information objects, then the aggregated feature is a feature of the information objects the proxies point to.
aggregated feature
software agent
A software agent is the contextual role of software in the context of a process where a system executes that software and causally is an agent in the process. [Allotrope]
software agent role
agent
agent role
Agentive role is a general role of a material entity or software that influences the behavior of a process in an active way. If a material entity it is an agent role, if its is a software that is executed by a computer system, it is a software agent role. [Allotrope]
general agent role
A submission role is a role that is realized in a submitting process. [Allotrope]
submission role
A metadata role is a contextual role of an information content entity that is not a parameter or result of a process but describes the context of the process. [Allotrope]
metadata role
destination
destination site
Destination role is the transferring role of a site of the transferred object at the end of the transferring process. [Allotrope]
destination role
origin
origin site
Origin role is the transferring role of a site of the transferred object at the start of the transferring process. [Allotrope]
origin role
Transferred object is the role of a material that is being transferred from the sender to the receiver. [Allotrope]
transferred object
received object
Sent object is the role of a transferred object at the start of the transferring process. [Allotrope]
received object role
sent object
Sent object is the role of a transferred object at the start of the transferring process. [Allotrope]
sent object role
A predecessor role is an ordering role that applies if the information object or the entity it is about is before another one in a sequence. [Allotrope]
predecessor role
A successor role is an ordering role that applies if the information object or the entity it is about is after another one in a sequence. [Allotrope]
successor role
A triggered event is a contextual role of an event specification that when realized is the cause of a trigger. [Allotrope]
triggering event
A triggered event is a contextual role of an event specification that when realized is the consequence of a trigger. [Allotrope]
triggered event
A direction role is a contextual role of some information content entity indicating a direction in a relation. [Allotrope]
direction role
destination
destination role
target
target role
to
A to role is a direction role indicating that something is going into an target direction. [Allotrope]
This is an abstraction of direction, for spatio-temporal role use af-rl:destination datum. [Allotrope]
to role
from
origin
origin role
source
source role
A from role is a direction role indicating that something is coming from a source. [Allotrope]
This is an abstraction of direction, for spatio-temporal role use af-rl:origin datum. [Allotrope]
A specification of a material that is a material output of a process has the contextual role of from role in the material flow specification. [Allotrope]
from role
defining role
definition role
Defining purpose is the contextual role of some information that has the purpose to define an entity. [Allotrope]
defining purpose
An ordering role is a contextual role of an information content entity in the scope of some sequence. [Allotrope]
ordering role
A workflow role is a contextual role of a part of a procedure specification. [Allotrope]
workflow role
An default transition is a successor role in the scope of an exclusive gateway that specifies the succeeding activity if no guard conditions on the gateway are met. [Allotrope]
default transition
true
An expected datum is a descriptive datum that describes a information that was predicted or assumed to be the outcome of some process . [Allotrope]
expected datum
sequential role
A workflow role of a single step in a sequentially executed procedure. [Allotrope]
A single data acquisition of a data acquisition profile.
sequential
loop
recurring
A single step that can be repeated multiple times during a procedure. [Allotrope]
A single data acquisition that is repeated multiple times with the same settings during a data acquisition profile.
repeatable
calibrated result
A calibrated datum is the contextual role of a datum that is the output of some process that applies a calibration function to a measured datum. [Allotrope]
calibrated datum
parameter
parameter (mathematics)
A parameter is the contextual role of a datum that is not explicitly varied in a mathematical function or during data processing. [Allotrope]
parameter (math)
oxidant
oxidizer
oxidizer role
oxidizing agent
An oxidant role is a chemical reactant role whereby the substance removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. [Allotrope]
oxidant role
fuel
A fuel role is a chemical reactant role whereby an energy-rich substance is transformed with release of usable energy. [Allotrope]
fuel role
make-up
A make-up role is a the additive role of a fluid to adjust total flow rate into a device in order to maximize its efficiency. [Allotrope]
make-up role
coating role
A coating process role is a role of a material that participates in a coating activity or the state of being coated. [Allotrope]
coating process role
capillary inner coating
A capillary inner coating role is a coating role of a material that is a coating within a chromatography column. [Allotrope]
capillary inner coating role
endcapping
An endcapping role is a supporting material role with the purpose of preventing chromatographic analytes from interacting with the substrate of the stationary phase. [Allotrope]
endcapping role
stored object
A stored object is the storage role of an material entity that is being stored in a storage medium. [Allotrope]
stored object role
calibrated instrument
unit under test
unit under test role
A calibrated instrument role is the role of a measurement device that is the target of a calibration. [Allotrope]
calibrated instrument role
Diluted material is the dilution role of a material that is being diluted in the dilution process. [Allotrope]
diluted material role
calibration item
The calibration item role is the role of a material that is used in calibration for testing a measurement device. [Allotrope]
calibration item role
true
A mass spectrometry role is a role that is realized in mass spectrometry. [Allotrope]
mass spectrometry role
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
product
product ion
Ion formed as the product of a reaction involving a particular precursor ion. [IUPAC]
product ion role
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
precursor
precursor ion
precursor role
progenitor
progenitor ion
progenitor ion role
Precursor ion role is a role in mass spectrometry inhered in an ion that reacts to form particular product ions or undergoes specified neutral losses. The reaction can be of different types including unimolecular dissociation, ion/molecule reaction, change in charge state, possibly preceded by isomerization. [IUPAC]
precursor ion role
true
An ion role is a role inhered in an ion. [Allotrope]
ion role
qualifier transition
A qualifier transition is the contextual role of an ion transition which when compared to the quantifier transition is used to determine the validity of the result. [Allotrope]
qualifier transition role
quantifier transition
A quantifier transition is the contextual of an ion transition, that is used to calculate the measured result. [Allotrope]
quantifier transition role
qualified transition
Qualified transition role is the contextual role of an ion transition that asserts that the transition meets some qualification requirements. [Allotrope]
qualified transition role
lower operating limit
An operating minimum is the contextual role of a description or specification of a lower bound of quality of a system or environment during the operation of the system. [Allotrope]
operating minimum
A changing role is a role realized in some cooling process. [Allotrope]
cooling role
coolant
cooling medium
heat transfer fluid
A role of a material that acts as a heat sink as it undergoes a phase change. [Allotrope]
coolant role
sample
sample (preparation)
sample role
A sample role (preparation) is a role of a material that is prepared for a bearing the sample role in an experiment. [Allotrope]
sample role (preparation)
nebulizer support
nebulizing support
nebulizing support role
Nebulizer support role is a support role in converting liquid into aerosol mist. [Allotrope]
nebulizer support role
drying additive
A drying additive role is the role of a material in a drying process that supports the drying process. [Allotrope]
drying additive role
A drying role role is a role realized in some drying process. [Allotrope]
drying role
drying agent
drying agent role
drying medium
A drying medium role is a drying role of a material that takes or transports the solvent from the material being dried. [Allotrope]
drying medium role
dried material
dried material role
material dried
Material dried role is the drying role of the material being dried. [Allotrope]
material dried role
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
chemical ionization reagent gas
reagent role
Reagent role is the role of a gas that reacts with ions to produce product ions through ion/molecule reactions; for example, a gas such as methane, ammonia, or isobutane used in chemical ionization to create reagent ions or a gas used in ion traps or collision cells to perform gas-phase ion/molecule reactions. [IUPAC]
reagent role (ms)
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
adduct
adduct ion
adduct role
Adduct ion role is the role of an ion formed by the interaction of a precursor ion with one or more atoms or molecules to form an ion containing all the constituent atoms of the precursor ion as well as the additional atoms from the associated atoms or molecules. [IUPAC]
For example, a Na+ adduct of a molecule (M) that is represented as [M + Na]+.
adduct ion role
K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
fragment
fragment ion
A fragment ion role is a product ion role of an ion that results from the dissociation of a precursor ion. [IUPAC]
fragment ion role
default
default condition
default role
fallback
fallback condition
fallback condition role
fallback role
A default condition role is the condition role of an item in a collection of information content entities that applies (is true) if no other items apply (are false). [Allotrope]
default condition role
default
fallback
fallback role
A default role is a directive purpose that assigns a specification to be applied to a context if no other specification is asserted in that context. [Allotrope]
default role
repeated action
repetition role
A repeated action role is a contextual role of an action specification that specifies the repeated action in a repeated action specification. [Allotrope]
repeated action role
reference pan
A reference pan role is the role of the measurement pan realized in a DSC measurement that is without sample content. [Allotrope]
reference pan role
sample pan
A sample pan role is the role of the measurement pan realized in a DSC measurement that contains the sample. [Allotrope]
sample pan role
true
DSC role
A differential calorimetry role is a role of a material entity realized in a differential scanning calorimetry process. [Allotrope]
differential scanning calorimetry role
standard deviation
Standard deviation role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. [Wikipedia]
standard deviation role
A dynamic vapor sorption role is a role that is realized in some dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope]
dynamic vapor sorption role
exhaust gas
exhaust gas role
An exhaust gas role is the role of the waste gas exhausted from the system in the dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope]
exhaust gas role (DVS)
dry gas
dry gas role
A dry gas role is the role of the gas devoid of the vapor in the dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope]
dry gas role (DVS)
saturated gas
saturated gas role
A saturated gas role is the role of the gas saturated with the vapor in a dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope]
saturated gas role (DVS)
inlet gas
inlet gas role
An inlet gas role is the role of the gas led into the system in the dynamic vapor sorption process. [Allotrope]
inlet gas role (DVS)
true
reaction mixture
A reaction mixture role is a role of a chemical mixture undergoing some chemical reaction. [Allotrope]
reaction mixture role
quantitative polymerase chain reaction role
A qPCR role is a role of a material used in a qPCR experiment. [Allotrope]
qPCR role
reporter dye
Reporter dye role is the role of a dye in a qPCR experiment that binds to target DNA molecules and is detected via fluorescence when it is cleaved free. The fluorescence signal is proportional to DNA concentration. [Allotrope]
reporter dye role
passive reference dye
Passive reference dye role of a dye in a qPCR experiment to provide a baseline for normalization of the fluorescence signal. [Allotrope]
passive reference dye role
quencher dye
Quencher dye role is the role of a dye in a qPCR experiment that acts to suppress the fluorescence of a reporter dye in proximity. [Allotrope]
quencher dye role
coefficient of variation
Relative standard deviation role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution. [Wikipedia]
relative standard deviation role
A purge gas role is a cleaning agent role of a gas used to remove or replace an existing gas. [Allotrope]
purge gas role
true
product role
A product role (economic) is a general role of some continuant that is produced for the purpose of sale. [Allotrope]
product role (economic)
true
data product
information product
An information product role is a contextual role of some information content entity that is produced for the purpose of sale. [Allotrope]
information product role
material product
material product role
physical product
A physical product role is a role of some artifact that is produced for the purpose of sale. [Allotrope]
physical product role
true
applicate
2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
The z-coordinate role is the Cartesian coordinate in the third dimension of a 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope]
z-coordinate role
site
2019-09-04 Added restriction. [Allotrope]
2019-09-04 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
A site (organization) is a site where organizational entities are located such as an office or premise. [Allotrope]
site (organization)
An office or other premise at which the organization is located. Many organizations are spread across multiple sites and many sites will host multiple locations. [W3C ORG]
bench
A bench (site) is site in a workspace or laboratory where work is being done. [Allotrope]
bench (site)
building
building site
A building (site) is a site located in a structure with a roof and walls. [Allotrope]
building (site)
A room is a site that is a part or division of a building enclosed by walls, floor, and ceiling. [Allotrope]
room
free space
room
A space is a site that can be occupied or where something can be done. [Allotrope]
space
Space is especially viewed in terms of whether there is enough. [Allotrope]
A campus is a site that is the grounds of a school, hospital, or other institution. [Allotrope]
campus
section
2020-12-01 Moved to AFO. [Allotrope]
A section is a site that is a more or less distinct part of a site into which the site is divided. [Allotrope]
section (site)
hole
A well is a site that is a cavity in a surface open at the top. [Allotrope]
well
Absorbance Unit
absorbance unit
Activity Content Unit
activity content unit
Electrical Conductivity Unit
electrical conductivity unit
Electrical Resistivity Unit
electrical resistivity unit
Enzymatic Activity Unit
enzymatic activity unit
Gain Unit
gain unit
Infectivity Unit
infectivity unit
Mass per Amount of Substance Unit
mass per amount of substance unit
Number Density Unit
number density unit
Number per Time Unit
number per time unit
Number times Time Unit
number times time unit
Osmolality unit
Osmolality unit
Quantity Times Time Unit
Quantity Times Time Unit
Ratio Unit
ratio unit
Refractive Index Unit
refractive index unit
Specific Surface Area Unit
specific surface area unit
Volume Concentration Unit
volume concentration unit
entity
Entity
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. [BFO]
entity
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
per discussion with Barry Smith
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
continuant
Continuant
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. [BFO]
continuant
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
occurrent
Occurrent
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
occurrent
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies a temporal region or occupies a spatiotemporal region. [BFO]
occurrent
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
per discussion with Barry Smith
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
ic
IndependentContinuant
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant if b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. [BFO]
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
s-region
SpatialRegion
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
spatial region
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of space R as defined relative to some frame R. [BFO]
spatial region
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
per discussion with Barry Smith
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
t-region
TemporalRegion
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
temporal region
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. [BFO]
temporal region
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
per discussion with Barry Smith
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
2d-s-region
TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion
an infinitely thin plane in space.
the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space
A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
(forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]
two-dimensional spatial region
2D spatial region
A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. [BFO]
two-dimensional spatial region
A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
(forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]
st-region
SpatiotemporalRegion
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis.
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself.
Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
(forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
(forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
(forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
spatiotemporal region
A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. [BFO]
spatiotemporal region
A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
(forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
(forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
(forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
process
Process
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
process
p is a process if p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p specifically depends on some material entity at t. [BFO]
process
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
disposition
Disposition
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
disposition
B is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity and b’s bearer is some material entity and b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, and b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, and this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. [BFO]
disposition
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
realizable
RealizableEntity
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
realizable entity
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type.´[BFO]
realizable entity
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
0d-s-region
ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion
A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]
zero-dimensional spatial region
0D spatial region
A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. [BFO]
zero-dimensional spatial region
A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]
quality
Quality
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
quality
A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. [BFO]
quality
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
sdc
SpecificallyDependentContinuant
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the role of being a doctor
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
specifically dependent continuant
b is a specifically dependent continuant if b is a continuant and there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b specifically depends on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. [BFO]
specifically dependent continuant
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
per discussion with Barry Smith
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
role
Role
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
role
B is a role means: b is a realizable entity and b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be and b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. [BFO]
role
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
fiat-object-part
FiatObjectPart
or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29
the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.
the Western hemisphere of the Earth
the division of the brain into regions
the division of the planet into hemispheres
the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body
the upper and lower lobes of the left lung
BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions
b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
fiat object part
B is a fiat object part if b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b is a proper continuant part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. [BFO]
fiat object part
b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
1d-s-region
OneDimensionalSpatialRegion
an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space.
A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]
one-dimensional spatial region
1D spatial region
A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. [BFO]
one-dimensional spatial region
A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]
object-aggregate
ObjectAggregate
a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
a symphony orchestra
an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
the aggregate of blood cells in your body
the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
the restaurants in Palo Alto
your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
object aggregate
B is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member parts at all times at which b exists. [BFO]
object aggregate
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
3d-s-region
ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion
a cube-shaped region of space
a sphere-shaped region of space,
A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
(forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
three-dimensional spatial region
3D spatial region
A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. [BFO]
three-dimensional spatial region
A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
(forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
site
Site
Manhattan Canyon)
a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
a rabbit hole
an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
the Grand Canyon
the Piazza San Marco
the cockpit of an aircraft
the hold of a ship
the interior of a kangaroo pouch
the interior of the trunk of your car
the interior of your bedroom
the interior of your office
the interior of your refrigerator
the lumen of your gut
your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
site
B is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. [BFO]
site
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
object
Object
atom
cell
cells and organisms
engineered artifacts
grain of sand
molecule
organelle
organism
planet
solid portions of matter
star
BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
object
B is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types causal unities and is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity.
To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t. [BFO]
object
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
gdc
GenericallyDependentContinuant
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
b is a generically dependent continuant if b is a continuant that generically depends on one or more other entities. [BFO]
generically dependent continuant
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
function
Function
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
function
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. [BFO]
function
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
p-boundary
ProcessBoundary
the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.
p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
process boundary
p is a process boundary if p is a temporal part of a process and p has no proper temporal parts. [BFO]
process boundary
p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
1d-t-region
OneDimensionalTemporalRegion
the temporal region during which a process occurs.
BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
one-dimensional temporal region
1D-temporal region
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. [BFO]
one-dimensional temporal region
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
material
MaterialEntity
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
material entity
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. [BFO]
material entity
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
cf-boundary
ContinuantFiatBoundary
b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions.
BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29
Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists
(iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]
continuant fiat boundary
B is a continuant fiat boundary if b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. [BFO]
continuant fiat boundary
b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
(iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]
immaterial
ImmaterialEntity
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
immaterial entity
1d-cf-boundary
OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
The Equator
all geopolitical boundaries
all lines of latitude and longitude
the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin.
the median sulcus of your tongue
a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
(iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]
one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
1D continuant fiat boundary
A one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. [BFO]
one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
(iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]
process-profile
ProcessProfile
On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
process profile
B is a process profile if there is some process c such that b is process profile of c. B is process profile of c holds when b is a proper occurrent part of c and there is some proper occurrent part d of c which has no parts in common with b and is mutually dependent on b and is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region. [BFO]
process profile
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
r-quality
RelationalQuality
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another.
b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
relational quality
B is a relational quality if for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b is quality of c at t and b is quality of d at t. [BFO]
a marriage bond [BFO]
an instance of love [BFO]
an obligation between one person and another [BFO]
relational quality
b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
2d-cf-boundary
TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])
(iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]
two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
2D continuant fiat boundary
A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. [BFO]
two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])
(iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]
0d-cf-boundary
ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
the geographic North Pole
the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system.
the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet
zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
(iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]
zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
0D continuant fiat boundary
A zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. [BFO]
zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
requested by Melanie Courtot
a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
(iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]
0d-t-region
ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion
a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
right now
the moment at which a child is born
the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
the moment of death.
temporal instant.
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
zero-dimensional temporal region
0D-temporal region
temporal instant
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. [BFO]
zero-dimensional temporal region
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
history
History
A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
history
A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. [BFO]
history
A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
A part of a multicellular organism that is a material with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a multicellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. [Allotrope, CARO]
material anatomical entity
water
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI]
water (molecule)
An elemental molecule consisting of two bivalently-bonded oxygen atoms. [Allotrope]
dioxygen (molecule)
An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI]
ammonia (molecule)
A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. [CHEBI]
methane (molecule)
A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. [CHEBI]
carbon dioxide (molecule)
nitrate
A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. [CHEBI]
nitrate ion
An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms. [CHEBI]
dinitrogen (molecule)
An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. [CHEBI]
dihydrogen (molecule)
PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. (Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 1142
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. [IUPAC]
molecular entity
PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. (Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 1143
A molecule is a polyatomic molecular entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. [Allotrope]
molecule
Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 93
PAC, 1996, 68, 2223. 'Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)' on page 2262
A photon is a particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hν and momentum hν/c (h is the Planck constant, ν the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. [IUPAC]
photon
A nucleon is either a proton or a neutron. [Wikipedia]
nucleon
An atom of the chemical element Helium. [Allotrope]
helium (atom)
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). [CHEBI]
lepton
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). [CHEBI]
baryon
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. [CHEBI]
fermion
A boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. [Wikipedia]
boson
A subatomic particle is a material that is below the scale of an atom. [Allotrope]
subatomic particle
true
A nuclear particle is a nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. [CHEBI]
nuclear particle
silver(1+)
An silver(1+) ion is a +1 charged silver cation. [Allotrope]
silver(1+) ion
An independent material continuant that is self-connected and retains its identity over time. [CHMO]
portion of material
The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. [ENVO]
air
An environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. [ENVO]
environmental material
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. [ENVO]
environmental system
true
goal specification
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. [IAO]
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
objective specification
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label [IAO]
datum label
true
Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. [IAO]
software
equipment model number
instrument model number
part number
2019-09-19 Add alt label part number. [Allotrope]
A model number is an information content entity specifically borne by catalogs, design specifications, advertising materials, inventory systems and similar that is about manufactured objects of the same class. The model number is an alternative term for the class. [IAO]
model number
true
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. [IAO]
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
symbol
information object
information content entity
dot plot
A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions. [IAO]
Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H.
dot plot
two-dimensional graph
A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. [IAO]
graph
true
A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. [IAO]
algorithm
A report is a document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. [IAO]
case report (not patient record)
grant progress report
journal article
patent application
report
true
A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. [IAO]
The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file [IAO]
data format specification
An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. [IAO]
image
A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name. [IAO]
version number
A serial number is an information content entity which is a unique sequence of characters borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging that is assigned to each individual in some class of products, and so can serve as a way to identify an individual product within the class. Serial numbers can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots. [IAO]
serial number
batch number
A lot number is an information content entity which is an identical sequence of character borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging for each instances of a product class in a discrete batch of an item. [IAO]
lot number
A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. [IAO]
a brain
a hard drive
a page of a paperback novel with writing on it.
material information bearer
A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
textual entity
true
A textual entity that describes a figure [IAO]
Figure 1: A system diagram describing the modules of the Hanalyzer. Reading methods (green) take external sources of knowledge (blue) and extract information from them, either by parsing structured data or biomedical language processing to extract information from unstructured data. Reading modules are responsible for tracking the provenance of all knowledge. Reasoning methods (yellow) enrich the knowledge that results from reading by, for example, noting two genes that are annotated to the same ontology term or database entry. All knowledge sources, read or reasoned, are assigned a reliability score, and all are combined using that score into a knowledge network (orange) that represents the integration of all sorts of relationship between a pair of genes and a combined reliability score. A data network (also orange) is created from experimental results to be analyzed. The reporting modules (pink) integrate the data and knowledge networks, producing visualizations that can be queried with the associated drill-down tool.
caption
A textual entity that contains a two-dimensional arrangement of texts repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, such that the spatial relationships among the constituent texts expresses propositions [IAO]
table
An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. [IAO]
Any picture, diagram or table
figure
A figure that expresses one or more propositions. [IAO]
A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space.
diagram
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole [IAO]
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
document
A textual entity that is used as directive to deliver something to a person, or organization. [IAO]
postal address
RFC 5322
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address
An email address identifies an email box to which email messages are delivered. [Wikipedia]
email address
A line graph is a type of graph created by connecting a series of data points together with a line. [IAO]
line graph
A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry. [IAO]
centrally registered identifier symbol
true
An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs. [IAO]
The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
centrally registered identifier
A CRID registry is a dataset of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the dataset through a assigning a centrally registered identifier process. [IAO]
PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a dataset of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles.
centrally registered identifier registry
A textual entity that denotes a particular in reality. [IAO]
written name
true
homo sapiens
human being
man
A member of the the species Homo sapiens. [Allotrope]
human
dosage form
dose form
drug dose form
pharmaceutical dose form
pharmaceutical formulation
The form in which active and/or inert ingredient(s) are physically presented. [NCI]
pharmaceutical dosage form
tab
tablet
tablet dose form
A table dosage form is a pharmaceutical dosage form that is a solid composed of a mixture of that active and/or inert ingredient(s) are pressed or compacted together, usually in the form of a relatively flat and round, square or oval shape. [NCI]
tablet dosage form
solid
solid dose form
A substance having definite shape and volume manufactured for the administration of active and/or inert ingredient(s). Solids include tablets, capsules, powders, granules and certain suppositories. [NCI]
solid dosage form
true
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. [IAO]
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
planned process
true
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. [OBI]
Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
processed material
reagent
A role inhering in a biological or chemical entity that is intended to be applied in a scientific technique to participate (or have molecular components that participate) in a chemical reaction that facilitates the generation of data about some entity distinct from the bearer, or the generation of some specified material output distinct from the bearer. [OBI]
reagent role
Material processing is a planned material process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. [OBI]
material processing
true
A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process. [OBI]
plan
Manufacturing is a producing with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. [OBI]
manufacturing
manufacturer
Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process. [OBI]
With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. [OBI]
With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role. [OBI]
With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. [OBI]
manufacturer role
true
A manufacturer is an organizational entity that has a manufacturer role. [Allotrope]
manufacturer
true
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. [OBI]
OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI [OBI]
subclasses should be imported from the NCBI taxonomy [Allotrope]
organism
Curve fitting is a data transformation that is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, possibly subject to constraints. [Wikipedia]
curve fitting
velocity
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. [PATO]
speed
PAC, 1984, 56, 231. (Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-Part VI: molecular luminescence spectroscopy)
PAC, 1994, 66, 2513. (Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994))
2021-06-21 Changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope]
Fluorescence is a luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC]
fluorescence (quality)
compositionality
content
structure
A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. [PATO]
calcium composition (which may inhere in bone)
haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood).
composition
true
Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
Concentration is a molecular quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. [PATO]
concentration (quality)
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced.
hardness (quality)
true
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. [PATO]
morphology
shape
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). [PATO]
shape (quality)
true
dimension
extend
size
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. [PATO]
size (quality)
true
length
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. [PATO]
length (quality)
true
mass
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2019-09-09 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. [PATO]
mass (quality)
position
Position is a spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. [PATO]
position (quality)
conformation
relational structural quality
2018-12-05 Generalized definition [Allotrope]
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an material entity's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. [PATO]
structure
temperature
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. [PATO]
temperature (quality)
viability
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. [PATO]
viability (quality)
A viability quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's ability to survive or the long term survival ability of a given population. [PATO]
viable
thickness
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. [PATO]
thickness (quality)
true
volume
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
volume (quality)
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). [PATO]
permeability
A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO]
porosity
porous
A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO]
fully porous
A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO]
non-porous
density
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size.
mass density
Power is a physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of doing work. [PATO]
power
power (quality)
pressure
2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
pressure (quality)
force amplitude
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. [PATO]
force
A concentration that is relatively high. [Allotrope]
concentrated
A concentration which is relatively low. [PATO]
diluted
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's power or force.
strength
wavelength
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A physical quality which is equal to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. [PATO]
2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic. electromagnetic or radiation. [Allotrope]
wavelength (quality)
true
EM radiation quality
A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. [PATO]
electromagnetic radiation quality
true
An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. [PATO]
optical quality
area
An area is a 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent. [PATO]
area (quality)
true
diameter
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. [PATO]
diameter (quality)
angular velocity
2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of the bearer's angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time. [PATO]
angular velocity (quality)
A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's condition before death. [PATO]
alive
A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. [PATO]
dead
flow rate
2019-09-20 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion through a surface per time. [Allotrope]
flow rate (quality)
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium. [PATO]
Examples could be heat or electricity or sound.
conductivity
depth
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimenision. [PATO]
depth (quality)
molar mass
A physical quality that inheres in a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 10^23 atoms or molecules. [PATO]
molar mass (quality)
true
1-D size
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. [PATO]
1-D extent
2-D size
A 2-D extend is a size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. [PATO]
2-D extent
true
3D size
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. [PATO]
3-D extent
PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
conductivity
conductivty (quality)
electrical conductivity
2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
2020-01-23 Moved under electical quality and changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope]
Electrical conductivity is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of resistivity. [IUPAC]
electrical conductivity (quality)
A viability quality inhering in a population by virtue of some of it's members' ability to survive. [PATO]
semi-viable
true
pH
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). [PATO]
pH (quality)
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. [PATO]
movement quality
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. [PATO]
organismal quality
osmolality
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. [PATO]
osmolality (quality)
Affinity is a molecular quality that arises from the molecular attraction exerted between two atoms or compounds. [PATO]
affinity
polarity
Polarity is a molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of whether or not the molecular entity has a separation of electric charge which leads to the molecule having an electric dipole. [PATO]
polarity (molecular quality)
charge
electric charge
Electric charge is a molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the overall electric charge of the molecule, which is due to a comparison between the total number of electrons and the total number of protons. [PATO]
electric charge (molecular quality)
neutral
Neutral charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing the same amount of electrons overall as protons, thus having an overall neutral charge. [PATO]
neutral charge
positive
Positive charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing more protons overall than electrons, thus having an overall positive charge. [PATO]
positive charge
negative
Negative charge is a quality which inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the molecular entity possessing more electrons overall than protons, thus having an overall negative charge. [PATO]
negative charge
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of the position. [PATO]
velocity
fluid flow rate
volume flow rate
volumetric flow rate
2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
A physical quality inhering in a fluid (liquid or gas) by virtue of the amount of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time. [PATO]
fluid flow rate (quality)
mass flow rate
2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
A flow rate quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the mass of substance which passes through a given surface per unit time. [PATO]
mass flow rate (quality)
radius
2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes from the center of a circle to any endpoint on the circular boundary. The radius is half of the diameter. [PATO]
radius (quality)
A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. [RO]
system
DataSet
data set
dataset
Represents a collection of observations, possibly organized into various slices, conforming to some common dimensional structure. [QB]
data cube
Absorbed Dose Rate Unit
absorbed dose rate unit
Absorbed Dose Unit
absorbed dose unit
Acceleration Unit
acceleration unit
Activity Unit
activity unit
Amount of Substance Temperature Unit
amount of substance temperature unit
Amount Of Substance Unit
amount of substance unit
All units relating to specification of angles.
Angle unit
angle unit
Angular Acceleration Unit
angular acceleration unit
The units of angular mass have dimensions of mass * area. They are used to measure the moment of inertia.
Angular Mass Unit
angular mass unit
Angular Momentum Unit
angular momentum unit
Angular Velocity Unit
angular velocity unit
Area Angle Unit
area angle unit
Area Temperature Unit
area temperature unit
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by:
* linear thermal expansion
* area thermal expansion
* volumetric thermal expansion
These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications.
Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients.
For exactly isotropic materials, the area thermal expansion coefficient is very closely approximated as twice the linear coefficient.
Area Thermal Expansion Unit
area thermal expansion unit
Area Time Temperature Unit
area time temperature unit
Area Unit
area unit
The electric charge of an ion, equal to the number of electrons the atom has gained or lost in its ionization multiplied by the charge on one electron. This class contains the following instance(s): "atomic number".
Atomic Charge Unit
atomic charge unit
Atomic Mass Unit
atomic mass unit
Atomic Physics Unit
atomic physics unit
Bending Moment Or Torque Unit
bending moment or torque unit
Binary Prefix Unit
binary prefix unit
Biomedical Unit
biomedical unit
Capacitance Unit
capacitance unit
Catalytic Activity Unit
catalytic activity unit
Chemistry Unit
chemistry unit
Coefficient Of Heat Transfer Unit
coefficient of heat transfer unit
Communications Unit
communications unit
Computing Unit
computing unit
Concentration Unit
concentration unit
Conductance Unit
conductance unit
Constant Value
constant value
Continuum Mechanics Quantity Kind
continuum mechanics quantity kind
All units about counts. Examples are Atomic Number, Number, Number per Year, Percent and Sample per Second.
Counting Unit
counting unit
1
Currency Unit
currency unit
Current Per Angle Unit
current per angle unit
The canonicall example of extrinsic curvature is that of a circle, which has curvature equal to the inverse of its radius everywhere. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. The curvature of a smooth curve is defined as the curvature of its osculating circle at each point. The osculating circle of a sufficiently smooth plane curve at a given point on the curve is the circle whose center lies on the inner normal line and whose curvature is the same as that of the given curve at that point. This circle is tangent to the curve at the given point.
That is, given a point P on a smooth curve C, the curvature of C at P is defined to be 1/R where R is the radius of the osculating circle of C at P. The magnitude of curvature at points on physical curves can be measured in diopters (also spelled dioptre) — this is the convention in optics. [Wikipedia]
Curvature Unit
curvature unit
Data Rate Unit
data rate unit
Decimal Prefix Unit
decimal prefix unit
A dimension is a relationship between a quantity system, a quantity kind of that system, and one or more dimension vectors. There is one dimension vector for each of the system's base quantity kinds. The vector's magnitude determines the exponent of the base dimension for the referenced quantity kind.
Dimension
A dimension is a relationship between a quantity system, a quantity kind of that system, and one or more dimension vectors. There is one dimension vector for each of the system's base quantity kinds. The vector's magnitude determines the exponent of the base dimension for the referenced quantity kind.
dimension
1
1
A dimension vector is an association between a quantity kind and a rational number. The quantity kind serves as the basis vector in an abstract vector space, and the rational number is the vector magnitude. The abstract vector space is determined by the chosen set of base quantity kinds for a quantity system.
Dimension Vector
A dimension vector is an association between a quantity kind and a rational number. The quantity kind serves as the basis vector in an abstract vector space, and the rational number is the vector magnitude. The abstract vector space is determined by the chosen set of base quantity kinds for a quantity system.
dimension vector
A Dimensionless Unit is a quantity for which all the exponents of the factors corresponding to the base quantities in its quantity dimension are zero.
Dimensionless Unit
dimensionless unit
Dose Equivalent Unit
dose equivalent unit
Dynamic Viscosity Unit
dynamic viscosity unit
Electric Charge Area Density Unit
electric charge area density unit
The linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge in a line, surface, or volume. It is measured in coulombs per metre (C/m), square metre (C/m^2), or cubic metre (C/m^3), respectively. Since there are positive as well as negative charges, the charge density can take on negative values. [Wikipedia]
Electric Charge Density Unit
electric charge density unit
The linear charge density is the amount of electric charge in a line. It is measured in coulombs per metre (C/m). Since there are positive as well as negative charges, the charge density can take on negative values. [Wikipedia]
Electric Charge Line Density Unit
electric charge line density unit
Electric Charge Per Amount Of Substance Unit
electric charge per amount of substance unit
Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The interaction between a moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental forces.
Electric Charge Unit
electric charge unit
The volume charge density is the amount of electric charge in a volume. It is measured in coulombs per cubic metre (C/m^3). Since there are positive as well as negative charges, the charge density can take on negative values. [Wikipedia]
Electric Charge Volume Density Unit
electric charge volume density unit
Electric current density is a measure of the density of flow of a conserved charge. Usually the charge is the electric charge, in which case the associated current density is the electric current per unit area of cross section, but the term current density can also be applied to other conserved quantities. It is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the current per cross-sectional area. [Wikipedia]
In SI units, the electric current density is measured in amperes per square metre. This class contains the following instance(s): "Ampere per square meter".
Electric Current Density Unit
electric current density unit
Electric current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The SI unit of electric current is the ampere, and electric current is measured using an ammeter. This class contains the following instance(s): "Abampere", "Ampere", "Biot", "Statampere".
Electric Current Unit
electric current unit
The electric dipole moment (or electric dipole for short) is a measure of the polarity of a system of electric charges. [Wikipedia]
This class has the following instance(s): "Coulomb meter", "Debye".
Electric Dipole Moment Unit
electric dipole moment unit
The strength of the electric field at a given point is defined as the force that would be exerted on a positive test charge of +1 coulomb placed at that point; the direction of the field is given by the direction of that force. Electric fields contain electrical energy with energy density proportional to the square of the field intensity. The electric field is to charge as gravitational acceleration is to mass and force density is to volume.
Electric Field Strength Unit
electric field strength unit
Electric Flux Density Unit
electric flux density unit
Electric Flux Unit
electric flux unit
The class of units used to measure the properties of electricity and magnetism.
Electricity And Magnetism Unit
electricity and magnetism unit
Electrochemistry Unit
electrochemistry unit
Energy And Work Per Mass Amount Of Substance Unit
energy and work per mass amount of substance unit
Energy And Work Unit
energy and work unit
Units that measure energy density, i.e. energy per unit volume.
Energy Density Unit
energy density unit
Units that quantify energy per unit area.
Energy Per Area Unit
energy per area unit
The ratio of energy to electric charge arises repeatedly in electrodynamics. It is the dimensional equivalent to the electrostatic potential and electromotive force. In both cases, the SI unit is the volt, or newton meters per coulomb.
Energy per Electric Charge Unit
energy per electric charge unit
enumerated value
Event Unit
event unit
Exposure Unit
exposure unit
This class contains units that measure financial quantities, such as currency, transactions, rates of return, etc.
Financial Unit
financial unit
Fluid Dynamics Quantity Kind
fluid dynamics quantity kind
Force Per Electric Charge Unit
force per electric charge unit
Force Per Length Unit
force per length unit
Force Unit
force unit
Frequency Unit
frequency unit
Gravitational Attraction Unit
gravitational attraction unit
Heart Rate Unit
heart rate unit
Heat Capacity And Entropy Unit
heat capacity and entropy unit
Heat Flow Rate Unit
heat flow rate unit
units for measuring human resources
Human Unit
human unit
Illuminance Unit
illuminance unit
Inductance Unit
inductance unit
Information Entropy Unit
information entropy unit
Inverse Amount Of Substance Unit
inverse amount of substance unit
Kinematic Viscosity Unit
kinematic viscosity unit
Length Temperature Time Unit
length temperature time unit
Length Temperature Unit
length temperature unit
Length Unit
length unit
Linear Acceleration Unit
linear acceleration unit
Linear Energy Transfer Unit
linear energy transfer unit
Linear Momentum Unit
linear momentum unit
Linear Thermal Expansion Unit
linear thermal expansion unit
Linear Velocity units measure change of length per unit time. Examples include meters per second, miles per hour, knots, etc.
Linear Velocity Unit
linear velocity unit
Logarithmic units are abstract mathematical units that can be used to express any quantities (physical or mathematical) that are defined on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function. Examples of logarithmic units include common units of information and entropy, such as the bit, and the byte, as well as units of relative signal strength magnitude such as the decibel.
Logarithmic Unit
logarithmic unit
Luminance Unit
luminance unit
Luminous Efficacy Unit
luminous efficacy unit
Luminous Energy Unit
luminous energy unit
Luminous Flux Unit
luminous flux unit
Luminous Intensity Unit
luminous intensity unit
Magnetic Field Strength Unit
magnetic field strength unit
Magnetic Flux Density Unit
magnetic flux density unit
Magnetic Flux Unit
magnetic flux unit
Magnetomotive Force Unit
magnetomotive force unit
Mass Amount Of Substance Temperature Unit
mass amount of substance temperature unit
Mass Amount Of Substance Unit
mass amount of substance unit
Mass Per Area Unit
mass per area anit
Mass Per Length Unit
mass per length unit
Mass Per Time Unit
mass per time unit
Mass Per Volume Unit
mass per volume unit
Mass Temperature Unit
mass temperature unit
Mass Unit
mass unit
Mechanics Unit
mechanics unit
Microbial Formation Unit
microbial formation unit
Molal Concentration Unit
molal concentration unit
Molar Concentration Unit
molar concentration unit
Molar Energy Unit
molar energy unit
Molar Heat Capacity Unit
molar heat capacity unit
Momentum Unit
momentum unit
Light Unit
light unit
Permeability Unit
permeability unit
Permittivity Unit
permittivity unit
Photometry Unit
photometry unit
A physical constant is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and constant in time. It can be contrasted with a mathematical constant, which is a fixed numerical value but does not directly involve any physical measurement. There are many physical constants in science, some of the most widely recognized being the speed of light in vacuum c, Newton's gravitational constant G, Planck's constant h, the electric permittivity of free space ε0, and the elementary charge e. Physical constants can take many dimensional forms, or may be dimensionless depending on the system of quantities and units used.
Physical Constant
physical constant
Physical Unit
physical unit
Plane Angle Unit
plane angle unit
Power Per Area Unit
power per area unit
Energy per Electric Charge Unit
energy per electric charge unit
Power Unit
power unit
Prefixes are either binary or decimal.
Prefix Unit
prefix unit
Pressure or Stress Rate
pressure or stress rate
Pressure Or Stress Unit
pressure or stress unit
Two quantities proportional if they vary in such a way that one of the quantities is a constant multiple of the other. The multiple is the constant of proportionality between the two quantities. Constants of proportionality may be dimensioned in some quantity systems and dimensionless in others. For example, in the SI system, the permittivity of a vacuum has the dimensions L^-3 M^-1 T^4 I^2 and is measured in Farads per Meter; in the CGS-EMU system it has dimensions L^-2T^2 and is measured in Abfarads per Centimeter; in the CGS-ESU system it is dimensionless.
Constants of proportionality are important in the definition of systems of natural units, where units are chosen in order to make certain constants of proportionality dimensionless and equal to 1.
Constant of Proportionality
constant of proportionality
1
A quantity is the measurement of an observable property of a particular object, event, or physical system. A quantity is always associated with the context of measurement (i.e. the thing measured, the measured value, the accuracy of measurement, etc.) whereas the underlying quantity kind is independent of any particular measurement. Thus, length is a quantity kind while the height of a rocket is a specific quantity of length; its magnitude that may be expressed in meters, feet, inches, etc. Examples of physical quantities include physical constants, such as the speed of light in a vacuum, Planck's constant, the electric permittivity of free space, and the fine structure constant. Or, as stated at Wikipedia, in the language of measurement, quantities are quantifiable aspects of the world, such as time, distance, velocity, mass, momentum, energy, and weight, and units are used to describe their measure. Many of these quantities are related to each other by various physical laws, and as a result the units of some of the quantities can be expressed as products (or ratios) of powers of other units (e.g., momentum is mass times velocity and velocity is measured in distance divided by time). These relationships are discussed in dimensional analysis. Those that cannot be so expressed can be regarded as "fundamental" in this sense.
Quantity
A quantity is the measurement of an observable property of a particular object, event, or physical system. A quantity is always associated with the context of measurement (i.e. the thing measured, the measured value, the accuracy of measurement, etc.) whereas the underlying quantity kind is independent of any particular measurement. Thus, length is a quantity kind while the height of a rocket is a specific quantity of length; its magnitude that may be expressed in meters, feet, inches, etc. Examples of physical quantities include physical constants, such as the speed of light in a vacuum, Planck's constant, the electric permittivity of free space, and the fine structure constant. Or, as stated at Wikipedia, in the language of measurement, quantities are quantifiable aspects of the world, such as time, distance, velocity, mass, momentum, energy, and weight, and units are used to describe their measure. Many of these quantities are related to each other by various physical laws, and as a result the units of some of the quantities can be expressed as products (or ratios) of powers of other units (e.g., momentum is mass times velocity and velocity is measured in distance divided by time). These relationships are discussed in dimensional analysis. Those that cannot be so expressed can be regarded as "fundamental" in this sense.
quantity
1
A Quantity Kind is an aspect common to mutually comparable quantities.
Quantity Kind
A Quantity Kind is an aspect common to mutually comparable quantities.
quantity kind
1
1
1
1
1
A quantity value expresses the numerical value of a quantity with respect to a chosen unit of measure. For example, the value of Planck's constant in Joule-Seconds (J s) is approximately 6.62606896E-34, whereas the value in Erg-Seconds (erg s) is approximately 6.62606896E-27.
Quantity Value
A quantity value expresses the numerical value of a quantity with respect to a chosen unit of measure. For example, the value of Planck's constant in Joule-Seconds (J s) is approximately 6.62606896E-34, whereas the value in Erg-Seconds (erg s) is approximately 6.62606896E-27.
quantity value
Quantum Mechanics Quantity Kind
quantum mechanics quantity kind
RF-Power Unit
RF power unit
Radiance Unit
radiance unit
Radiant Intensity Unit
radiant intensity unit
Radiology Unit
radiology unit
Radiometry Unit
radiometry unit
Rate Of Return Unit
rate of return unit
Resistance Unit
resistance unit
A Resource Unit is a unit for measuring the amount of various types of resources.
Resource Unit
A Resource Unit is a unit for measuring the amount of various types of resources.
resource unit
Respiratory Rate Unit
respiratory rate unit
SI Unit
SI unit
Science And Engineering Unit
science and engineering unit
Serum Or Plasma Level Unit
serum or plasma level unit
Signal relative to an underlying signal
Signal Detection Threshold Unit
signal detection threshold unit
Solid Angle Unit
solid angle unit
Solid Mechanics Quantity Kind
solid mechanics quantity kind
Space And Time Unit
space and time unit
Units which quantify specific energy, i.e. energy per unit mass.
Specific Energy Unit
specific energy unit
Specific Heat Capacity Unit
specific heat capacity unit
This class contains units of measure for specific heat capacity at a constant pressure.
Specific Heat Pressure Unit
specific heat pressure unit
This class contains units of measure for specific heat capacity at a constant volume.
Specific Heat Volume Unit
specific heat volume unit
In physics, natural units are physical units of measurement based only on universal physical constants. For example the elementary charge e is a natural unit of electric charge, or the speed of light c is a natural unit of speed. A purely natural system of units is defined in such a way that some set of selected universal physical constants are normalized to unity; that is, their numerical values in terms of these units become exactly 1. Examples are Planck Units and Atomic Units. Atomic units (au or a.u.) form a system of natural units which is especially convenient for atomic physics calculations. There are two different kinds of atomic units, which one might name Hartree atomic units[1] and Rydberg atomic units, which differ in the choice of the unit of mass and charge. Planck units are unique among systems of natural units, because they are not defined in terms of properties of any prototype, physical object, or even elementary particle. [Wikipeda]
System of Natural Units
system of natural units
1
A system of quantity kinds is a set of one or more quantity kinds together with a set of zero or more algebraic equations that define relationships between quantity kinds in the set. In the physical sciences, the equations relating quantity kinds are typically physical laws and definitional relations, and constants of proportionality. Examples include Newton’s First Law of Motion, Coulomb’s Law, and the definition of velocity as the instantaneous change in position.
In almost all cases, the system identifies a subset of base quantity kinds. The base set is chosen so that all other quantity kinds of interest can be derived from the base quantity kinds and the algebraic equations.
System of Quantity Kinds
A system of quantity kinds is a set of one or more quantity kinds together with a set of zero or more algebraic equations that define relationships between quantity kinds in the set. In the physical sciences, the equations relating quantity kinds are typically physical laws and definitional relations, and constants of proportionality. Examples include Newton’s First Law of Motion, Coulomb’s Law, and the definition of velocity as the instantaneous change in position.
In almost all cases, the system identifies a subset of base quantity kinds. The base set is chosen so that all other quantity kinds of interest can be derived from the base quantity kinds and the algebraic equations.
system of quantity kinds
1
A system of units is a set of units which are chosen as the reference scales for some set of quantity kinds together with the definitions of each unit. Units may be defined by experimental observation or by proportion to another unit not included in the system. If the unit system is explicitly associated with a quantity kind system, then the unit system must define at least one unit for each quantity kind.
System of Units
system of units
Temperature per Time Unit
temperature per time unit
Temperature Unit
temperature unit
Thermal Conductivity Unit
thermal conductivity unit
Thermal Diffusivity Unit
thermal diffusivity unit
Thermal Energy Length Unit
thermal energy length unit
Thermal Energy Unit
thermal energy unit
Thermal Expansion Unit
thermal expansion unit
Thermal Insulance Unit
thermal insulance unit
Thermal Resistance Unit
thermal resistance unit
Thermal Resistivity Unit
thermal resistivity unit
Thermodynamics units are units that provide reference scales for quantifying the conversion of energy into work, as well as heat and its relation to macroscopic variables such as temperature and pressure.
Thermodynamics Unit
thermodynamics unit
Thrust To Mass Ratio Unit
thrust to mass ratio unit
Time Area Unit
time area unit
Time Squared Unit
time squared unit
Units that measure time.
Time Unit
time unit
Turbidity Unit
turbidity unit
1
1
1
1
A unit of measure, or unit, is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of a physical quantity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n) and U, as Q = nU.
Unit
unit
A unit of measure, or unit, is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of a physical quantity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n) and U, as Q = nU.
unit of measure
Used With SI Unit
used with SI unit
Velocity Unit
velocity unit
Video Frame Rate Unit
video frame rate unit
Volume per Mass Unit
volume per mass unit
Volume per Time Squared Unit
volume per time squared unit
Volume Per Time Unit
volume per time unit
Volume Thermal Expansion Unit
volume thermal expansion unit
Volume Unit
volume unit
instant
interval
Allotrope Foundation
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Open PHACTS Foundation
Royal Society of Chemistry
quantum scale
Atomic scale refers to the distance between the nuclei of atoms in a material. This space is extremely large compared to the size of the atomic nucleus, and is related to the chemical bonds which bind atoms together. The spacing between atoms in most ordered solids is on the order of a few ångströms (a few tenths of a nanometer). [Wikipedia]
atomic scale is smaller than mesoscopic scale
atomic scale
The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible almost practically with the naked eye, without magnifying optical instruments. When applied to physical phenomena and bodies, the macroscopic scale describes things as a person can directly perceive them, without the aid of magnifying devices. This is in contrast to observations (microscopy) or theories (microphysics, statistical physics) of objects of geometric lengths smaller than perhaps some hundreds of micrometers. [Wikipedia]
macroscopic scale
Mesoscopic physics is a sub-discipline of condensed matter physics that deals with materials of an intermediate length. The scale of these materials can be described as being between the size of a quantity of atoms (such as a molecule) and of materials measuring micrometers. [Wikipedia]
mesoscopic is smaller than microscopic
mesoscopic scale
In physics, the microscopic scale is sometimes considered the scale between the macroscopic and the quantum realm. Microscopic units and measurements are used to classify and describe very small objects. One common microscopic length scale unit is the Micrometer (μm) - one millionth of 1 meter. [Wikipedia]
microscopic is smaller than macroscopic
microscopic scale
The subatomic scale is is the scale of the subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons, photons. [Wikipedia]
subatomic is smaller than atomic
subatomic scale
positive
positive
Positive polarity is the code that indicates a positive direction of polarity. [Allotrope]
positive polarity
negative
negative
Negative polarity is the code that indicates a negative direction of polarity. [Allotrope]
negative polarity
pass
Pass is the calibration assessment code, that indicates that the calibrated instrument measures within the specification of the calibration method. [Allotrope]
pass (calibration)
fail
Fail is the calibration assessment code, that indicates the calibrated instrument does not measure within the specification of the calibration method. [Allotrope]
fail (calibration)
indeterminate
Indeterminate is the calibration assessment code, that indicates it cannot be clearly stated whether the calibrated instrument does measure within the specification of the calibration method or not. [Allotrope]
indeterminate (calibration)
Hygroscopic is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the increase in mass as equal to or greater than 2% and less than 15%. [Allotrope]
hygroscopic
Slightly hygroscopic is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the increase in mass as equal to or greater than 0.2% and less than 2%. [Allotrope]
slightly hygroscopic
Non-hygroscopic is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the increase in mass as no greater than 0.2%. [Allotrope]
non-hygroscopic
Deliquescent is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the substance as sufficiently absorbant to form a liquid. [Allotrope]
deliquescent
Very hygroscopic is a hygroscopicity type that denotes the increase in mass as equal to or greater than 15%. [Allotrope]
very hygroscopic
Invalid is a data validity code that classifies the data that does not meet the requirements of some qualification. [Allotrope]
invalid
Invalid is a data validity code that classifies the data that does meet the requirements of some qualification. [Allotrope]
valid
bottom
Bottom indicates the lowest vertical position. [Allotrope]
bottom
top
top position
Top indicates the highest vertical position. [Allotrope]
top
below
Below indicates a vertical position that is lower than another. [Allotrope]
below position
below
above
Above indicates a vertical position that is higher than another. [Allotrope]
above position
above
In chemistry, absorbance or decadic absorbance is the common logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material, and spectral absorbance or spectral decadic absorbance is the common logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted spectral radiant power through a material.
A
Absorbance
absorbance
In chemistry, absorbance or decadic absorbance is the common logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material, and spectral absorbance or spectral decadic absorbance is the common logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted spectral radiant power through a material.
absorbance (quantity kind)
A/M
Activity Content
activity content
activity content (quantity kind)
Count is the number of countable, specified objects.
Count
count
Count is the number of countable, specified objects.
count (quantity kind)
Electrical conductivity is an intrinsic property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.
ρ
Electrical Resistivity
electrical resistivity
Electrical conductivity is an intrinsic property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.
electrical resistivity (quantity kind)
Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity, and measures a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
σ
Electrical Conductivity
electrical conductivity
Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity, and measures a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
electrical conductivity (quantity kind)
Enzyme activity is a measure of the quantity of active enzyme present and is thus dependent on conditions, which should be specified.
Enzymatic Activity
enzymatic activity
Enzyme activity is a measure of the quantity of active enzyme present and is thus dependent on conditions, which should be specified.
enzymatic activity (quantity kind)
Gain is the ratio of output signal strength to input voltage. [Allotrope]
Gain per Voltage
gain
gain per voltage
2021-07-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
Gain is the ratio of output signal strength to input voltage. [Allotrope]
gain per voltage (quantity kind)
Infectivity
infectivity
infectivity (quantity kind)
C
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_density
Number Concentration
number concentration
number concentration (quantity kind)
Number per time is the number of specified objects per unit time.
n/t
Number per Time
number per time
Number per time is the number of specified objects per unit time. [Allotrope]
number per time (quantity kind)
Number times time is the number of specified objects times unit time
n.t
Number times Time
number times time
Number times time is the number of specified objects times unit time. [Allotrope]
number times time (quantity kind)
Quantity times time is a kind of quantity multiplied by a factor of unit time.
x.t
Quantity times Time
quantity times time
quantity times time (quantity kind)
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.
n
Refractive Index
refractive index
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.
refractive index (quantity kind)
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area of a material per unit of mass.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_surface_area
Specific Surface Area
specific surface area
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area of a material per unit of mass.
specific surface area (quantity kind)
[AU]
[AU]
AU
AU
1.0
0.0
AU
Absorbance Unit
[AU].S
[AU].s
AU⋅s
AU.sec
1.0
0.0
AU.s
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Absorbance Unit times Second
[ARB'U]
[arb'U]
arb'U
arb'U
1.0
0.0
arb'U
Arbitrary Unit
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes, changed symbol. [Allotrope]
Arbitrary Unit
[arb'U]/V
[arb'U]/V
arb'U/V
arb'U/V
1.0
0.0
arb'U/V
Arbitrary Unit per Volt
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes, changed symbol. [Allotrope]
Arbitrary Unit per Volt
[LB_AV]
[lb_av]
lb<sub>av</sub>
lb av
0.45359237
0.0
The mass unit of avoirdupois pound (1 lbav = 0,45359237 kg). [ISO 11240]
lb_av
Avoirdupois Pound
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes, changed symbol [Allotrope]
Avoirdupois Pound
BQ/G
Bq/g
Bq/g
Bq/g
1000.0
0.0
This is an SI-derived unit for the quantity of activity content. It is expressed algebraically in terms of other SI units. [ISO 11240]
Bq/g
Becquerel per Gram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Becquerel per Gram
10^9.[CFU]
10^9.[CFU]
10<sup>9</sup> CFU
10^9 CFU
1.0E9
0.0
CFU is an arbitrary unit which is used to count the number of colonies formed by viable microorganisms. It is related to a specific bioassay test method. Note that the number expression “billion�? is replaced by the unambiguous power of 10. The meaning of “billion�? differs between countries. 10^9 “Billion�? is replaced by a power of 10. The notion of “what is counted�? is not a part of the unit, but belongs to the method definition (“count of organisms�? in this case). [ISO 11240]
10^9.CFU
Billion Colony Forming Units
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Billion Colony Forming Units
[CCID_50]/ML
[CCID_50]/mL
CCID<sub>50</sub>/mL
CCID50/ml
1000.0
0.0
The unit CCID50 per milliliter expresses the result of quantifying an infectious agent in a cell culture. It is a titre, expressing the highest dilution of the specimen which produces a cytopathic effect in 50 % of the cell cultures or wells inoculated. [ISO 11240]
CCID50/ml
CCID50 per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
CCID50 per Milliliter
CAL/(G.S)
Cal/(g.s)
cal/(g⋅s)
cal/(g.s)
4184.0
0.0
normalized heat flow rate, normalized by mass in gram
cal/(g.s)
Calorie per Gram Second
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Calorie per Gram Second
CAL/S
Cal/s
cal/s
cal/s
4.184
0.0
heat flow rate, used for quantifying differential power
cal/s
Calorie per Second
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Calorie per Second
{CELL}
{cell}
cell
1.0
0.0
number of cells
cell
Cell(s)
Cell(s)
{COUNTS}/ML
{Counts}/mL
Counts/mL
Counts/mL
1000.0
1.0
Counts/mL
Counts per Milliliter
Counts per Milliliter
{COUNTS}.S
{Counts}.s
Counts⋅s
Counts.s
1.0
1.0
Counts.s
Counts times Second
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Counts times Second
CM3/G {STP}
g/cm3 {STP}
cm<sup>3</sup>/g {STP}
1.0E-6
0.0
cm^3/g STP
Cubic Centimeter per Gram at STP
Cubic Centimeter per Gram at STP
CM3/MIN
cm3/min
cm<sup>3</sup>/min
cm^3/min
1.66666667E-8
0.0
cm^3/min
Cubic Centimeter Meter per Minute
Cubic Centimeter Meter per Minute
(°.ML)/(G.DM)
(°.mL)/(g.dm)
(°.mL)/(g.dm)
deg·mL·g−1·dm−1
1.74532925E-4
0.0
deg·mL·g−1·dm−1
Degree times Milliliter per Gram Times Decimeter
Degree times Milliliter per Gram Times Decimeter
[DRP]
[drp]
drp
drp
8.33333333333333E-8
0.0
A drop is a variable amount of fluid and depends on the device and technique used to produce the drop and on the physical properties of the fluid. This is similar to units like cup, tablespoon and teaspoon that depend on the spoon or cup and are not exact either. However, in clinical medicine, medication is dispensed by drops and, unlike a “tablet�?, a drop refers to a real physical kind-ofquantity, volume, though not very exact (1 drp = 1 ml/12). [ISO 11240]
drp
Drop
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes, changed symbol. [Allotrope]
Drop
[E]
[e]
e
1.60217662E-19
0.0
"Elementary Charge", usually denoted as e, is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negation (opposite) of the electric charge carried by a single electron. This elementary charge is a fundamental physical constant. To avoid confusion over its sign, e is sometimes called the elementary positive charge. This charge has a measured value of approximately 1.60217662 × 10-19 coulombs.
e
Elementary Charge
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Elementary Charge
[U]
[U]
U
U
1.666666667E-8
0.0
The enzyme unit (U) is a unit for the amount of a particular enzyme 1 U = µmol/min = 1/60 nkat
U
Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB) (1979). "Units of Enzyme Activity". Eur. J. Biochem. 97 (2): 319–20
Enzyme Unit
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Enzyme Unit
FG
fg
fg
fg
1.0E-18
0.0
fg
Femtogram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram
FG/FL
fg/fL
fg/fL
fg/fL
0.001
0.0
fg/fL
Femtogram per Femtoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram per Femtoliter
FG/L
fg/L
fg/L
fg/L
1.0E-15
0.0
fg/L
Femtogram per Liter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram per Liter
FG/UL
fg/uL
fg/μL
fg/μL
1.0000000000000002E-12
0.0
fg/μL
Femtogram per Microliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram per Microliter
FG/mL
fg/mL
fg/mL
fg/mL
1.0E-15
0.0
fg/mL
Femtogram per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram per Milliliter
FG/NL
fg/nL
fg/nL
fg/nL
1.0E-9
0.0
fg/nL
Femtogram per Nanoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram per Nanoliter
FG/PL
fg/pL
fg/pL
fg/pL
1.0000000000000002E-6
0.0
fg/pL
Femtogram per Picoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram per Picoliter
FG/CM2
fg/cm2
fg/cm<sup>2</sup>
fg/cm^2
1.0E-14
0.0
fg/cm^2
Femtogram per Square Centimeter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram per Square Centimeter
FG/M2
fg/m2
fg/m<sup>2</sup>
fg/m^2
1.0E-18
0.0
fg/m^2
Femtogram per Square Meter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtogram per Square Meter
FL
fL
fL
fL
1.0E-15
0.0
fL
Femtoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtoliter
FMOL/L
fmol/L
fmol/L
fM
1.0E-12
0.0
fmol/L
Femtomolar
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtomolar
FMOL
fmol
fmol
fmol
1.0E-15
0.0
fmol
Femtomole
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Femtomole
[FFU]/ML
[FFU]/mL
FFU/mL
FFU/mL
FFU/mL is used to represent viral infectivity as measured in a sensitive assay in cell culture using immunofocus technology. The titre is determined by visualizing infected areas of a cell monolayer by probing with virus-specific monoclonal antibodies and results recorded as FFU/ml. [ISO 11240]
FFU/mL
Focus Forming Unit per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Focus Forming Unit per Milliliter
G/CM3
g/cm3
g/cm<sup>3</sup>
1000000.0
0.0
g/cm^3
Gram per Cubic Centimeter
Gram per Cubic Centimeter
G/FL
g/fL
g/fL
g/fL
1.0E12
0.0
g/fL
Gram per Femtoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Femtoliter
G/L
g/L
g/L
g/L
1.0
0.0
g/L
Gram per Liter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Liter
G/UL
g/uL
g/μL
g/μL
1000.0
0.0
g/μL
Gram per Microliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Microliter
G/ML
g/mL
g/mL
g/mL
1000.0
0.0
A unit for the quantity mass concentration. [ISO 11240]
g/mL
Gram per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Milliliter
G/MOL
g/mol
g/mol
g/mol
0.001
0.0
g/mol
Gram per Mole
Gram per Mole
G/NL
g/nL
g/nL
g/nL
1000000.0
0.0
g/nL
Gram per Nanoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Nanoliter
G/PL
g/pL
g/pL
g/pL
1.0E9
0.0
g/pL
Gram per Picoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Picoliter
G/CM2
g/cm2
g/cm<sup>2</sup>
g/cm^2
10.0
0.0
g/cm^2
Gram per Square Centimeter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Square Centimeter
G/M2
g/m2
g/m<sup>2</sup>
g/m^2
0.001
0.0
g/m^2
Gram per Square Meter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Square Meter
G/MIN
g/min
g/min
g/min
1.6666666666666667E-5
0.0
g/min
Gram per Minute
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Gram per Minute
J/CEL
J/Cel
J/°C
J/degC
1.0
0.0
J/°C
Joule per Degree Celsius
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
heat noise unit
Joule per Degree Celsius
J/G
J/g
J/g
J/g
1.0
1000.0
J/g
Joule per Gram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Joule per Gram
J/(G.CEL)
J/(g.Cel)
J/(g⋅°C)
J/(gm-degC)
1000.0
0.0
J/(g °C)
Joule per Gram Degree Celsius
Joule per Gram Degree Celsius
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Joule per Gram Degree Celsius
KJ/(MOL.K)
kJ/(mol.K)
kJ/(mol⋅K)
kJ/(mol.K)
1000.0
0.0
kJ/(mol K)
Kilojoule per Mole Kelvin
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilojoule per Mole Kelvin
KV
kV
kV
kV
1000.0
0.0
kV
Kilovolt
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilovolt
KG/FL
kg/fL
kg/fL
kg/fL
9.999999999999999E14
0.0
kg/fL
Kilogram per Femtoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilogram per Femtoliter
KG/L
kg/L
kg/L
kg/L
1000.0
0.0
kg/L
Kilogram per Liter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilogram per Liter
KG/UL
kg/uL
kg/μL
kg/μL
1000000.0
0.0
kg/μL
Kilogram per Microliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilogram per Microliter
KG/ML
kg/mL
kg/mL
kg/mL
1000.0
0.0
kg/mL
Kilogram per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilogram per Milliliter
KG/NL
kg/nL
kg/nL
kg/nL
9.999999999999999E8
0.0
kg/nL
Kilogram per Nanoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilogram per Nanoliter
KG/PL
kg/pL
kg/pL
kg/pL
1.0E12
0.0
kg/pL
Kilogram per Picoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilogram per Picoliter
KG/CM2
kg/cm2
kg/cm<sup>2</sup>
kg/cm^2
10000.0
0.0
kg/cm^2
Kilogram per Square Centimeter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Kilogram per Square Centimeter
L/kg
L/kg
L/kg
L/kg
0.001
0.0
L/kg
Liter per Kilogram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes, changed liter symbol. [Allotrope]
Liter per Kilogram
L/MIN
L/min
L/min
L/min
0.06
0.0
L/min
Liter per Minute
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Liter per Minute
L/S
L/s
L/s
L/s
0.001
0.0
L/s
Liter per Second
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Liter per Second
[LU]
[LU]
LU
LU
1.0
0.0
LU
Luminescence Units
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Luminescence Units
[M/Z]
[m/z]
m/z
m/z
1.0
0.0
m/z
Mass per Charge
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Mass per Charge
MAPA
MPa
MPa
MPa
1000000.0
0.0
MPa
Megapascal
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Megapascal
UCAL/CEL
uCal/Cel
µcal/°C
µcal/°C
4.184E-6
0.0
heat noise unit
µcal/°C
Microcalorie per Degree Celsius
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microcalorie per Degree Celsius
MF/M
mF/m
mF/m
mF/m
1.0E-6
0.0
mF/m
Micro Farad per Meter
Micro Farad per Meter
MF/(M.KHZ)
mF/(m.kHz)
mF/(m.kHz)
mF/m kHz
1.0E-6
0.0
mF/m kHz
Micro Farad per Meter Kilohertz
Micro Farad per Meter Kilohertz
UV.S
uV.S
μV⋅s
μV.sec
1.0E-6
0.0
μV.s
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Micro Volt times Second
UW
uW
μW
µW
1.0E-6
0.0
µW
Microwatt
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microwatt
UW/G
uW/g
μW/g
µW/g
0.001
0.0
µW/g
Microwatt per Gram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microwatt per Gram
UG
ug
μg
μg
1.0E-9
0.0
μg
Microgram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram
UG/FL
ug/fL
μg/fL
μg/fL
1000000.0
0.0
μg/fL
Microgram per Femtoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram per Femtoliter
UG/L
ug/L
μg/L
μg/L
1.0E-6
0.0
μg/L
Microgram per Liter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram per Liter
UG/UL
ug/uL
μg/μL
μg/μL
0.001
0.0
μg/μL
Microgram per Microliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram per Microliter
UG/CM3
ug/cm3
μg/cm<sup>3</sup>
μg/mL
1.0
0.0
μg/cm^3
Microgram per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram per Milliliter
UG/MIN
ug/min
μg/min
μg/min
1.0
0.0
μg/min
Microgram per Minute
Microgram per Minute
UG/NL
ug/nL
μg/nL
μg/nL
1.0
0.0
μg/nL
Microgram per Nanoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram per Nanoliter
UG/PL
ug/pL
μg/pL
μg/pL
1000.0000000000001
0.0
μg/pL
Microgram per Picoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram per Picoliter
UG/CM2
ug/cm2
μg/cm<sup>2</sup>
μg/cm^2
1.0E-5
0.0
μg/cm^2
Microgram per Square Centimeter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram per Square Centimeter
UG/M2
ug/m2
μg/m<sup>2</sup>
μg/m^2
1.0E-9
0.0
μg/m^2
Microgram per Square Meter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microgram per Square Meter
UL
uL
µL
μL
1.0E-6
0.0
μL
Microliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microliter
UL/MIN
uL/min
µL/min
µL/min
6.0E-8
0.0
µL/min
Microliter per Minute
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microliter per Minute
UL/S
uL/s
µL/s
µL/s
1.0E-9
0.0
µL/s
Microliter per Second
Microliter per Second
UMOL/L
umol/L
µmol/L
μM
0.001
0.0
μM
Micromolar
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Micromolar
UMOL
umol
µmol
μmol
1.0E-6
0.0
μmol
Micromole
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Micromole
UV
uV
µV
microV
1.0E-6
0.0
µV
Microvolt
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Microvolt
M[AU]
m[AU]
mAU
mAU
0.001
0.0
mAU
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milli Absorbance Unit
M[AU].MIN
m[AU].min
mAU⋅min
mAU.min
0.06
0.0
mAU.min
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milli Absorbance Unit times Minute
M[AU].S
m[AU].s
mAU⋅s
mAU.sec
0.001
0.0
mAU.s
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milli Absorbance Unit times Second
MA
mA
mA
mA
0.001
0.0
mA
Milliampere
Milliampere
M[AU]
m[AU]
mAU
mAU
0.001
0.0
mAU
Milli Arbitrary Unit
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milli Arbitrary Unit
MCAL/MIN
mcal/min
mcal/min
mcal/min
6.97333E-5
0.0
heat flow rate, used for quantifying differential power
mcal/min
Millicalorie per Minute
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Millicalorie per Minute
MCAL/(MOL.CEL)
mcal/(mol.Cel)
mcal/(mol⋅°C)
mcal/(mol.°C)
0.004184
0.0
mcal/(mol °C)
Millicalorie per Mole Degree Celsius
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Millicalorie per Mole Degree Celsius
MCAL/S
mcal/s
mcal/s
mcal/s
0.004184
0.0
mcal/s
Millicalorie per Second
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
2020-08-19 uses thermochemical calorie
heat flow rate, used for quantifying differential power
Millicalorie per Second
MOSM/L
mosm/kg
mosm/kg
mOsm/kg
0.001
0.0
mOsm/kg
Milliosmoles per Kilogram
Milliosmoles per Kilogram
MW
mW
mW
mW
0.001
0.0
mW
Milliwatt
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milliwatt
MW/G
mW/g
mW/g
mW/g
1.0
0.0
mW/g
Milliwatt per Gram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milliwatt per Gram
MG
mg
mg
mg
1.0E-6
0.0
mg
Milligram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram
MG/DL
mg/dL
mg/dL
mg/dL
100.0
0.0
mg/dL
Milligram per Deciliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Deciliter
MG/FL
mg/fL
mg/fL
mg/fL
9.999999999999999E8
0.0
mg/fL
Milligram per Femtoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Femtoliter
MG/KG
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
Milligram per Kilogram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Kilogram
MG/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.001
0.0
mg/L
Milligram per Liter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Liter
MG/UL
mg/uL
mg/μL
mg/μL
1.0
0.0
mg/μL
Milligram per Microliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Microliter
MG/ML
mg/mL
mg/mL
mg/mL
1000.0
0.0
mg/mL
Milligram per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes, changed symbol. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Milliliter
MG/MIN
mg/min
mg/min
mg/min
1.66666667E-8
0.0
mg/min
Milligram per Minute
MG/NL
mg/nL
mg/nL
mg/nL
999.9999999999999
0.0
mg/nL
Milligram per Nanoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Nanoliter
MG/PL
mg/pL
mg/pL
mg/pL
1000000.0
0.0
mg/pL
Milligram per Picoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Picoliter
MG/S
mg/s
mg/s
mg/s
1.0E-6
0.0
mg/s
Milligram per Second
MG/CM2
mg/cm2
mg/cm<sup>2</sup>
mg/cm^2
0.009999999999999998
0.0
mg/cm^2
Milligram per Square Centimeter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Square Centimeter
MG/M2
mg/m2
mL/m<sup>2</sup>
mg/m^2
1.0E-6
0.0
mg/m^2
Milligram per Square Meter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milligram per Square Meter
ML
mL
mL
mL
1.0E-6
0.0
mL
Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
2020-09-09 Fix conversionMultiplier. [Allotrope]
Milliliter
ML/KG
mL/kg
mL/kg
mL/kg
1.0E-6
0.0
mL/kg
Milliliter per Kilogram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milliliter per Kilogram
ML/L
mL/L
mL/L
mL/L
0.001
0.0
mL/L
Milliliter per Liter
Milliliter per Liter
ML/MIN
mL/min
mL/min
mL/min
6.0E-5
0.0
mL/min
Milliliter per Minute
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milliliter per Minute
ML/MIN2
mL/min2
mL/min<sup>2</sup>
mL/min^2
3.6
0.0
mL/min^2
Milliliter per Minute Squared
2020-06-21 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milliliter per Minute Squared
ML/S
mL/s
mL/s
mL/s
1.0E-6
0.0
mL/s
Milliliter per Second
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Milliliter per Second
ML/S2
mL/s2
mL/s<sup>2</sup>
mL/s^2
1.0E-6
0.0
mL/s^2
Milliliter per Second Squared
Milliliter per Second Squared
MM
mm
mm
mm
0.001
0.0
mm
Millimeter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Millimeter
MM[Hg]/MIN
mm[Hg]/min
mm[Hg]/min
1433.5713
0.0
mmHg/min
mmHg/min
Millimeter of Mercury per Minute
Millimeter of Mercury per Minute
MM/S
mm/s
mm/s
mm/s
0.001
0.0
mm/s
Millimeter per Second
Millimeter per Second
MMOL/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
mM
1.0
0.0
mM
Millimolar
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Millimolar
MMOL
mmol
mmol
mmol
0.001
0.0
mmol
Millimole
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Millimole
MMOL/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
1.0
0.0
mmol/L
Millimole per Liter
Millimole per Liter
MMOL/ML
mmol/mL
mmol/mL
mmol/mL
0.001
0.0
mmol/mL
Millimole per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Millimole per Milliliter
10^6{CELLS}/ML
10^6{cells}/mL
10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL
10^6 cells/mL
1.0
0.0
The unit of million cells per milliliter expresses the result of quantifying the amount of cells within a volume.
10^6 cells/mL
Million Cells per Milliliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Million Cells per Milliliter
MSIE/CM
mS/cm
mS/cm
mS/cm
0.1
0.0
mS/cm
MilliSiemens per Centimeter
MilliSiemens per Centimeter
MV
mV
mV
mV
0.001
0.0
mV
Millivolt
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Millivolt
MOL/DM3
mol/dm3
mol/dm<sup>3</sup>
M
1000.0
0.0
mol/dm^3
Molar
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Molar
MOL/DM3
mol/dm3
mol/dm<sup>3</sup>
mol/dm^3
0.001
0.0
mol/dm^3
Mole per Cubic Decimeter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Mole per Cubic Decimeter
MOL/L
mol/L
mol/L
mol/L
0.001
0.0
mol/L
Mole per Liter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Mole per Liter
NA
nA
nA
nA
1.0E-9
0.0
nA
Nanoampere
Nanoampere
nano RIU
1.0E-9
0.0
nRIU
Nano Refractive Index Unit
Nano Refractive Index Unit
NG
ng
ng
ng
1.0E-12
0.0
ng
Nanogram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Nanogram
ng/fL
1000.0
0.0
μg/fL
Nanogram per Femtoliter
Nanogram per Femtoliter
ng/L
1.0E-9
0.0
μg/L
Nanogram per Liter
Nanogram per Liter
ng/μL
1.0E-6
0.0
μg/μL
Nanogram per Microliter
Nanogram per Microliter
ng/mL
0.001
0.0
ng/cm^3
Nanogram per Milliliter
Nanogram per Milliliter
ng/nL
0.001
0.0
μg/nL
Nanogram per Nanoliter
Nanogram per Nanoliter
ng/pL
1.0
0.0
μg/pL
Nanogram per Picoliter
Nanogram per Picoliter
ng/cm^2
1.0E-8
0.0
μg/cm^2
Nanogram per Square Centimeter
Nanogram per Square Centimeter
ng/m^2
1.0E-12
0.0
μg/m^2
Nanogram per Square Meter
Nanogram per Square Meter
NL
nL
nL
nL
1.0E-9
0.0
nL
Nanoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Nanoliter
NM
nm
nm
nm
1.0E-8
0.0
nm
Nanometer
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Nanometer
nM
1.0E-6
0.0
nmol/dm^3
Nanomolar
Nanomolar
NMOL
nmol
nmol
nmol
1.0E-9
0.0
nmol
Nanomole
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Nanomole
{NUMBER}/YR
{Number}/yr
#/yr
#/yr
#/yr
Number per Year
2020-08-19 Added UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Number per Year
OHM.m
Ohm.m
Ω⋅m
Ω m
1.0
0.0
Ω m
Ohm Meter
2020-08-19 Changed UCUM print symbol. [Allotrope]
Ohm Meter
OSM/L
osm/L
osm/L
osm/L
1000.0
0.0
osm/L
Osmoles per Liter
2020-08-19 Added UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
2020-09-09 Changed unit label to osm. [Allotrope]
Osmoles per Liter
[PH]
[pH]
pH
pH
1.0
0.0
pH
pH
2020-08-19 Changed UCUM print symbol. [Allotrope]
pH
[PPB]
[ppb]
ppb
ppb
1.0E-9
0.0
ppb
Parts per Billion
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
A dimensionless unit, it is equivalent to 10−9. [ISO 11240]
Parts per Billion
[PPM]
[ppm]
ppm
ppm
1.0E-6
0.0
ppm
Parts per Million
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
A dimensionless unit, it is equivalent to 10−6. [ISO 11240]
Parts per Million
min^-1
60.0
0.0
min^-1
per Minute
The unit is per minute, regardless of what is being counted. [ISO 11240]
per Minute
PA
pA
pA
pA
1.0E-12
0.0
pA
Picoampere
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Picoampere
PA.S
pA.s
pA⋅s
pA.s
1.0E-12
0.0
pA.s
Picoampere times Second
Picoampere times Second
PA.MIN
pA.min
pA⋅min
pA.min
1.6666666667E-14
0.0
pA.min
Picoampere times Minute
Picoampere times Minute
PG
pg
pg
pg
1.0E-15
0.0
pg
Picogram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Picogram
pg/fL
1.0
0.0
pg/fL
Picogram per Femtoliter
Picogram per Femtoliter
pg/L
1.0E-12
0.0
pg/L
Picogram per Liter
Picogram per Liter
pg/μL
1.0E-9
0.0
pg/μL
Picogram per Microliter
Picogram per Microliter
pg/mL
1.0E-6
0.0
pg/cm^3
Picogram per Milliliter
Picogram per Milliliter
pg/nL
1.0E-6
0.0
pg/nL
Picogram per Nanoliter
Picogram per Nanoliter
pg/pL
0.001
0.0
pg/pL
Picogram per Picoliter
Picogram per Picoliter
pg/cm^2
1.0E-11
0.0
pg/cm^2
Picogram per Square Centimeter
Picogram per Square Centimeter
pg/m^2
1.0E-15
0.0
pg/m^2
Picogram per Square Meter
Picogram per Square Meter
PL
pL
pL
pL
1.0E-12
0.0
pL
Picoliter
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Picoliter
PM
pm
pm
pm
1.0E-12
0.0
pm
Picometer
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Picometer
pM
1.0E-9
0.0
pmol/dm^3
Picomolar
Picomolar
PMOL
pmol
pmol
pmol
1.0E-12
0.0
pmol
Picomole
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Picomole
{PIXEL}
{pixel}
pixel
1.0
0.0
number of pixels in a raster image
pixel
Pixel
Pixel
[PFU]
[PFU]
PFU
PFU
PFU
Plaque Forming Unit
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
The NCI-concept 'plaque forming unit equiv 1000 mouse LD50' is mapped to [PFU] for 'plaque forming unit'. The fact that this quantity happens to be equivalent to '1000 mouse LD50' is not considered to be part of the unit concept but a component of the method definition (e.g. a titration end point). [ISO 11240]
Plaque Forming Unit
CM-1
cm-1
1/cm
1/cm
100.0
0.0
1/cm
Wave Number
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Wave Number
[RIU]
[RIU]
RIU
RIU
RIU
Refractive Index Unit
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Refractive Index Unit
[RFU]
[RFU]
RFU
RFU
1.0
0.0
RFU
Relative Fluorescence Unit
Relative Fluorescence Unit
[RLU]
[RLU]
RLU
RLU
1.0
0.0
RLU
Relative Light Unit
Relative Light Unit
{SAMPLE}/S
{Sample}/s
Sample/s
The number of discrete samples of some thing per second.
[sps]
Sample per Second
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Sample per Second
SIE/M
S/m
S/m
S/m
1.0
0.0
S/m
Siemens per Meter
Siemens per Meter
[SIE/M].S
[S/m].s
[S/m].s
[S/m].sec
1.0
0.0
[S/m].s
Siemens per Meter times Second
AO2
Ao2
Å<sup>2</sup>
Å^2
1.0E-20
0.0
Å^2
Square Ångström
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Square Ångström
M2/G
m2/g
m<sup>2</sup>/g
m^2/g
1000.0
0.0
m^2/g
Square Meters per Gram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Square Meters per Gram
[IU]
[IU]
IU
IU
IU
Substance Arbitrary Unit
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
The arbitrary unit definition is specific to the substance. For Anti-Xa the unit is defined by WHO reference preparation 01/608. As this is a substance-specific attribute, the reference is not regarded as part of the unit concept definition for WHO IUs (see ISO 11238). [ISO 11240]
Substance Arbitrary Unit
[2THETA]
[2theta]
2θ
2θ
2θ
Two Theta
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Two Theta
{UNITLESS}
{unitless}
(unitless)
unitless
1.0
0.0
An explicit unit to say something has no units.
(unitless)
Unitless
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Unitless
W/G
W/g
W/g
W/g
1000.0
0.0
W/g
Watt per Gram
2020-08-19 Add UCUM codes. [Allotrope]
Watt per Gram
W/K
W/K
W/K
W/K
1.0
0.0
W/K
Watt per Kelvin
Watt per Kelvin
These taxonomies contain material or may constitute derivative works of material which may be subject to copyright by one of the following organizations. By using these taxonomies, you agree to the following terms and conditions applicable to its contents:
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Timestamped URL: http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/
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These taxonomies contain material or may constitute derivative works of material which may be subject to copyright by one of the following organizations. By using these taxonomies, you agree to the following terms and conditions applicable to its contents:
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Copyright Notice and Terms for IUPAC Gold Book
______________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 1998, Regents of the University of California
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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Copyright Notice and Terms for PSI-MS (Proteomics Standards Initiative - Mass Spectrometry) Mass spectrometer output files and spectra interpretation
_____________________________________________________________________________
Created by Matt Chambers, Andreas Bertsch, Marius Kallhardt, Eric Deutsch Fredrik Levander, Pierre-Alain Binz, and Gerhard Mayer. Publisher: HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative Mass Spectrometry Standards Working Group and HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative Proteomics Informatics Working Group. This work is used pursuant to a Creative Commons license available here: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
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Daniel Mekonnen
David Price
Irene Polikoff
James E. Masters
Ralph Hodgson
A
Photometry is the science of the measurement of light, in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. It is distinct from radiometry, which is the science of measurement of radiant energy (including light) in terms of absolute power.
Photometry is the field that studies the measurement of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Note that light is also measured using the techniques of photometry, which deal with brightness as perceived by the human eye, rather than absolute power.
Absolute humidity is the mass of water in a particular volume of air. It is a measure of the density of water vapor in an atmosphere.
Absolute Humidity
absolute humidity
Absolute humidity is the mass of water in a particular volume of air. It is a measure of the density of water vapor in an atmosphere.
absolute humidity (quantity kind)
Absorbed dose (also known as Total Ionizing Dose, TID) is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation. It is equal to the energy deposited per unit mass of medium, and so has the unit J/kg, which is given the special name Gray (Gy).
Note that the absorbed dose is not a good indicator of the likely biological effect. 1 Gy of alpha radiation would be much more biologically damaging than 1 Gy of photon radiation for example. Appropriate weighting factors can be applied reflecting the different relative biological effects to find the equivalent dose.
The risk of stoctic effects due to radiation exposure can be quantified using the effective dose, which is a weighted average of the equivalent dose to each organ depending upon its radiosensitivity. When ionising radiation is used to treat cancer, the doctor will usually prescribe the radiotherapy treatment in Gy. When risk from ionising radiation is being discussed, a related unit, the Sievert is used.
Absorbed Dose
absorbed dose
Absorbed dose (also known as Total Ionizing Dose, TID) is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation. It is equal to the energy deposited per unit mass of medium, and so has the unit J/kg, which is given the special name Gray (Gy).
Note that the absorbed dose is not a good indicator of the likely biological effect. 1 Gy of alpha radiation would be much more biologically damaging than 1 Gy of photon radiation for example. Appropriate weighting factors can be applied reflecting the different relative biological effects to find the equivalent dose.
The risk of stoctic effects due to radiation exposure can be quantified using the effective dose, which is a weighted average of the equivalent dose to each organ depending upon its radiosensitivity. When ionising radiation is used to treat cancer, the doctor will usually prescribe the radiotherapy treatment in Gy. When risk from ionising radiation is being discussed, a related unit, the Sievert is used.
absorbed dose (quantity kind)
Absorbed Dose Rate
absorbed dose rate
absorbed dose rate (quantity kind)
Acceleration is the (instantaneous) rate of change of velocity. Acceleration may be either linear acceleration, or angular acceleration. It is a vector quantity with dimension length/time^2 for linear acceleration, or in the case of angular acceleration, with dimension angle/time^2. In SI units, linear acceleration is measured in meters/second^2 (m·s^-2) and angular acceleration is measured in radians/second^2.
In common speech, the term acceleration is only used for an increase in speed. In physics, any increase or decrease in speed is referred to as acceleration and similarly, motion in a circle at constant speed is also an acceleration, since the direction component of the velocity is changing.
Acceleration
acceleration
acceleration (quantity kind)
S
S
Action
action
action (quantity kind)
Activity is the term used to characterise the number of nuclei which disintegrate in a radioactive substance per unit time. Activity is usually measured in Becquerels (Bq), where 1 Bq is 1 disintegration per second.
Activity
activity
Activity is the term used to characterise the number of nuclei which disintegrate in a radioactive substance per unit time. Activity is usually measured in Becquerels (Bq), where 1 Bq is 1 disintegration per second.
activity (quantity kind)
N
Amount of Substance
amount of substance
amount of substance (quantity kind)
Amount of Substance per Unit Mass
amount of substance per unit mass
amount of substance per unit mass (quantity kind)
Amount of Substance per Unit Volume
amount of substance per unit volume
amount of substance per unit volume (quantity kind)
The inclination to each other of two intersecting lines, measured by the arc of a circle intercepted between the two lines forming the angle, the center of the circle being the point of intersection. An acute angle is less than 90°; a right angle 90 °; an obtuse angle, more than 90° but less than 180 °; a straight angle, 180°; a reflex angle, more than 180° but less than 360°; a perigon, 360°. Any angle not a multiple of 90° is an oblique angle. If the sum of two angles is 90°, they are complementary angles; if 180°, supplementary angles; if 360°, explementary angles. Two adjacent angles have a common vertex and lie on opposite sides of a common side. A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes. A spherical angle is the angle between two intersecting great circles.
Angle
angle
The inclination to each other of two intersecting lines, measured by the arc of a circle intercepted between the two lines forming the angle, the center of the circle being the point of intersection. An acute angle is less than 90°; a right angle 90 °; an obtuse angle, more than 90° but less than 180 °; a straight angle, 180°; a reflex angle, more than 180° but less than 360°; a perigon, 360°. Any angle not a multiple of 90° is an oblique angle. If the sum of two angles is 90°, they are complementary angles; if 180°, supplementary angles; if 360°, explementary angles. Two adjacent angles have a common vertex and lie on opposite sides of a common side. A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes. A spherical angle is the angle between two intersecting great circles.
angle (quantity kind)
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time. Measurement of the change made in the rate of change of an angle that a spinning object undergoes per unit time. It is a vector quantity. Also called Rotational acceleration.
In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared (rad/s^2), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha.
Angular Acceleration
angular acceleration
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time. Measurement of the change made in the rate of change of an angle that a spinning object undergoes per unit time. It is a vector quantity. Also called Rotational acceleration.
In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared (rad/s^2), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha.
angular acceleration (quantity kind)
Angular frequency is a scalar measure of rotation rate. It is the magnitude of the vector quantity angular velocity.
ω
Angular Frequency
angular frequency
angular frequency (quantity kind)
Quantity of rotational motion.
Linear momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the mass of a body by its linear velocity. Angular momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the moment of inertia of a body by its angular velocity. The momentum of a system of particles is given by the sum of the momenta of the individual particles which make up the system or by the product of the total mass of the system and the velocity of the center of gravity of the system. The momentum of a continuous medium is given by the integral of the velocity over the mass of the medium or by the product of the total mass of the medium and the velocity of the center of gravity of the medium.
In physics, the angular momentum of an object rotating about some reference point is the measure of the extent to which the object will continue to rotate about that point unless acted upon by an external torque. In particular, if a point mass rotates about an axis, then the angular momentum with respect to a point on the axis is related to the mass of the object, the velocity and the distance of the mass to the axis. While the motion associated with linear momentum has no absolute frame of reference, the rotation associated with angular momentum is sometimes spoken of as being measured relative to the fixed stars.
Angular Momentum
angular momentum
Quantity of rotational motion.
Linear momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the mass of a body by its linear velocity. Angular momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the moment of inertia of a body by its angular velocity. The momentum of a system of particles is given by the sum of the momenta of the individual particles which make up the system or by the product of the total mass of the system and the velocity of the center of gravity of the system. The momentum of a continuous medium is given by the integral of the velocity over the mass of the medium or by the product of the total mass of the medium and the velocity of the center of gravity of the medium.
In physics, the angular momentum of an object rotating about some reference point is the measure of the extent to which the object will continue to rotate about that point unless acted upon by an external torque. In particular, if a point mass rotates about an axis, then the angular momentum with respect to a point on the axis is related to the mass of the object, the velocity and the distance of the mass to the axis. While the motion associated with linear momentum has no absolute frame of reference, the rotation associated with angular momentum is sometimes spoken of as being measured relative to the fixed stars.
angular momentum (quantity kind)
The change of angle per unit time; specifically, in celestial mechanics, the change in angle of the radius vector per unit time.
Angular Velocity
angular velocity
The change of angle per unit time; specifically, in celestial mechanics, the change in angle of the radius vector per unit time.
angular velocity (quantity kind)
Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve.
Area
area
Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve.
area (quantity kind)
Area Angle
area angle
area angle (quantity kind)
Area per Time
area per time
area per time (quantity kind)
Area Temperature
area temperature
area temperature (quantity kind)
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by:
* linear thermal expansion
* area thermal expansion
* volumetric thermal expansion
These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications.
Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients. [Wikipedia]
Area Thermal Expansion
area thermal expansion
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by:
* linear thermal expansion
* area thermal expansion
* volumetric thermal expansion
These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications.
Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients. [Wikipedia]
area thermal expansion (quantity kind)
Area Time
area time
area time (quantity kind)
Area Time Temperature
area time temperature
area time temperature (quantity kind)
An Asset is an economic resource owned by a business or company. Simply stated, assets are things of value that can be readily converted into cash (although cash itself is also considered an asset).
Asset
assert
An Asset is an economic resource owned by a business or company. Simply stated, assets are things of value that can be readily converted into cash (although cash itself is also considered an asset).
assert (quantity kind)
The pressure exerted at a point due to the presence of an atmosphere. In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point. Low pressure areas have less atmospheric mass above their location, whereas high pressure areas have more atmospheric mass above their location. Similarly, as elevation increases there is less overlying atmospheric mass, so that pressure decreases with increasing elevation. [Wikipedia]
Atmospheric Pressure
atmospheric pressure
atmospheric pressure (quantity kind)
Atomic Charge
atomic charge
atomic charge (quantity kind)
H
Magnetic Fields surround magnetic materials and electric currents and are detected by the force they exert on other magnetic materials and moving electric charges. The electric and magnetic fields are two interrelated aspects of a single object, called the electromagnetic field. A pure electric field in one reference frame is observed as a combination of both an electric field and a magnetic field in a moving reference frame. The Auxillary Magnetic Field, H characterizes how the true Magnetic Field B influences the organization of magnetic dipoles in a given medium.
Auxillary Magnetic Field
auxillary magnetic field
Magnetic Fields surround magnetic materials and electric currents and are detected by the force they exert on other magnetic materials and moving electric charges. The electric and magnetic fields are two interrelated aspects of a single object, called the electromagnetic field. A pure electric field in one reference frame is observed as a combination of both an electric field and a magnetic field in a moving reference frame. The Auxillary Magnetic Field, H characterizes how the true Magnetic Field B influences the organization of magnetic dipoles in a given medium.
auxillary magnetic field (quantity kind)
Capacitance is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge; it is quantified as the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential. Capacitance is a scalar-valued quantity.
Capacitance
capacitance
Capacitance is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge; it is quantified as the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential. Capacitance is a scalar-valued quantity.
capacitance (quantity kind)
In computer operations, (a) the largest quantity which can be stored, processed, or transferred; (b) the largest number of digits or characters which may regularly be processed; (c) the upper and lower limits of the quantities which may be processed.
In other contexts, the amount of material that can be stored, such as fuel or food.
Capacity
capacitance
In computer operations, (a) the largest quantity which can be stored, processed, or transferred; (b) the largest number of digits or characters which may regularly be processed; (c) the upper and lower limits of the quantities which may be processed.
In other contexts, the amount of material that can be stored, such as fuel or food.
capacitance (quantity kind)
Catalytic Activity
catalytic activity
catalytic activity (quantity kind)
In fluid dynamics, circulation is the line integral around a closed curve of the fluid velocity. It has dimensions of length squared over time.
Γ
Circulation
circulation
In fluid dynamics, circulation is the line integral around a closed curve of the fluid velocity. It has dimensions of length squared over time.
circulation (quantity kind)
Coefficient of Heat Transfer
coefficient of heat transfer
coefficient of heat transfer (quantity kind)
The compressibility factor (Z) is a useful thermodynamic property for modifying the ideal gas law to account for the real gas behaviour. The closer a gas is to a phase change, the larger the deviations from ideal behavior. Values for compressibility are calculated using equations of state (EOS), such as the virial equation and van der Waals equation. The compressibility factor for specific gases can be obtained, with out calculation, from compressibility charts. These charts are created by plotting Z as a function of pressure at constant temperature.
Z
Compressibility Factor
compressibility factor
The compressibility factor (Z) is a useful thermodynamic property for modifying the ideal gas law to account for the real gas behaviour. The closer a gas is to a phase change, the larger the deviations from ideal behavior. Values for compressibility are calculated using equations of state (EOS), such as the virial equation and van der Waals equation. The compressibility factor for specific gases can be obtained, with out calculation, from compressibility charts. These charts are created by plotting Z as a function of pressure at constant temperature.
compressibility factor (quantity kind)
Concentration
concentration
concentration (quantity kind)
Cubic Electric Dipole Moment per Square Energy
cubic electric dipole moment per square energy
cubic electric dipole moment per square energy (quantity kind)
Currency
currency
currency (quantity kind)
The canonical example of extrinsic curvature is that of a circle, which has curvature equal to the inverse of its radius everywhere. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. The curvature of a smooth curve is defined as the curvature of its osculating circle at each point. The osculating circle of a sufficiently smooth plane curve at a given point on the curve is the circle whose center lies on the inner normal line and whose curvature is the same as that of the given curve at that point. This circle is tangent to the curve at the given point.
That is, given a point P on a smooth curve C, the curvature of C at P is defined to be 1/R where R is the radius of the osculating circle of C at P. The magnitude of curvature at points on physical curves can be measured in diopters (also spelled dioptre) — this is the convention in optics. [Wikipedia]
Curvature
curvature
The canonical example of extrinsic curvature is that of a circle, which has curvature equal to the inverse of its radius everywhere. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. The curvature of a smooth curve is defined as the curvature of its osculating circle at each point. The osculating circle of a sufficiently smooth plane curve at a given point on the curve is the circle whose center lies on the inner normal line and whose curvature is the same as that of the given curve at that point. This circle is tangent to the curve at the given point.
That is, given a point P on a smooth curve C, the curvature of C at P is defined to be 1/R where R is the radius of the osculating circle of C at P. The magnitude of curvature at points on physical curves can be measured in diopters (also spelled dioptre) — this is the convention in optics. [Wikipedia]
curvature (quantity kind)
The frequency derived from the period of time required to transmit one bit. This represents the amount of data transferred per second by a communications channel or a computing or storage device. Data rate is measured in units of bits per second (written "b/s" or "bps"), bytes per second (Bps), or baud. When applied to data rate, the multiplier prefixes "kilo-", "mega-", "giga-", etc. (and their abbreviations, "k", "M", "G", etc.) always denote powers of 1000. For example, 64 kbps is 64,000 bits per second. This contrasts with units of storage which use different prefixes to denote multiplication by powers of 1024, e.g. 1 kibibit = 1024 bits.
Data Rate
data rate
The frequency derived from the period of time required to transmit one bit. This represents the amount of data transferred per second by a communications channel or a computing or storage device. Data rate is measured in units of bits per second (written "b/s" or "bps"), bytes per second (Bps), or baud. When applied to data rate, the multiplier prefixes "kilo-", "mega-", "giga-", etc. (and their abbreviations, "k", "M", "G", etc.) always denote powers of 1000. For example, 64 kbps is 64,000 bits per second. This contrasts with units of storage which use different prefixes to denote multiplication by powers of 1024, e.g. 1 kibibit = 1024 bits.
data rate (quantity kind)
Density
density
density (quantity kind)
U
Dimensionless
dimensionless
dimensionless (quantity kind)
ψ
Dimensionless Ratio
dimensionless ratio
dimensionless ratio (quantity kind)
The equivalent dose to a tissue is found by multiplying the absorbed dose, in gray, by a dimensionless "quality factor" Q, dependent upon radiation type, and by another dimensionless factor N, dependent on all other pertinent factors. N depends upon the part of the body irradiated, the time and volume over which the dose was spread, even the species of the subject.
Dose Equivalent
dose equivalent
The equivalent dose to a tissue is found by multiplying the absorbed dose, in gray, by a dimensionless "quality factor" Q, dependent upon radiation type, and by another dimensionless factor N, dependent on all other pertinent factors. N depends upon the part of the body irradiated, the time and volume over which the dose was spread, even the species of the subject.
dose equivalent (quantity kind)
Dry Volume
dry volume
dry volume (quantity kind)
Dynamic Pressure (indicated with q, or Q, and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by:
q = 1/2 * ρv^2
where (using SI units):
q = dynamic pressure in pascals
ρ = fluid density in kg/m3 (e.g. density of air)
v = fluid velocity in m/s
q
Dynamic Pressure
dynamic pressure
Dynamic Pressure (indicated with q, or Q, and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by:
q = 1/2 * ρv^2
where (using SI units):
q = dynamic pressure in pascals
ρ = fluid density in kg/m3 (e.g. density of air)
v = fluid velocity in m/s
dynamic pressure (quantity kind)
μ
Dynamic Viscosity
dynamic viscosity
dynamic viscosity (quantity kind)
Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The electric charge on a body may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an attractive force.
Q
Electric Charge
electric charge
Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The electric charge on a body may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an attractive force.
electric charge (quantity kind)
Electric Charge Line Density
electric charge line density
electric charge line density (quantity kind)
Electric Charge per Amount of Substance
electric charge per amount of substance
electric charge per amount of substance (quantity kind)
Electric Charge per Unit Area
electric charge per unit area
electric charge per unit area (quantity kind)
Electric Charge per Mass
electric charge per mass
electric charge per mass (quantity kind)
ρ
Electric Charge Volume Density
electric charge volume density
electric charge volume density (quantity kind)
Electric conductivity or specific conductance is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. When an electrical potential difference is placed across a conductor, its movable charges flow, giving rise to an electric current. The conductivity σ is defined as the ratio of the electric current density J to the electric field E:
J = σE
In isotropic materials, conductivity is scalar-valued, however in general, conductivity is a tensor-valued quantity.
σ
Electric Conductivity
electric conductivity
Electric conductivity or specific conductance is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. When an electrical potential difference is placed across a conductor, its movable charges flow, giving rise to an electric current. The conductivity σ is defined as the ratio of the electric current density J to the electric field E:
J = σE
In isotropic materials, conductivity is scalar-valued, however in general, conductivity is a tensor-valued quantity.
electric conductivity (quantity kind)
Electric Current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The amount of electric current through some surface, e.g., a section through a copper conductor, is defined as the amount of electric charge flowing through that surface over time. Current is a scalar-valued quantity.
I
Electric Current
electric current
Electric Current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The amount of electric current through some surface, e.g., a section through a copper conductor, is defined as the amount of electric charge flowing through that surface over time. Current is a scalar-valued quantity.
electric current (quantity kind)
J
Electric current density is a measure of the density of flow of electric charge; it is the electric current per unit area of cross section. Electric current density is a vector-valued quantity.
J
Electric Current Density
electric current density
Electric current density is a measure of the density of flow of electric charge; it is the electric current per unit area of cross section. Electric current density is a vector-valued quantity.
electric current density (quantity kind)
Electric Current per Angle
electric current per angle
electric current per angle (quantity kind)
Electric Current per Unit Energy
electric current per unit energy
electric current per unit energy (quantity kind)
Electric Current per Unit Length
electric current per unit length
electric current per unit length (quantity kind)
The Electric Dipole Moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system of (discrete or continuous) charges. It is a vector-valued quantity. If the system of charges is neutral, that is if the sum of all charges is zero, then the dipole moment of the system is independent of the choice of a reference frame; however in a non-neutral system, such as the dipole moment of a single proton, a dependence on the choice of reference point arises. In such cases it is conventional to choose the reference point to be the center of mass of the system or the center of charge, not some arbitrary origin. This convention ensures that the dipole moment is an intrinsic property of the system.
Electric Dipole Moment
electric dipole moment
The Electric Dipole Moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system of (discrete or continuous) charges. It is a vector-valued quantity. If the system of charges is neutral, that is if the sum of all charges is zero, then the dipole moment of the system is independent of the choice of a reference frame; however in a non-neutral system, such as the dipole moment of a single proton, a dependence on the choice of reference point arises. In such cases it is conventional to choose the reference point to be the center of mass of the system or the center of charge, not some arbitrary origin. This convention ensures that the dipole moment is an intrinsic property of the system.
electric dipole moment (quantity kind)
D
In a dielectric material the presence of an electric field E causes the bound charges in the material (atomic nuclei and their electrons) to slightly separate, inducing a local electric dipole moment. The Electric Displacement Field, D, is a vector field that accounts for the effects of free charges within such dielectric materials.
D
Electric Displacement Field
electric displacement field
In a dielectric material the presence of an electric field E causes the bound charges in the material (atomic nuclei and their electrons) to slightly separate, inducing a local electric dipole moment. The Electric Displacement Field, D, is a vector field that accounts for the effects of free charges within such dielectric materials.
electric displacement field (quantity kind)
E
The space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. This electric field exerts a force on other electrically charged objects. In the idealized case, the force exerted between two point charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Coulomb's Law)
Electric Field
electric field
The space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. This electric field exerts a force on other electrically charged objects. In the idealized case, the force exerted between two point charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Coulomb's Law)
electric field (quantity kind)
The Electric Flux through an area is defined as the electric field multiplied by the area of the surface projected in a plane perpendicular to the field. Electric Flux is a scalar-valued quantity.
Electric Flux
electric flux
The Electric Flux through an area is defined as the electric field multiplied by the area of the surface projected in a plane perpendicular to the field. Electric Flux is a scalar-valued quantity.
electric flux (quantity kind)
The Electric Potential is a scalar valued quantity associated with an electric field. The electric potential Φ(x) at a point, x, is formally defined as the line integral of the electric field taken along a path from x to the point at infinity. If the electric field is static, i.e. time independent, then the choice of the path is arbitrary; however if the electric field is time dependent, taking the integral along different paths will produce different results.
Φ
Electric Potential
electric potential
The Electric Potential is a scalar valued quantity associated with an electric field. The electric potential Φ(x) at a point, x, is formally defined as the line integral of the electric field taken along a path from x to the point at infinity. If the electric field is static, i.e. time independent, then the choice of the path is arbitrary; however if the electric field is time dependent, taking the integral along different paths will produce different results.
electric potential (quantity kind)
Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. In the simple case of direct current circuits, electric power can be calculated as the product of the potential difference in the circuit (V) and the amount of current flowing in the circuit (I):
P = VI
where
P is the power
V is the potential difference
I is the current.
However, in general electric power is calculated by taking the integral of the vector cross-product of the electrical and magnetic fields over a specified area.
Electric Power
electric power
Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. In the simple case of direct current circuits, electric power can be calculated as the product of the potential difference in the circuit (V) and the amount of current flowing in the circuit (I):
P = VI
where
P is the power
V is the potential difference
I is the current.
However, in general electric power is calculated by taking the integral of the vector cross-product of the electrical and magnetic fields over a specified area.
electric power (quantity kind)
The Electric Quadrupole Moment is a quantity which describes the effective shape of the ellipsoid of nuclear charge distribution. A non-zero quadrupole moment Q indicates that the charge distribution is not spherically symmetric. By convention, the value of Q is taken to be positive if the ellipsoid is prolate and negative if it is oblate. In general, the electric quadrupole moment is tensor-valued.
Q
Electric Quadrupole Moment
electric quadrupole moment
The Electric Quadrupole Moment is a quantity which describes the effective shape of the ellipsoid of nuclear charge distribution. A non-zero quadrupole moment Q indicates that the charge distribution is not spherically symmetric. By convention, the value of Q is taken to be positive if the ellipsoid is prolate and negative if it is oblate. In general, the electric quadrupole moment is tensor-valued.
electric quadrupole moment (quantity kind)
In physics, electromotive force, or most commonly emf (seldom capitalized), or (occasionally) electromotance is "that which tends to cause current (actual electrons and ions) to flow."[1]. More formally, emf is the external work expended per unit of charge to produce an electric potential difference across two open-circuited terminals.[2][3] The electric potential difference is created by separating positive and negative charges, thereby generating an electric field.[4][5] The created electrical potential difference drives current flow if a circuit is attached to the source of emf. When current flows, however, the voltage across the terminals of the source of emf is no longer the open-circuit value, due to voltage drops inside the device due to its internal resistance. [Wikipedia]
ε
Electromotive Force
electromotive force
In physics, electromotive force, or most commonly emf (seldom capitalized), or (occasionally) electromotance is "that which tends to cause current (actual electrons and ions) to flow."[1]. More formally, emf is the external work expended per unit of charge to produce an electric potential difference across two open-circuited terminals.[2][3] The electric potential difference is created by separating positive and negative charges, thereby generating an electric field.[4][5] The created electrical potential difference drives current flow if a circuit is attached to the source of emf. When current flows, however, the voltage across the terminals of the source of emf is no longer the open-circuit value, due to voltage drops inside the device due to its internal resistance. [Wikipedia]
electromotive force (quantity kind)
Energy and Work
energy and work
energy and work (quantity kind)
Energy and Work per Mass Amount of Substance
energy and work per mass amount of substance
energy and work per mass amount of substance (quantity kind)
Energy density is defined as energy per unit volume. The SI unit for energy density is the joule per cubic meter.
Energy Density
energy density
Energy density is defined as energy per unit volume. The SI unit for energy density is the joule per cubic meter.
energy density (quantity kind)
Internal Energy
internal energy
internal energy (quantity kind)
Kinetic Energy
kinetic energy
kinetic energy (quantity kind)
Energy per Area
energy per area
energy per area (quantity kind)
Energy per Area Electric Charge
energy per area electric charge
energy per area electric charge (quantity kind)
Energy per Electric Charge
energy per electric charge
energy per electric charge (quantity kind)
Energy per Square Magnetic Flux Density
energy per square magnetic flux density
energy per square magnetic flux density (quantity kind)
Energy per Temperature
energy per temperature
energy per temperature (quantity kind)
Static enthalpy per unit mass. The specific enthalpy of a working mass is a property of that mass used in thermodynamics, defined as h=u+p . v where u is the specific internal energy, p is the pressure, and v is specific volume. In other words, h = H / m where m is the mass of the system. The SI unit for specific enthalpy is joules per kilogram. [Wikipedia]
Enthalpy
enthalpy
Static enthalpy per unit mass. The specific enthalpy of a working mass is a property of that mass used in thermodynamics, defined as h=u+p . v where u is the specific internal energy, p is the pressure, and v is specific volume. In other words, h = H / m where m is the mass of the system. The SI unit for specific enthalpy is joules per kilogram. [Wikipedia]
enthalpy (quantity kind)
Exposure
exposure
exposure (quantity kind)
The first moment of area is the summation of area times distance to an axis. It is a measure of the distribution of the area of a shape in relationship to an axis.
First Moment of Area
first moment of area
The first moment of area is the summation of area times distance to an axis. It is a measure of the distribution of the area of a shape in relationship to an axis.
first moment of area (quantity kind)
Force is an influence that causes mass to accelerate. It may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. Force is defined by Newton's Second Law as F = m · a, where F is force, m is mass and a is acceleration.
Net force is mathematically equal to the time rate of change of the momentum of the body on which it acts. Since momentum is a vector quantity (has both a magnitude and direction), force also is a vector quantity.
Force
force
Force is an influence that causes mass to accelerate. It may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. Force is defined by Newton's Second Law as F = m · a, where F is force, m is mass and a is acceleration.
Net force is mathematically equal to the time rate of change of the momentum of the body on which it acts. Since momentum is a vector quantity (has both a magnitude and direction), force also is a vector quantity.
force (quantity kind)
Force Magnitude
force magnitude
force magnitude (quantity kind)
Force Per Area
force per area
force per area (quantity kind)
Force Per Area Time
force per area time
force per area time (quantity kind)
Force per Electric Charge
force per electric charge
force per electric charge (quantity kind)
Force per Unit Length
force per unit length
force per unit length (quantity kind)
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. The repetition of the events may be periodic (i.e. the length of time between event repetitions is fixed) or aperiodic (i.e. the length of time between event repetitions varies). Therefore, we distinguish between periodic and aperiodic frequencies. In the SI system, periodic frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) or multiples of hertz, while aperiodic frequency is measured in becquerel (Bq).
Frequency
frequency
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. The repetition of the events may be periodic (i.e. the length of time between event repetitions is fixed) or aperiodic (i.e. the length of time between event repetitions varies). Therefore, we distinguish between periodic and aperiodic frequencies. In the SI system, periodic frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) or multiples of hertz, while aperiodic frequency is measured in becquerel (Bq).
frequency (quantity kind)
Friction is the force of two surfaces In contact, or the force of a medium acting on a moving object (i.e. air on an aircraft). When contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into thermal energy.
Friction
friction
Friction is the force of two surfaces In contact, or the force of a medium acting on a moving object (i.e. air on an aircraft). When contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into thermal energy.
friction (quantity kind)
A general term used to denote an increase in signal power or signal strength in transmission from one point to another. Gain is usually expressed in decibels and is widely used to denote transducer gain. An increase or amplification. In radar there are two general usages of the term: (a) antenna gain, or gain factor, is the ratio of the power transmitted along the beam axis to that of an isotropic radiator transmitting the same total power; (b) receiver gain, or video gain, is the amplification given a signal by the receiver.
Gain
gain
A general term used to denote an increase in signal power or signal strength in transmission from one point to another. Gain is usually expressed in decibels and is widely used to denote transducer gain. An increase or amplification. In radar there are two general usages of the term: (a) antenna gain, or gain factor, is the ratio of the power transmitted along the beam axis to that of an isotropic radiator transmitting the same total power; (b) receiver gain, or video gain, is the amplification given a signal by the receiver.
gain (quantity kind)
Gravitational Attraction
gravitational attraction
gravitational attraction (quantity kind)
γ
Gyromagnetic Ratio
gyromagnetic ratio
gyromagnetic ratio (quantity kind)
Heart Rate
heart rate
heart rate (quantity kind)
Energy transferred by a thermal process. Heat can be measured in terms of the dynamical units of energy, as the erg, joule, etc., or in terms of the amount of energy required to produce a definite thermal change in some substance, as, for example, the energy required per degree to raise the temperature of a unit mass of water at some temperature ( calorie, Btu).
Heat
heat
Energy transferred by a thermal process. Heat can be measured in terms of the dynamical units of energy, as the erg, joule, etc., or in terms of the amount of energy required to produce a definite thermal change in some substance, as, for example, the energy required per degree to raise the temperature of a unit mass of water at some temperature ( calorie, Btu).
heat (quantity kind)
Cp
Heat Capacity
heat capacity
heat capacity (quantity kind)
The heat capacity ratio, or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (C_P) to heat capacity at constant volume (C_V). For an ideal gas, the heat capacity is constant with temperature (Θ). Accordingly we can express the enthalpy as H = C_P*Θ and the internal energy as U = C_V*Θ. Thus, it can also be said that the heat capacity ratio is the ratio between enthalpy and internal energy
Heat Capacity Ratio
heat capacity ratio
The heat capacity ratio, or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (C_P) to heat capacity at constant volume (C_V). For an ideal gas, the heat capacity is constant with temperature (Θ). Accordingly we can express the enthalpy as H = C_P*Θ and the internal energy as U = C_V*Θ. Thus, it can also be said that the heat capacity ratio is the ratio between enthalpy and internal energy
heat capacity ratio (quantity kind)
Heat Flow Rate
heat flow rate
heat flow rate (quantity kind)
Heat Flow Rate per Unit Area
heat flow rate per unit area
heat flow rate per unit area (quantity kind)
Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of the intensity of the incident light, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception.
Illuminance
illuminance
Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of the intensity of the incident light, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception.
illuminance (quantity kind)
Inductance is an electromagentic quantity that characterizes a circuit's resistance to any change of electric current; a change in the electric current through induces an opposing electromotive force (EMF). Quantitatively, inductance is proportional to the magnetic flux per unit of electric current.
L
Inductance
inductance
Inductance is an electromagentic quantity that characterizes a circuit's resistance to any change of electric current; a change in the electric current through induces an opposing electromotive force (EMF). Quantitatively, inductance is proportional to the magnetic flux per unit of electric current.
inductance (quantity kind)
Information Entropy
information entropy
information entropy (quantity kind)
Inverse Amount of Substance
inverse amount of substance
inverse amount of substance (quantity kind)
Inverse Energy
inverse energy
inverse energy (quantity kind)
Inverse Length
inverse length
inverse length (quantity kind)
Inverse Length Temperature
inverse length temperature
inverse length temperature (quantity kind)
Inverse Magnetic Flux
inverse magnetic flux
inverse magnetic flux (quantity kind)
Inverse Permittivity
inverse permittivity
inverse permittivity (quantity kind)
Inverse Square Energy
inverse square energy
inverse square energy (quantity kind)
Inverse Time Temperature
inverse time temperature
inverse time temperature (quantity kind)
Inverse Volume
inverse volume
inverse volume (quantity kind)
Irradiance and Radiant Emittance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. "Radiant emmitance" (or "radiant exitance") is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface.
Irradiance
irradiance
Irradiance and Radiant Emittance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. "Radiant emmitance" (or "radiant exitance") is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface.
irradiance (quantity kind)
The Kinematic Viscosity of a fluid is the dynamic viscosity divided by the fluid density.
Kinematic Viscosity
kinematic viscosity
The Kinematic Viscosity of a fluid is the dynamic viscosity divided by the fluid density.
kinematic viscosity (quantity kind)
The energy which a body possesses as a consequence of its motion, defined as one-half the product of its mass m and the square of its speed v, 1/2 mv^2. The kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid parcel is the 1/2 p v2 , where p is the density and v the speed of the parcel. See potential energy.
For relativistic speeds the kinetic energy is given by
Ek = mc^2 - m0c^2
where c is the velocity of light in a vacuum, m0 is the rest mass, and m is the moving mass.
Kinetic Energy
kinetic energy
The energy which a body possesses as a consequence of its motion, defined as one-half the product of its mass m and the square of its speed v, 1/2 mv^2. The kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid parcel is the 1/2 p v2 , where p is the density and v the speed of the parcel. See potential energy.
For relativistic speeds the kinetic energy is given by
Ek = mc^2 - m0c^2
where c is the velocity of light in a vacuum, m0 is the rest mass, and m is the moving mass.
kinetic energy (quantity kind)
L
Length
length
length (quantity kind)
Length Force
length force
length force (quantity kind)
Length Energy
length energy
length energy (quantity kind)
Length Mass
length mass
length mass (quantity kind)
Length Molar Energy
length molar energy
length molar energy (quantity kind)
Length per Unit Electric Current
length per unit electric current
length per unit electric current (quantity kind)
Length per Unit Magnetic Flux
length per unit magnetic flux
length per unit magnetic flux (quantity kind)
Length Temperature
length temperature
length temperature (quantity kind)
Length Temperature Time
length temperature time
length temperature time (quantity kind)
Linear Acceleration
linear acceleration
linear acceleration (quantity kind)
Linear Energy Transfer
linear energy transfer
linear energy transfer (quantity kind)
Linear momentum is the product of mass and linear velocity. The SI unit for linear momentum is meter-kilogram per second (m-kg/s).
Linear Momentum
linear momentum
Linear momentum is the product of mass and linear velocity. The SI unit for linear momentum is meter-kilogram per second (m-kg/s).
linear momentum (quantity kind)
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by:
* linear thermal expansion
* area thermal expansion
* volumetric thermal expansion
These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications.
Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients. [Wikipedia]
Linear Thermal Expansion
linear thermal expansion
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by:
* linear thermal expansion
* area thermal expansion
* volumetric thermal expansion
These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications.
Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients. [Wikipedia]
linear thermal expansion (quantity kind)
Linear Velocity
linear velocity
linear velocity (quantity kind)
Liquid Volume
liquid volume
liquid volume (quantity kind)
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.
Luminance
luminance
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.
luminance (quantity kind)
Luminous Efficacy is the ratio of luminous flux (in lumens) to power (usually measured in watts). Depending on context, the power can be either the radiant flux of the source's output, or it can be the total electric power consumed by the source.
Luminous Efficacy
luminous efficacy
Luminous Efficacy is the ratio of luminous flux (in lumens) to power (usually measured in watts). Depending on context, the power can be either the radiant flux of the source's output, or it can be the total electric power consumed by the source.
luminous efficacy (quantity kind)
Luminous Emittance is the luminous flux per unit area emitted from a surface.
Luminous Emmitance
luminous emmitance
Luminous Emittance is the luminous flux per unit area emitted from a surface.
luminous emmitance (quantity kind)
Luminous Energy is the perceived energy of light. This is sometimes also called the quantity of light.
Qv
Luminous Energy
luminous energy
Luminous Energy is the perceived energy of light. This is sometimes also called the quantity of light.
luminous energy (quantity kind)
Luminous Flux or Luminous Power is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of light emitted, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light.
F
Luminous Flux
luminous flux
Luminous Flux or Luminous Power is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of light emitted, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light.
luminous flux (quantity kind)
Luminous Flux per Area
luminous flux per area
luminous flux per area (quantity kind)
Luminous Intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. The weighting is determined by the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths.
J
Luminous Intensity
luminous intensity
Luminous Intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. The weighting is determined by the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths.
luminous intensity (quantity kind)
Mach number (Ma) is the speed of an object moving through air, or any fluid substance, divided by the speed of sound as it is in that substance:
M = V_o/V_s
where
M is the Mach number
V_o is the velocity of the object relative to the medium and
V_s is the velocity of sound in the medium
The Mach number is commonly used both with objects traveling at high speed in a fluid, and with high-speed fluid flows inside channels such as nozzles, diffusers or wind tunnels. As it is defined as a ratio of two speeds, it is a dimensionless number. [Wikipedia]
Mach Number
Mach number
Mach number (Ma) is the speed of an object moving through air, or any fluid substance, divided by the speed of sound as it is in that substance:
M = V_o/V_s
where
M is the Mach number
V_o is the velocity of the object relative to the medium and
V_s is the velocity of sound in the medium
The Mach number is commonly used both with objects traveling at high speed in a fluid, and with high-speed fluid flows inside channels such as nozzles, diffusers or wind tunnels. As it is defined as a ratio of two speeds, it is a dimensionless number. [Wikipedia]
Mach number (quantity kind)
The magnetic moment of a system is a measure of the magnitude and the direction of its magnetism. Magnetic moment usually refers to its Magnetic Dipole Moment, and quantifies the contribution of the system's internal magnetism to the external dipolar magnetic field produced by the system (that is, the component of the external magnetic field that is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance to the observer). The Magnetic Dipole Moment is a vector-valued quantity.
μ
Magnetic Dipole Moment
magnetic dipole moment
The magnetic moment of a system is a measure of the magnitude and the direction of its magnetism. Magnetic moment usually refers to its Magnetic Dipole Moment, and quantifies the contribution of the system's internal magnetism to the external dipolar magnetic field produced by the system (that is, the component of the external magnetic field that is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance to the observer). The Magnetic Dipole Moment is a vector-valued quantity.
magnetic dipole moment (quantity kind)
B
The Magnetic Field, denoted B, is a fundamental field in electrodynamics which characterizes the magnetic force exerted by electric currents. It is closely related to the auxillary magnetic field H (see quantity:AuxillaryMagneticField).
B
Magnetic Field
magnetic field
The Magnetic Field, denoted B, is a fundamental field in electrodynamics which characterizes the magnetic force exerted by electric currents. It is closely related to the auxillary magnetic field H (see quantity:AuxillaryMagneticField).
magnetic field (quantity kind)
Magnetic Flux is the product of the average magnetic field times the perpendicular area that it penetrates.
Φ
Magnetic Flux
magnetic flux
Magnetic Flux is the product of the average magnetic field times the perpendicular area that it penetrates.
magnetic flux (quantity kind)
Magnetic Flux per Unit Length
magnetic flux per unit length
magnetic flux per unit length (quantity kind)
M
The Magnetization Field is defined as the ratio of magnetic moment per unit volume. It is a vector-valued quantity.
M
Magnetization Field
magnetization field
The Magnetization Field is defined as the ratio of magnetic moment per unit volume. It is a vector-valued quantity.
magnetization field (quantity kind)
Magnetomotive Force (mmf) is the ability of an electric circuit to produce magnetic flux. Just as the ability of a battery to produce electric current is called its electromotive force or emf, mmf is taken as the work required to move a unit magnet pole from any point through any path which links the electric circuit back the same point in the presence of the magnetic force produced by the electric current in the circuit.
Magnetomotive Force
magnetomotive force
Magnetomotive Force (mmf) is the ability of an electric circuit to produce magnetic flux. Just as the ability of a battery to produce electric current is called its electromotive force or emf, mmf is taken as the work required to move a unit magnet pole from any point through any path which links the electric circuit back the same point in the presence of the magnetic force produced by the electric current in the circuit.
magnetomotive force (quantity kind)
M
Mass
mass
mass (quantity kind)
Mass Amount of Substance
mass amount of substance
mass amount of substance (quantity value)
Mass Amount of Substance Temperature
mass amount of substance temperature
mass amount of substance temperature (quantity value)
Mass per Area
mass per area
mass per area (quantity value)
Mass per Area Time
mass per area time
mass per area time (quantity kind)
Mass per Electric Charge
mass per electric charge
mass per electric charge (quantity kind)
Mass per Length
mass per length
mass per length (quantity kind)
Mass per Time
mass per time
mass per time (quantity kind)
Mass Temperature
mass temperature
mass temperature (quantity kind)
Microbial Formation
microbial formation
microbial formation (quantity kind)
Molar Angular Momentum
molar angular momentum
molar angular momentum (quantity kind)
Molar Energy
molar energy
molar energy (quantity kind)
Molar Heat Capacity
molar heat capacity
molar heat capacity (quantity kind)
Molar Mass
molar mass
molar mass (quantity kind)
V_m
Molar Volume
molar volume
molar volume (quantity kind)
In chemistry, the mole fraction of a component in a mixture is the relative proportion of molecules belonging to the component to those in the mixture, by number of molecules. It is one way of measuring concentration.
Mole Fraction
mole fraction
In chemistry, the mole fraction of a component in a mixture is the relative proportion of molecules belonging to the component to those in the mixture, by number of molecules. It is one way of measuring concentration.
mole fraction (quantity value)
The molecular mass, or molecular weight of a chemical compound is the mass of one molecule of that compound, relative to the unified atomic mass unit, u. Molecular mass should not be confused with molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of a substance.
M
Molecular Mass
molecular mass
The molecular mass, or molecular weight of a chemical compound is the mass of one molecule of that compound, relative to the unified atomic mass unit, u. Molecular mass should not be confused with molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of a substance.
molecular mass (quantity kind)
Molecular Viscosity
molecular viscosity
molecular viscosity (quantity kind)
Moment of Inertia
moment of inertia
moment of inertia (quantity kind)
Quantity of motion. Linear momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the mass of a body by its linear speed. Angular momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the moment of inertia of a body by its angular speed.
The momentum of a system of particles is given by the sum of the momentums of the individual particles which make up the system or by the product of the total mass of the system and the velocity of the center of gravity of the system.
The momentum of a continuous medium is given by the integral of the velocity over the mass of the medium or by the product of the total mass of the medium and the velocity of the center of gravity of the medium.
Momentum
momentum
Quantity of motion. Linear momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the mass of a body by its linear speed. Angular momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the moment of inertia of a body by its angular speed.
The momentum of a system of particles is given by the sum of the momentums of the individual particles which make up the system or by the product of the total mass of the system and the velocity of the center of gravity of the system.
The momentum of a continuous medium is given by the integral of the velocity over the mass of the medium or by the product of the total mass of the medium and the velocity of the center of gravity of the medium.
momentum (quantity kind)
In physics, astronomy, and chemistry, number density (symbol: n) is a kind of quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects (atoms, molecules, dust particles, galaxies, etc.) in the three-dimensional physical space.
n
Number Density
number density
In physics, astronomy, and chemistry, number density (symbol: n) is a kind of quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects (atoms, molecules, dust particles, galaxies, etc.) in the three-dimensional physical space.
number density (quantity kind)
Permeability is the degree of magnetization of a material that responds linearly to an applied magnetic field. In general permeability is a tensor-valued quantity.
μ
Permeability
permeability
Permeability is the degree of magnetization of a material that responds linearly to an applied magnetic field. In general permeability is a tensor-valued quantity.
permeability (quantity kind)
Permittivity is a physical quantity that describes how an electric field affects, and is affected by a dielectric medium, and is determined by the ability of a material to polarize in response to the field, and thereby reduce the total electric field inside the material. Permittivity is often a scalar valued quantity, however in the general case it is tensor-valued.
ε
Permittivity
permittivity
Permittivity is a physical quantity that describes how an electric field affects, and is affected by a dielectric medium, and is determined by the ability of a material to polarize in response to the field, and thereby reduce the total electric field inside the material. Permittivity is often a scalar valued quantity, however in the general case it is tensor-valued.
permittivity (quantity kind)
Plane Angle
plane angle
plane angle (quantity kind)
The polar moment of inertia is a quantity used to predict an object's ability to resist torsion, in objects (or segments of objects) with an invariant circular cross-section and no significant warping or out-of-plane deformation. It is used to calculate the angular displacement of an object subjected to a torque. It is analogous to the area moment of inertia, which characterizes an object's ability to resist bending.
Polar Moment of Inertia
polar moment of inertia
The polar moment of inertia is a quantity used to predict an object's ability to resist torsion, in objects (or segments of objects) with an invariant circular cross-section and no significant warping or out-of-plane deformation. It is used to calculate the angular displacement of an object subjected to a torque. It is analogous to the area moment of inertia, which characterizes an object's ability to resist bending.
polar moment of inertia (quantity kind)
Polarizability is the relative tendency of a charge distribution, like the electron cloud of an atom or molecule, to be distorted from its normal shape by an external electric field, which may be caused by the presence of a nearby ion or dipole.
The electronic polarizability α is defined as the ratio of the induced dipole moment of an atom to the electric field that produces this dipole moment. Polarizability is often a scalar valued quantity, however in the general case it is tensor-valued.
α
Polarizability
polarizability
Polarizability is the relative tendency of a charge distribution, like the electron cloud of an atom or molecule, to be distorted from its normal shape by an external electric field, which may be caused by the presence of a nearby ion or dipole.
The electronic polarizability α is defined as the ratio of the induced dipole moment of an atom to the electric field that produces this dipole moment. Polarizability is often a scalar valued quantity, however in the general case it is tensor-valued.
polarizability (quantity kind)
The Polarization Field is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. The polarization vector P is defined as the ratio of electric dipole moment per unit volume.
P
Polarization Field
polarization field
The Polarization Field is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. The polarization vector P is defined as the ratio of electric dipole moment per unit volume.
polarization field (quantity kind)
Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position in a gravity field in contrast with kinetic energy, that possessed by virtue of its motion.
Potential Energy
potential energy
Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position in a gravity field in contrast with kinetic energy, that possessed by virtue of its motion.
potential energy (quantity kind)
Power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted, or the amount of energy required or expended for a given unit of time. As a rate of change of work done or the energy of a subsystem, power is:
P = W/t
where P is power
W is work
t is time. [Wikipedia]
Power
power
Power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted, or the amount of energy required or expended for a given unit of time. As a rate of change of work done or the energy of a subsystem, power is:
P = W/t
where P is power
W is work
t is time. [Wikipedia]
power (quantity kind)
Power Area
power area
power area (quantity kind)
Power Area per Solid Angle
power area per solid angle
power area per solid angle (quantity kind)
Power per Area
power per area
power per area (quantity kind)
Power per Area Angle
power per area angle
power per area angle (quantity kind)
Power per Area Quartic Temperature
power per area quartic temperature
power per area quartic temperature (quantity kind)
Power per Electric Charge
power per electric charge
power per electric charge (quantity kind)
Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface. Pressure is the amount of force acting on a unit area. Pressure is distinct from stress, as the former is the ratio of the component of force normal to a surface to the surface area. Stress is a tensor that relates the vector force to the vector area.
Pressure
pressure
Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface. Pressure is the amount of force acting on a unit area. Pressure is distinct from stress, as the former is the ratio of the component of force normal to a surface to the surface area. Stress is a tensor that relates the vector force to the vector area.
pressure (quantity kind)
Quartic Electric Dipole Moment per Cubic Energy
quartic electric dipole moment per cubic energy
quartic electric dipole moment per cubic energy (quantity kind)
RF-Power
RF-power
RF-power (quantity kind)
Radiance is a radiometric measure that describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction.
Radiance
radiance
Radiance is a radiometric measure that describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction.
radiance (quantity kind)
Irradiance and Radiant Emittance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. "Radiant emmitance" (or "radiant exitance") is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface.
Radiant Emmitance
radiant emmitance
Irradiance and Radiant Emittance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. "Radiant emmitance" (or "radiant exitance") is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface.
radiant emmitance (quantity kind)
Radiant Energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves. The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time
Radiant Energy
radiant energy
Radiant Energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves. The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time
radiant energy (quantity kind)
Radiant Flux, or radiant power, is the measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light). The power may be the total emitted from a source, or the total landing on a particular surface.
Φ
Radiant Flux
radiant flux
Radiant Flux, or radiant power, is the measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light). The power may be the total emitted from a source, or the total landing on a particular surface.
radiant flux (quantity kind)
Radiant Intensity is a measure of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation. It is defined as power per unit solid angle.
Radiant Intensity
radiant intensity
Radiant Intensity is a measure of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation. It is defined as power per unit solid angle.
radiant intensity (quantity kind)
Radiosity is the total emitted and reflected radiation leaving a surface.
Radiosity
radiosity
Radiosity is the total emitted and reflected radiation leaving a surface.
radiosity (quantity kind)
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the passage of a steady electric current.
R
Resistance
resistance
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the passage of a steady electric current.
resistance (quantity kind)
Respiratory Rate
respiratory rate
respiratory rate (quantity kind)
The Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and, consequently, it quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions.
Reynolds Number
Reynolds number
The Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and, consequently, it quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions.
Reynolds number (quantity kind)
The second moment of area is a property of a physical object that can be used to predict its resistance to bending and deflection. The deflection of an object under load depends not only on the load, but also on the geometry of the object's cross-section.
Second Moment of Area
second moment of area
The second moment of area is a property of a physical object that can be used to predict its resistance to bending and deflection. The deflection of an object under load depends not only on the load, but also on the geometry of the object's cross-section.
second moment of area (quantity kind)
Serum or Plasma Level
serum or plasma level
serum or plasma level (quantity kind)
Signal Detection Threshold
signal detection threshold
signal detection threshold (quantity kind)
In telecommunications, particularly in radio, signal strength refers to the magnitude of the electric field at a reference point that is a significant distance from the transmitting antenna. It may also be referred to as received signal level or field strength. Typically, it is expressed in voltage per length or signal power received by a reference antenna. High-powered transmissions, such as those used in broadcasting, are expressed in dB-millivolts per metre (dBmV/m). [Wikipedia]
Signal Strength
signal strength
In telecommunications, particularly in radio, signal strength refers to the magnitude of the electric field at a reference point that is a significant distance from the transmitting antenna. It may also be referred to as received signal level or field strength. Typically, it is expressed in voltage per length or signal power received by a reference antenna. High-powered transmissions, such as those used in broadcasting, are expressed in dB-millivolts per metre (dBmV/m). [Wikipedia]
signal strength (quantity kind)
The solid angle subtended by a surface S is defined as the surface area of a unit sphere covered by the surface S's projection onto the sphere. A solid angle is related to the surface of a sphere in the same way an ordinary angle is related to the circumference of a circle. Since the total surface area of the unit sphere is 4*pi, the measure of solid angle will always be between 0 and 4*pi.
Solid Angle
solid angle
The solid angle subtended by a surface S is defined as the surface area of a unit sphere covered by the surface S's projection onto the sphere. A solid angle is related to the surface of a sphere in the same way an ordinary angle is related to the circumference of a circle. Since the total surface area of the unit sphere is 4*pi, the measure of solid angle will always be between 0 and 4*pi.
solid angle (quantity kind)
Specific Energy
specific energy
specific energy (quantity kind)
Specific Heat Capacity
specific heat capacity
specific heat capacity (quantity kind)
Specific heat at a constant pressure.
Specific Heat Pressure
specific heat pressure
Specific heat at a constant pressure.
specific heat pressure (quantity kind)
Specific heat per constant volume.
Specific Heat Volume
specific heat volume
Specific heat per constant volume.
specific heat volume (quantity kind)
Specific Impulse by Mass
specific impulse by mass
specific impulse by mass (quantity kind)
Specific Impulse by Weight
specific impulse by weight
specific impulse by weight (quantity kind)
ν
Specific volume (ν) is the volume occupied by a unit of mass of a material. It is equal to the inverse of density.
ν
Specific Volume
specific volume
Specific volume (ν) is the volume occupied by a unit of mass of a material. It is equal to the inverse of density.
specific volume (quantity kind)
Speed is the magnitude of velocity.
Speed
speed
Speed is the magnitude of velocity.
speed (quantity kind)
Square Energy
square energy
square energy (quantity kind)
μ
Standard Gravitational Parameter
standard gravitational parameter
standard gravitational parameter (quantity kind)
Static Pressure is the pressure at a nominated point in a fluid. Every point in a steadily flowing fluid, regardless of the fluid speed at that point, has its own static pressure P, dynamic pressure q, and total pressure P_0. The total pressure is the sum of the dynamic and static pressures, i.e. P_0 = P + q.
Static Pressure
static pressure
Static Pressure is the pressure at a nominated point in a fluid. Every point in a steadily flowing fluid, regardless of the fluid speed at that point, has its own static pressure P, dynamic pressure q, and total pressure P_0. The total pressure is the sum of the dynamic and static pressures, i.e. P_0 = P + q.
static pressure (quantity kind)
Stochastic Process
stochastic process
stochastic process (quantity kind)
In any branch of science dealing with materials and their behaviour, strain is the geometrical expression of deformation caused by the action of stress on a physical body. Strain is calculated by first assuming a change between two body states: the beginning state and the final state. Then the difference in placement of two points in this body in those two states expresses the numerical value of strain. Strain therefore expresses itself as a change in size and/or shape. [Wikipedia]
Strain
strain
In any branch of science dealing with materials and their behaviour, strain is the geometrical expression of deformation caused by the action of stress on a physical body. Strain is calculated by first assuming a change between two body states: the beginning state and the final state. Then the difference in placement of two points in this body in those two states expresses the numerical value of strain. Strain therefore expresses itself as a change in size and/or shape. [Wikipedia]
strain (quantity kind)
u
Strain Energy Density
strain energy density
strain energy density (quantity kind)
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface within a deformable body on which internal forces act. In other words, it is a measure of the intensity or internal distribution of the total internal forces acting within a deformable body across imaginary surfaces. These internal forces are produced between the particles in the body as a reaction to external forces applied on the body.
Stress
stress
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface within a deformable body on which internal forces act. In other words, it is a measure of the intensity or internal distribution of the total internal forces acting within a deformable body across imaginary surfaces. These internal forces are produced between the particles in the body as a reaction to external forces applied on the body.
stress (quantity kind)
CGS System of Quantities
CGS system of quantities
The electromagnetic system of units is used to measure electrical quantities of electric charge, current, and voltage, within the centimeter gram second (or "CGS") metric system of units. In electromagnetic units, electric current is derived the CGS base units length, mass, and time by solving Ampere's Law (expressing the force between two parallel conducting wires) for current and setting the constant of proportionality (k_m) equal to unity. Thus, in the CGS-EMU system, electric current is derived from length, mass, and time.
CGS-EMU System of Quantities
CGS-EMU system of quantities
The electrostatic system of units is used to measure electrical quantities of electric charge, current, and voltage within the centimeter gram second (or "CGS") metric system of units. In electrostatic units, electric charge is derived from Coulomb's Law (expressing the force exerted between two charged particles separated by a distance) by solving for electric charge and setting the constant of proportionality (k_s) equal to unity. Thus, in electrostatic units, the dimensionality of electric charge is derived from the base CGS quantities of length, mass, and time.
CGS-ESU System of Quantities
CGS-ESU system of quantities
CGS-Gauss System of Quantities
CGS-Gauss system of quantities
Planck System of Quantities
Planck system of quantities
International System of Quantities
international system of quantities
US Customary System of Quantities
US customary system of quantities
Temperature Amount of Substance
temperature amount of substance
temperature amount of substance (quantity kind)
Temperature per Magnetic Flux Density
temperature per magnetic flux density
temperature per magnetic flux density (quantity kind)
Temperature per Time
temperature per time
temperature per time (quantity kind)
Tension is the magnitude of the pulling force exerted by a string, cable, chain, or similar object on another object. It is the opposite of compression.
Tension
tension
Tension is the magnitude of the pulling force exerted by a string, cable, chain, or similar object on another object. It is the opposite of compression.
tension (quantity kind)
Thermal Conductivity
thermal conductivity
thermal conductivity (quantity kind)
Thermal Diffusivity
thermal diffusivity
thermal diffusivity (quantity kind)
Thermal efficiency is a dimensionless performance measure of a thermal device such as an internal combustion engine, a boiler, or a furnace. The input to the device is heat, or the heat-content of a fuel that is consumed. The desired output is mechanical work, or heat, or possibly both.
Thermal Efficiency
thermal efficiency
Thermal efficiency is a dimensionless performance measure of a thermal device such as an internal combustion engine, a boiler, or a furnace. The input to the device is heat, or the heat-content of a fuel that is consumed. The desired output is mechanical work, or heat, or possibly both.
thermal efficiency (quantity kind)
Thermal Energy
thermal energy
thermal energy (quantity kind)
Thermal Energy Length
thermal energy length
thermal energy length (quantity kind)
Thermal Insulance
thermal insulance
thermal insulance (quantity kind)
Thermal Resistance
thermal resistance
thermal resistance (quantity kind)
The reciprocal of thermal conductivity is thermal resistivity, measured in kelvin-metres per watt (K*m/W).
Thermal Resistivity
thermal resistivity
The reciprocal of thermal conductivity is thermal resistivity, measured in kelvin-metres per watt (K*m/W).
thermal resistivity (quantity kind)
Thermodynamic Entropy is a measure of the unavailability of a system’s energy to do work.
It is a measure of the randomness of molecules in a system and is central to the second law of thermodynamics and the fundamental thermodynamic relation, which deal with physical processes and whether they occur spontaneously. Spontaneous changes, in isolated systems, occur with an increase in entropy. Spontaneous changes tend to smooth out differences in temperature, pressure, density, and chemical potential that may exist in a system, and entropy is thus a measure of how far this smoothing-out process has progressed.
It can be seen that the dimensions of entropy are energy divided by temperature, which is the same as the dimensions of Boltzmann's constant (kB) and heat capacity. The SI unit of entropy is joule per kelvin. [Wikipedia]
Thermodynamic Entropy
thermodynamic entropy
Thermodynamic Entropy is a measure of the unavailability of a system’s energy to do work.
It is a measure of the randomness of molecules in a system and is central to the second law of thermodynamics and the fundamental thermodynamic relation, which deal with physical processes and whether they occur spontaneously. Spontaneous changes, in isolated systems, occur with an increase in entropy. Spontaneous changes tend to smooth out differences in temperature, pressure, density, and chemical potential that may exist in a system, and entropy is thus a measure of how far this smoothing-out process has progressed.
It can be seen that the dimensions of entropy are energy divided by temperature, which is the same as the dimensions of Boltzmann's constant (kB) and heat capacity. The SI unit of entropy is joule per kelvin. [Wikipedia]
thermodynamic entropy (quantity kind)
Θ
Temperature
temperature
temperature (quantity kind)
Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's Second and Third Laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a proportional but opposite force on that system.
1. The pushing or pulling force developed by an aircraft engine or a rocket engine.
2. The force exerted in any direction by a fluid jet or by a powered screw, as, the thrust of an antitorque rotor.
3. (symbol F). Specifically, in rocketry, F = mv where m is propellant mass flow and v is exhaust velocity relative to the vehicle. Also called momentum thrust.
Thrust
thrust
Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's Second and Third Laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a proportional but opposite force on that system.
1. The pushing or pulling force developed by an aircraft engine or a rocket engine.
2. The force exerted in any direction by a fluid jet or by a powered screw, as, the thrust of an antitorque rotor.
3. (symbol F). Specifically, in rocketry, F = mv where m is propellant mass flow and v is exhaust velocity relative to the vehicle. Also called momentum thrust.
thrust (quantity kind)
Thrust to Mass Ratio
thrust to mass ratio
thrust to mass ratio (quantity kind)
Time is a basic component of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify the motions of objects.
T
Time
time
Time is a basic component of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify the motions of objects.
time (quantity kind)
Time Squared
time squared
time squared (quantity kind)
Time Temperature
time temperature
time temperature (quantity kind)
In physics, a torque (τ) is a vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about some axis [1]. The magnitude of a torque is defined as force times its lever arm [2]. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist.
The SI unit for torque is newton meters (N m). In U.S. customary units, it is measured in foot pounds (ft lbf) (also known as 'pounds feet').
Mathematically, the torque on a particle (which has the position r in some reference frame) can be defined as the cross product:
τ = r x F
where
r is the particle's position vector relative to the fulcrum
F is the force acting on the particles,
or, more generally, torque can be defined as the rate of change of angular momentum,
τ = dL/dt
where
L is the angular momentum vector
t stands for time. [Wikipedia]
Torque
torque
In physics, a torque (τ) is a vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about some axis [1]. The magnitude of a torque is defined as force times its lever arm [2]. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist.
The SI unit for torque is newton meters (N m). In U.S. customary units, it is measured in foot pounds (ft lbf) (also known as 'pounds feet').
Mathematically, the torque on a particle (which has the position r in some reference frame) can be defined as the cross product:
τ = r x F
where
r is the particle's position vector relative to the fulcrum
F is the force acting on the particles,
or, more generally, torque can be defined as the rate of change of angular momentum,
τ = dL/dt
where
L is the angular momentum vector
t stands for time. [Wikipedia]
torque (quantity kind)
The total pressure is the sum of the dynamic and static pressures, i.e. P_0 = P + q.
P_0
Total Pressure
total pressure
The total pressure is the sum of the dynamic and static pressures, i.e. P_0 = P + q.
total pressure (quantity kind)
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid, or of air, caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. Turbidity in open water is often caused by phytoplankton and the measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality. The higher the turbidity, the higher the risk of the drinkers developing gastrointestinal diseases, especially for immune-compromised people, because contaminants like virus or bacteria can become attached to the suspended solid. The suspended solids interfere with water disinfection with chlorine because the particles act as shields for the virus and bacteria. Similarly suspended solids can protect bacteria from UV sterilisation of water. Fluids can contain suspended solid matter consisting of particles of many different sizes. While some suspended material will be large enough and heavy enough to settle rapidly to the bottom container if a liquid sample is left to stand (the settleable solids), very small particles will settle only very slowly or not at all if the sample is regularly agitated or the particles are colloidal. These small solid particles cause the liquid to appear turbid.
Turbidity
turbidity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid, or of air, caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. Turbidity in open water is often caused by phytoplankton and the measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality. The higher the turbidity, the higher the risk of the drinkers developing gastrointestinal diseases, especially for immune-compromised people, because contaminants like virus or bacteria can become attached to the suspended solid. The suspended solids interfere with water disinfection with chlorine because the particles act as shields for the virus and bacteria. Similarly suspended solids can protect bacteria from UV sterilisation of water. Fluids can contain suspended solid matter consisting of particles of many different sizes. While some suspended material will be large enough and heavy enough to settle rapidly to the bottom container if a liquid sample is left to stand (the settleable solids), very small particles will settle only very slowly or not at all if the sample is regularly agitated or the particles are colloidal. These small solid particles cause the liquid to appear turbid.
turbidity (quantity kind)
Velocity
velocity
velocity (quantity kind)
Video Frame Rate
video frame rate
video frame rate (quantity kind)
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. In general terms it is the resistance of a liquid to flow, or its "thickness". Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. [Wikipedia]
Viscosity
viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. In general terms it is the resistance of a liquid to flow, or its "thickness". Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. [Wikipedia]
viscosity (quantity kind)
The volume of a solid object is the three-dimensional concept of how much space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space.
Volume
volume
The volume of a solid object is the three-dimensional concept of how much space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space.
volume (quantity kind)
Volume per Unit Time
volume per unit time
volume per unit time (quantity kind)
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by:
* linear thermal expansion
* area thermal expansion
* volumetric thermal expansion
These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications.
Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients. [Wikipedia]
Volume Thermal Expansion
volume thermal expansion
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by:
* linear thermal expansion
* area thermal expansion
* volumetric thermal expansion
These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications.
Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients. [Wikipedia]
volume thermal expansion (quantity kind)
Volumetric Heat Capacity
volumetric heat capacity
volumetric heat capacity (quantity kind)
In the simplest sense, vorticity is the tendency for elements of a fluid to "spin." More formally, vorticity can be related to the amount of "circulation" or "rotation" (or more strictly, the local angular rate of rotation) in a fluid. The average vorticity in a small region of fluid flow is equal to the circulation C around the boundary of the small region, divided by the area A of the small region. Mathematically, vorticity is a vector field and is defined as the curl of the velocity field.
ω
Vorticity
vorticity
In the simplest sense, vorticity is the tendency for elements of a fluid to "spin." More formally, vorticity can be related to the amount of "circulation" or "rotation" (or more strictly, the local angular rate of rotation) in a fluid. The average vorticity in a small region of fluid flow is equal to the circulation C around the boundary of the small region, divided by the area A of the small region. Mathematically, vorticity is a vector field and is defined as the curl of the velocity field.
vorticity (quantity kind)
1. The force with which a body is attracted toward an astronomical body.
2. The product of the mass of a body and the acceleration acting on a body.
In a dynamic situation, the weight can be a multiple of that under resting conditions. Weight also varies on other planets in accordance with their gravity.
Weight
weight
1. The force with which a body is attracted toward an astronomical body.
2. The product of the mass of a body and the acceleration acting on a body.
In a dynamic situation, the weight can be a multiple of that under resting conditions. Weight also varies on other planets in accordance with their gravity.
weight (quantity kind)
abA
0005
10.0
0.0
The abampere (aA), also called the biot after Jean-Baptiste Biot, is the basic electromagnetic unit of electric current in the emu-cgs system of units (electromagnetic cgs). One abampere is equal to ten amperes in the SI system of units. [Wikipedia]
abA
Abampere
Abampere
abA / cm^2
100000.0
0.0
Abampere per Square Centimeter
Abampere per Square Centimeter
abC
0010
10.0
0.0
The abcoulomb (abC or aC) or electromagnetic unit of charge (emu of charge) is the basic physical unit of electric charge in the cgs-emu system of units. One abcoulomb is equal to ten coulombs. [Wikipedia]
abC
Abcoulomb
Abcoulomb
0.001
0.0
abC/cm^2
Abcoulomb per Square Centimeter
Abcoulomb per Square Centimeter
abF
0015
1.0E9
0.0
An abfarad is an obsolete electromagnetic (CGS) unit of capacitance equal to 10^9 farads (1,000,000,000 F or 1 GF). This very large unit is used in medical terminology only. [Wikipedia]
abF
Abfarad
Abfarad
1.0E11
0.0
abF/cm
Abfarad per Centimeter
Abfarad per Centimeter
abH
0020
1.0E-9
0.0
abH
Abhenry
Abhenry
abOhm
0030
1.0E-9
0.0
abΩ
Abohm
Abohm
aS
0025
1.0E9
0.0
aS
Absiemen
Absiemen
1.0E-4
0.0
abT
Abtesla
Abtesla
abV
0035
1.0E-8
0.0
abV
Abvolt
Abvolt
abV cm
1.0E-10
0.0
abV cm
Abvolt Centimeter
Abvolt Centimeter
1.0E-6
0.0
abV/cm
Abvolt per centimeter
Abvolt per centimeter
1.0E-8
0.0
abV-s
Abvolt Second
Abvolt Second
[ACR_US]
[acr_us]
ac
0040
4046.8564224
0.0
ac
ACR
Acre
Acre
ac ft
0045
1233.4818375475202
0.0
ac ft
Acre Foot
Acre Foot
AFN
971
2
Afghanistan
Afghani
Afghani
DZD
012
2
Algeria
Algerian Dinar
Algerian Dinar
A
A
A
A
0050
1.0
0.0
A
AMP
Ampere
Ampere
A h
0055
3600.0
0.0
A h
AMH
Ampere Hour
Ampere Hour
A/deg
2280
57.2957795
0.0
A/deg
Ampere per Degree
Ampere per Degree
A/J
1.0
0.0
A J^-1
Ampere per Joule
Ampere per Joule
A/m
0060
1.0
0.0
A/m
Ampere per Meter
Ampere per Meter
1.0
0.0
A/rad
Ampere per Radian
Ampere per Radian
A/m^2
0065
1.0
0.0
A/m^2
Ampere per Square Meter
Ampere per Square Meter
At
0070
1.0
0.0
At
Ampere Turn
Ampere Turn
At/in
0075
39.3700787
0.0
At/in
Ampere Turn per Inch
Ampere Turn per Inch
At/m
0080
1.0
0.0
At/m
Ampere Turn per Meter
Ampere Turn per Meter
AO
Ao
Å
Å
0085
1.0E-10
0.0
The ångström or angstrom (symbol Å) (the latter spelling, without diacritics, is now usually used in English) (pronounced /ˈæŋstrəm/; Swedish: [ˈɔŋstrøm]) is an internationally recognized unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre or 1×10−10 metres. It is named after Anders Jonas Ångström. Although accepted for use, it is not formally defined within the International System of Units(SI). (That article lists the units that are so defined.) The ångström is often used in the natural sciences to express the sizes of atoms, lengths of chemical bonds and the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, and in technology for the dimensions of parts of integrated circuits. It is also commonly used in structural biology. [Wikipedia]
angstrom
Å
A11
Angstrom
Angstrom
'
'
'
arcMin
1195
2.90888209E-4
0.0
arcMin
Arc Minute
Arc Minute
''
''
''
arcSec
1600
4.84813681E-6
0.0
arcSec
Arc Second
Arc Second
AR
ar
a
a
0090
100.0
0.0
a
ARE
Are
Are
ARS
032
2
Argentina
Argentine Peso
Argentine Peso
AMD
051
0
Armenia
Armenian Dram
Armenian Dram
AWG
533
2
Aruba
Aruban Guilder
Aruban Guilder
AU
AU
AU
au
0095
1.4959787E11
0.0
au
A12
Astronomical Unit
Astronomical Unit
ATM
atm
atm
atm
0100
101325.0
0.0
atm
ATM
Standard Atmosphere
Standard Atmosphere
ATT
att
at
at
0105
98066.5
0.0
at
ATT
Technical Atmosphere
Technical Atmosphere
u
0486
1.66053878283E-27
0.0
The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: u) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state,[1] and has a value of 1.660538782(83)×10−27 kg.[2] One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally".[1] [Wikipedia]
u
Atomic mass unit
Atomic mass unit
Z
2220
Z
Atomic Number
Atomic Number
1.0E-18
0.0
a
Atto
Atto
AUD
036
2
Australia, Australian Antarctic Territory, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Heard and McDonald Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, Norfolk Island, Tuvalu
Australian Dollar
Australian Dollar
AZN
944
2
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijanian Manat
Azerbaijanian Manat
BSD
044
2
Bahamas
Bahamian Dollar
Bahamian Dollar
BHD
048
3
Bahrain
Bahraini Dinar
Bahraini Dinar
THB
764
2
Thailand
Baht
Baht
PAB
590
2
Panama
Balboa
Balboa
2.30258509
0.0
A ban is a logarithmic unit which measures information or entropy, based on base 10 logarithms and powers of 10, rather than the powers of 2 and base 2 logarithms which define the bit. One ban is approximately 3.32 (log_2 10) bits.
ban
Ban
Ban
BDT
050
2
Bangladesh
Bangladeshi Taka
Bangladeshi Taka
BAR
bar
bar
bar
0110
100000.0
0.0
bar
Bar
Bar
BBD
052
2
Barbados
Barbados Dollar
Barbados Dollar
BRN
b
b
b
0115
1.0E-28
0.0
b
A14
Barn
Barn
[BBL_US]
[bbl_us]
bbl
0120
bbl
Barrel
Barrel
BQ
Bq
Bq
Bq
0125
1.0
0.0
Bq
BQL
Becquerel
Becquerel
BYR
974
0
Belarus
Belarussian Ruble
Belarussian Ruble
BZD
084
2
Belize
Belize Dollar
Belize Dollar
BMD
060
2
Bermuda
Bermuda Dollar
Bermuda Dollar
BI
Bi
Bi
Bi
0130
3.335641E-10
0.0
Bi
Biot
Biot
BIT
bit
bit
b
3045
0.693147181
0.0
In information theory, a bit is the amount of information that, on average, can be stored in a discrete bit. It is thus the amount of information carried by a choice between two equally likely outcomes. One bit corresponds to about 0.693 nats (ln(2)), or 0.301 hartleys (log10(2)).
b
Bit
Bit
bps
2240
bps
Bits per Second
Bits per Second
[BF_I]
[bf_i]
Bf
0135
0.00236
0.0
Bf
Board Foot
Board Foot
BOV
984
2
Bolivia
Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code)
Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code)
BOB
068
2
Bolivia
Boliviano
Boliviano
BRL
986
2
Brazil
Brazilian Real
Brazilian Real
2000
Breath
Breath
breaths/min
2495
breaths/min
Breath per Minute
Breath per Minute
[BTU_IT]
[Btu_IT]
Btu<sub>IT</sub>
BtuIT
0145
1055.05585262
0.0
The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) is a traditional unit of energy equal to about 1 055.05585 joules. It is approximately the amount of energy needed to heat 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water from 39 °F (3.9 °C) to 40 °F (4.4 °C). The unit is most often used in the power, steam generation, heating and air conditioning industries. In scientific contexts the BTU has largely been replaced by the SI unit of energy, the joule, though it may be used as a measure of agricultural energy production (BTU/kg). It is still used unofficially in metric English-speaking countries (such as Canada), and remains the standard unit of classification for air conditioning units manufactured and sold in many non-English-speaking metric countries.
Btu
British Thermal Unit - International Steam Table
British Thermal Unit - International Steam Table
[BTU_TH]
[Btu_th]
Btu<sub>th</sub>
BtuTC
0155
Btu
British Thermal Unit - Thermochemical Calorie
British Thermal Unit - Thermochemical Calorie
BND
096
2
Brunei
Brunei Dollar
Brunei Dollar
Btu-ft
0160
321.581024
0.0
Btu ft
BTU Foot
BTU Foot
Btu-ft/(hr-ft^2-degF)
0165
Btu ft/(h ft^2 °F)
BTU Foot per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
BTU Foot per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
Btu-in
0170
26.7984187
0.0
Btu in
BTU Inch
BTU Inch
Btu in/(h ft^2 °F)
0175
Btu in/(h ft^2 °F)
BTU Inch per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
BTU Inch per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
Btu in/(ft^2 s °F)
0180
Btu in/(ft^2 s °F)
BTU Inch per Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
BTU Inch per Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
Btu/degF
0185
Btu/°F
BTU per Degree Fahrenheit
BTU per Degree Fahrenheit
Btu/degR
0190
Btu/°R
BTU per Degree Rankine
BTU per Degree Rankine
Btu/hr
0195
0.29307107
0.0
The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) is a traditional unit of energy equal to about 1 055.05585 joules. It is approximately the amount of energy needed to heat 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water from 39 °F (3.9 °C) to 40 °F (4.4 °C). The unit is most often used in the power, steam generation, heating and air conditioning industries. In scientific contexts the BTU has largely been replaced by the SI unit of energy, the joule, though it may be used as a measure of agricultural energy production (BTU/kg). [Wikipedia]
Btu/h
BTU per Hour
BTU per Hour
Btu/(h ft^2)
0200
3.15459075
0.0
Btu/(h ft^2)
BTU per Hour Square Foot
BTU per Hour Square Foot
Btu/lb
0210
2326.0
0.0
Btu/lb
BTU per Pound
BTU per Pound
Btu/(lb-degF)
0215
Btu/(lb °F)
BTU per Pound Degree Fahrenheit
BTU per Pound Degree Fahrenheit
Btu/(lb-degR)
0220
Btu/(lb °R)
BTU per Pound Degree Rankine
BTU per Pound Degree Rankine
Btu/(lb-mol)
0225
Btu/(lb mol)
BTU per Pound Mole
BTU per Pound Mole
Btu/(lb-mol-degF)
0230
Btu/(lb mol °F)
BTU per Pound Mole Degree Fahrenheit
BTU per Pound Mole Degree Fahrenheit
Btu/s
0235
1055.05585262
0.0
Btu/s
BTU per Second
BTU per Second
Btu/(s ft^2)
0240
11356.5267
0.0
Btu/(s ft^2)
BTU per Second Square Foot
BTU per Second Square Foot
Btu/ft^2
0250
11356.5267
0.0
Btu/ft^2
BTU per Square Foot
BTU per Square Foot
Btu/(hr-ft^2-degF)
0205
Btu/(h ft^2 °F)
BTU per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
BTU per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
Btu/(ft^2-s-degF)
0245
Btu/(ft^2 s °F)
BTU per Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
BTU per Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
BGN
975
2
Bulgaria
Bulgarian Lev
Bulgarian Lev
BIF
108
0
Burundi
Burundian Franc
Burundian Franc
[BU_US]
[bu_us]
bu
0255
0.03523907
0.0
bu
Bushel
Bushel
BY
By
B
B
3040
5.54517744
0.0
B
Byte
Byte
XOF
952
0
Benin, Burkina Faso, C�te d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo
CFA Franc BCEAO
CFA Franc BCEAO
XAF
950
0
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
CFA Franc BEAC
CFA Franc BEAC
XPF
953
0
French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna
CFP franc
CFP franc
[CAL]
[Cal]
cal
Cal
0265
4184.0
0.0
Cal
Nutritional Calorie
2020-08-19 Changed UCUM print symbol. [Allotrope]
Nutritional Calorie
CAL_TH
cal_th
cal<sub>th</sub>
cal
0330
4.184
0.0
cal
Thermochemical Calorie
Thermochemical Calorie
CAD
124
2
Canada
Canadian Dollar
Canadian Dollar
CD
cd
cd
cd
0335
1.0
0.0
cd
CDL
Candela
Candela
cd/in^2
0340
1550.0031000062002
0.0
cd/in^2
Candela per Square Inch
Candela per Square Inch
cd/m^2
0345
1.0
0.0
cd/m^2
Candela per Square Meter
Candela per Square Meter
cd
0350
cd
Candle
Candle
cd
0355
cd
Candlepower
Candlepower
CVE
192
2
Cape Verde
Cape Verde Escudo
Cape Verde Escudo
Nm/ct
0360
2.0E-4
0.0
Nm/ct
Carat
Carat
KYD
136
2
Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands Dollar
Cayman Islands Dollar
GHS
936
2
Ghana
Cedi
Cedi
0.01
0.0
c
Centi
Centi
cm
2016
0.01
0.0
centimeter
cm
CMT
Centimeter
Centimeter
cmH2O
0365
98.0630016
0.0
cmH2O
Centimeter of Water
Centimeter of Water
0.01
0.0
cm/s
Centimeter per Second
Centimeter per Second
0.01
0.0
cm/s^2
Centimeter per Second Squared
Centimeter per Second Squared
cm-s-degC
2030
cm s °C
Centimeter Second Degree Celsius
Centimeter Second Degree Celsius
cP
0370
0.01
0.0
cP
C7
Centipoise
Centipoise
cSt
0375
0.01
0.0
cSt
4C
Centistokes
Centistokes
ch
0380
20.1168
0.0
ch
Chain
Chain
CLP
152
0
Chile
Chilean Peso
Chilean Peso
[CML_I]
[cml_i]
circ⋅mil
cmil
0385
cmil
Circular Mil
2020-08-19 Changed UCUM print symbol. [Allotrope]
Circular Mil
clo
0390
0.155
0.0
clo
J83
Clo
Clo
COP
170
0
Colombia
Colombian Peso
Colombian Peso
[CFU]
[CFU]
CFU
CFU
2405
CFU
Colony Forming Unit
Colony Forming Unit
KMF
174
0
Comoros
Comoro Franc
Comoro Franc
BAM
977
2
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Convertible Marks
Convertible Marks
[CR_I]
[cr_i]
C
0395
3.62
0.0
C
Cord
Cord
NIO
558
2
Nicaragua
Cordoba Oro
Cordoba Oro
CRC
188
2
Costa Rica
Costa Rican Colon
Costa Rican Colon
C
C
C
C
0400
1.0
0.0
C
COU
Coulomb
Coulomb
C m
0405
1.0
0.0
C m
Coulomb Meter
Coulomb Meter
C/m^3
0410
1.0
0.0
C m^-3
Coulomb per Cubic Meter
Coulomb per Cubic Meter
C/kg
0415
1.0
0.0
C/kg
CKG
Coulomb per Kilogram
Coulomb per Kilogram
C/m
2050
1.0
0.0
C/m
Coulomb per Meter
Coulomb per Meter
1.0
0.0
C/mol
A32
Coulomb per Mole
Coulomb per Mole
C/m^2
0420
1.0
0.0
C m^-2
Coulomb per Square Meter
Coulomb per Square Meter
C m^2
1.0
0.0
C m^2
Coulomb Square Meter
Coulomb Square Meter
HRK
191
2
Croatia
Croatian Kuna
Croatian Kuna
CUP
931
2
Cuba
Cuban Peso
Cuban Peso
cm^3
2028
1.0E-6
0.0
cm^3
Cubic Centimeter
Cubic Centimeter
C^3 m^3 J^-2
1.0
0.0
C^3 m^3 J^-2
Cubic Coulomb Meter per Square Joule
Cubic Coulomb Meter per Square Joule
[CFT_I]
[cft_i]
ft^3
0425
0.028316846592
0.0
ft^3
FTQ
Cubic Foot
Cubic Foot
ft^3/min
0430
4.719474432000001E-4
0.0
ft^3/min
2L
Cubic Foot per Minute
Cubic Foot per Minute
ft^3/s
0435
0.028316846592000004
0.0
ft^3/s
Cubic Foot per Second
Cubic Foot per Second
[CIN_I]
[cin_i]
in^3
0440
1.6387064E-5
0.0
in^3
INQ
Cubic Inch
Cubic Inch
in^3/min
0445
2.7311773333333333E-7
0.0
in^3/min
G57
Cubic Inch per Minute
Cubic Inch per Minute
1.0E9
0.0
km^3/s^2
Cubic Kilometer per Second Squared
Cubic Kilometer per Second Squared
m^3
0450
1.0
0.0
m^3
Cubic Meter
Cubic Meter
m^3/h
2010
2.777777777777778E-4
0.0
m^3/h
Cubic Meter per Hour
Cubic Meter per Hour
2060
1.0
0.0
m^3/K
Cubic Meter per Kelvin
Cubic Meter per Kelvin
m^3/kg
1.0
0.0
m^3/kg
Cubic Meter per Kilogram
Cubic Meter per Kilogram
m^3 kg^-1 s^-2
1.0
0.0
m^3 kg^-1 s^-2
Cubic Meter per Kilogram Second Squared
Cubic Meter per Kilogram Second Squared
m^3 mol^-1
1.0
0.0
m^3 mol^-1
Cubic Meter per Mole
Cubic Meter per Mole
m^3/s
0455
1.0
0.0
m^3/s
Cubic Meter per Second
Cubic Meter per Second
1.0
0.0
m^3/s^2
Cubic Meter per Second Squared
Cubic Meter per Second Squared
mi^3
0460
4.16818183E9
0.0
mi^3
Cubic Mile
Cubic Mile
mm^3
0453
1.0E-9
0.0
m^3
Cubic Millimeter
Cubic Millimeter
[CYD_I]
[cyd_i]
cu.yd
yd^3
0465
0.764554857984
0.0
yd^3
YDQ
Cubic Yard
Cubic Yard
yd^3/min
0470
0.0127425809664
0.0
yd^3/min
M15
Cubic Yard per Minute
Cubic Yard per Minute
CI
Ci
Ci
Ci
0480
3.7E10
0.0
Ci
CUR
Curie
Curie
CYP
132
2
Cyprus
Cyprus Pound
Cyprus Pound
CZK
203
2
Czech Republic
Czech Koruna
Czech Koruna
GMD
270
2
Gambia
Dalasi
Dalasi
Da
0485
1.6609021E-27
0.0
The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: u) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state,[1] and has a value of 1.660538782(83)×10−27 kg.[2] One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally".[1] [Wikipedia]
Da
Dalton
Dalton
u
1.66053878283E-30
0.0
The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: u) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state,[1] and has a value of 1.660538782(83)×10−27 kg.[2] One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally".[1] [Wikipedia]
u
Atomic mass unit
Atomic mass unit
DKK
208
2
Denmark, Faroe Islands, Greenland
Danish Krone
Danish Krone
D
d
d
d
0490
86400.0
0.0
Mean solar day
d
DAY
Day
Day
d
0495
d
Day Sidereal
Day Sidereal
D
0500
3.33564E-30
0.0
D
Debye
Debye
10.0
0.0
da
Deca
Deca
0.1
0.0
d
Deci
Deci
dB
0505
dB
2N
Decibel
Decibel
dBc
2520
dBc
Decibel Carrier Unit
Decibel Carrier Unit
dBm
2500
dBm
Decibel Referred to 1mw
Decibel Referred to 1mw
decimeter
0.1
0.0
decimeter
DMT
Decimeter
Decimeter
DEG
deg
°
deg
0510
0.0174532925
0.0
degree [unit of angle]
°
DD
Degree Angle
Degree Angle
CEL
Cel
°C
degC
0515
1.0
273.15
degC
CEL
Degree Celsius
Degree Celsius
cm-degC
2008
cm-degC
Degree Celsius Centimeter
Degree Celsius Centimeter
degC / hr
°C/h
H12
Degree Celsius per Hour
Degree Celsius per Hour
degC / m
°C/min
H13
Degree Celsius per Minute
Degree Celsius per Minute
degC / s
°C/s
H14
Degree Celsius per Second
Degree Celsius per Second
DegC
0520
°C
Degree Centigrade
Degree Centigrade
[DEGF]
[degF]
°F
degF
0525
0.5555555555555556
255.37037037037038
°F
FAH
Degree Fahrenheit
Degree Fahrenheit
degF-hr
0530
°F h
Degree Fahrenheit Hour
Degree Fahrenheit Hour
degF-hr/Btu
0535
°F h/Btu
Degree Fahrenheit Hour per BTU
Degree Fahrenheit Hour per BTU
degF / h
°F/h
J23
Degree Fahrenheit per Hour
Degree Fahrenheit per Hour
degF / m
°F/m
J24
Degree Fahrenheit per Minute
Degree Fahrenheit per Minute
degF / s
°F/s
J25
Degree Fahrenheit per Second
Degree Fahrenheit per Second
deg/h
2181
4.84813681E-6
0.0
°/h
Degree per Hour
Degree per Hour
2.90888209E-4
0.0
°/min
Degree per Minute
Degree per Minute
deg/s
2180
0.0174532925
0.0
°/s
E96
Degree per Second
Degree per Second
deg/(s^2)
2170
0.0174532925
0.0
° s^-2
Degree per Second Squared
Degree per Second Squared
[degR]
[degR]
°R
degR
0545
0.5555555555555556
0.0
°R
A48
Degree Rankine
Degree Rankine
degR / h
°R/h
J28
Degree Rankine per Hour
Degree Rankine per Hour
degR / m
°R/m
J29
Degree Rankine per Minute
Degree Rankine per Minute
degR / s
°R/s
J30
Degree Rankine per Second
Degree Rankine per Second
MKD
807
2
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Denar
Denar
[DEN]
[den]
den
0550
1.1E-7
0.0
Denier
Denier
[DIOP]
[diop]
dpt
D
2064
1.0
0.0
A dioptre, or diopter, is a unit of measurement of the optical power of a lens or curved mirror, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in metres (that is, 1/metres). For example, a 3 dioptre lens brings parallel rays of light to focus at 1/3 metre. The same unit is also sometimes used for other reciprocals of distance, particularly radii of curvature and the vergence of optical beams.
Though the diopter is based on the SI-metric system it has not been included in the standard so that there is no international name or abbreviation for this unit of measurement—within the international system of units this unit for optical power would need to be specified explicitly as the inverse metre. [Wikipedia]
D
Diopter
Diopter
DJF
262
0
Djibouti
Djibouti Franc
Djibouti Franc
STD
678
0
S�o Tom� and Pr�ncipe
Dobra
Dobra
DOP
214
2
Dominican Republic
Dominican Peso
Dominican Peso
dry_gal
0.0440488377
0.0
dry_gal
Dry Gallon US
Dry Gallon US
[DPT_US]
[dpt_us]
dry_pt
1370
0.00550610471
0.0
dry_pt
US Dry Pint
US Dry Pint
[DQT_US]
[dqt_us]
dry_qt
1540
0.00110122094
0.0
dry_qt
US Dry Quart
US Dry Quart
DYN
dyn
dyn
dyn
0560
1.0E-5
0.0
dyn
DU
Dyne
Dyne
dyn-cm
0565
1.0E-7
0.0
dyn cm
Dyne Centimeter
Dyne Centimeter
dyn/cm^2
0570
0.1
0.0
dyn/cm^2
Dyne per Square Centimeter
Dyne per Square Centimeter
XCD
951
2
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
East Caribbean Dollar
East Caribbean Dollar
EGP
818
2
Egypt
Egyptian Pound
Egyptian Pound
EV
eV
eV
eV
0575
1.6021765314E-19
0.0
eV
Electron Volt
Electron Volt
eV K^-1
1.6021765314E-19
0.0
eV/K
Electron Volt per Kelvin
Electron Volt per Kelvin
eV T^-1
1.6021765314E-19
0.0
eV/T
Electron Volt per Tesla
Electron Volt per Tesla
eV s
1.6021765314E-19
0.0
eV s
Electron Volt Second
Electron Volt Second
ERG
erg
erg
erg
0580
1.0E-7
0.0
erg
A57
Erg
Erg
2018
0.1
0.0
erg/cm^3
Erg per Cubic Centimeter
Erg per Cubic Centimeter
1.0E-4
0.0
A61
Erg per Gram
Erg per Gram
erg/s
0585
1.0E-7
0.0
erg/s
A63
Erg per Second
Erg per Second
erg/(cm^2-s)
0590
0.001
0.0
erg/(cm^2 s)
Erg per Square Centimeter Second
Erg per Square Centimeter Second
1.0E-7
0.0
erg s
Erg Second
Erg Second
ETB
230
2
Ethiopia
Ethiopian Birr
Ethiopian Birr
EUR
978
2
European Union, see eurozone
€
Euro
Euro
XBA
955
Bonds market unit
European Composite Unit (EURCO) (Bonds market unit)
European Composite Unit (EURCO) (Bonds market unit)
XBB
956
Bonds market unit
European Monetary Unit (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit)
European Monetary Unit (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit)
XBD
958
Bonds market unit
European Unit of Account 17 (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit)
European Unit of Account 17 (E.U.A.-17) (Bonds market unit)
XBC
957
Bonds market unit
European Unit of Account 9 (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit)
European Unit of Account 9 (E.U.A.-9) (Bonds market unit)
1.0E18
0.0
E
Exa
Exa
1.52921504606846976E17
0.0
Ei
Exbi
Exbi
FKP
238
2
Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands Pound
Falkland Islands Pound
F
F
F
F
0595
1.0
0.0
F
FAR
Farad
Farad
F/m
0605
1.0
0.0
F/m
Farad per Meter
Farad per Meter
F
0600
96485.3399
0.0
F
Faraday
Faraday
[FTH_I]
[fth_i]
fth
fath
0610
1.8288
0.0
fath
AK
Fathom
Fathom
1.0E-15
0.0
f
Femto
Femto
fm
1.0E-15
0.0
fm
Femtometer
Femtometer
fm
0615
1.0E-15
0.0
fm
Fermi
Fermi
FJD
242
2
Fiji
Fiji Dollar
Fiji Dollar
flight
0620
flight
Flight
Flight
[FT_I]
[ft_i]
ft
ft
0625
0.3048
0.0
ft
FOT
Foot
Foot
fc
0630
fc
Foot Candle
Foot Candle
ft-L
0635
3.4262591
0.0
ft L
Foot Lambert
Foot Lambert
ftH2O
0640
ftH2O
K24
Foot of Water
Foot of Water
ft/hr
0645
8.466666666666667E-5
0.0
ft/h
K14
Foot per Hour
Foot per Hour
ft/min
0650
0.00508
0.0
ft/min
FR
Foot per Minute
Foot per Minute
ft/s
0655
0.3048
0.0
ft/s
FS
Foot per Second
Foot per Second
ft/s^2
0660
0.3048
0.0
ft/s^2
A73
Foot per Second Squared
Foot per Second Squared
ft-lbf
0670
1.35581807
0.0
ft lbf
Foot Pound Force
Foot Pound Force
ft-lbf/hr
0675
0.00376616129
0.0
ft lbf/h
Foot Pound Force per Hour
Foot Pound Force per Hour
ft-lbf/min
0680
0.0225969678
0.0
ft lbf/min
Foot Pound Force per Minute
Foot Pound Force per Minute
ft-lbf/s
0685
1.35581807
0.0
ft lbf/s
Foot Pound Force per Second
Foot Pound Force per Second
ft-lbf/ft^2
0690
14.5939042
0.0
ft lbf/ft^2
Foot Pound per Square Foot
Foot Pound per Square Foot
ft-lbf/(ft^2 s)
0695
14.5939042
0.0
ft lbf/(ft^2 s)
Foot Pound Force per Square Foot Second
Foot Pound Force per Square Foot Second
ft-lbf/m^2
ft lbf/m^2
Foot Pound Force per Square Meter
Foot Pound Force per Square Meter
lbf / s
lbf/s
Foot Pound Force Second
Foot Pound Force Second
ft-pdl
0665
0.042140124
0.0
ft-pdl
Foot Poundal
Foot Poundal
ftUS
0.3048006
0.0
ft
US Survey Foot
US Survey Foot
HUF
348
0
Hungary
Forint
Forint
fa
12.5663706
0.0
fa
Fractional area
Fractional area
fps
3000
fps
Frame per Second
Frame per Second
CDF
976
2
Democratic Republic of Congo
Franc Congolais
Franc Congolais
Fr
0700
Fr
Franklin
Franklin
[FUR_US]
[fur_us]
fur
0381
201.168
0.0
fur
Furlong
Furlong
GL
Gal
Gal
Gal
0705
Gal
A76
Gal
Gal
galIMP
0710
0.00454609
0.0
gal
Imperial Gallon
Imperial Gallon
[GAL_US]
[gal_us]
galUS
0725
0.003785412
0.0
gal
US Gallon
US Gallon
gal/d
0715
4.38126389E-8
0.0
gal/d
US Gallon per Day
US Gallon per Day
gal/min
0720
6.30902E-5
0.0
gal/min
G2
US Gallon per Minute
US Gallon per Minute
gamma
0730
gamma
Gamma
Gamma
GS
G
Gs
G
0735
1.0E-4
0.0
G
Gauss
Gauss
1.073741824E9
0.0
Gi
Gibi
Gibi
GIP
292
2
Gibraltar
Gibraltar pound
Gibraltar pound
1.0E9
0.0
G
Giga
Giga
GeV
2422
1.6021765314E-10
0.0
GeV
Giga Electron Volt
Giga Electron Volt
GHz
3035
1.0E9
0.0
GHz
A86
Gigahertz
Gigahertz
GB
Gb
Gb
Gi
0740
0.795774715
0.0
The fundamental unit of magnetomotive force (mmf) in electromagnetic units is called a Gilbert. It is the mmf which will produce a magnetic field strength of one Gauss (Maxwell per Square Centimeter) in a path one centimeter long.
Gi
Gilbert
Gilbert
XAU
959
Gold (one Troy ounce)
Gold (one Troy ounce)
XFO
Bank for International Settlements
Gold franc (special settlement currency)
Gold franc (special settlement currency)
gon
0750
0.015707963267949
0.0
gon
gon
A91
Gon
Gon
grad
0755
0.0157079633
0.0
grad
A91
Grad
Grad
GON
gon
□<sup>g</sup>
gr
0760
the tangent of an angle of inclination multiplied by 100
gr
A91
Grade
Grade
[GR]
[gr]
gr
0765
6.479891E-5
0.0
gr
GRN
Grain
Grain
gr/gal
0770
0.0142537675
0.0
gr/gal
Grain per Gallon
Grain per Gallon
G
g
g
g
0970
0.001
0.0
g
GRM
Gram
Gram
g-degC
2020
g °C
Gram Degree Celsius
Gram Degree Celsius
G
2100
9.80665
0.0
G
Gravity
Gravity
GY
Gy
Gy
Gy
0775
1.0
0.0
Gy
A95
Gray
Gray
Gy/s
0780
1.0
0.0
Gy/s
A96
Gray per Second
Gray per Second
PYG
600
0
Paraguay
Guarani
Guarani
GNF
324
0
Guinea
Guinea Franc
Guinea Franc
GYD
328
2
Guyana
Guyana Dollar
Guyana Dollar
HTG
332
2
Haiti
Haiti Gourde
Haiti Gourde
E_h
4.35974394E-18
0.0
A hartree (symbol E_h) is the atomic unit of energy. The hartree energy is equal to the absolute value of the electric potential energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state.
E_h
Hartree
Hartree
2054
Heart Beat
Heart Beat
BPM
2335
BPM
Heart Beat per Minute
Heart Beat per Minute
ha
0785
10000.0
0.0
ha
HAR
Hectare
Hectare
100.0
0.0
h
Hecto
Hecto
H
H
H
H
0790
1.0
0.0
H
81
Henry
Henry
H/m
0795
1.0
0.0
H/m
Henry per Meter
Henry per Meter
HZ
Hz
Hz
Hz
3020
1.0
0.0
Hz
HTZ
Hertz
Hertz
Hz K^-1
1.0
0.0
Hz/K
Hertz per Kelvin
Hertz per Kelvin
Hz T^-1
1.0
0.0
Hz/T
Hertz per Tesla
Hertz per Tesla
Hz V^-1
1.0
0.0
Hz/V
Hertz per Volt
Hertz per Volt
HKD
344
1
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Hong Kong Dollar
Hong Kong Dollar
[HP]
[HP]
HP
0805
745.6999
0.0
550 foot-pound force per second
HP
Horsepower
Horsepower
hp/boiler
0810
hp/boiler
Horsepower Boiler
Horsepower Boiler
hp/V
0815
hp/V
Horsepower Electric
Horsepower Electric
hp/m
0820
hp/m
Horsepower Metric
Horsepower Metric
hp/H2O
0825
hp/H2O
Horsepower Water
Horsepower Water
HR
h
h
hr
0830
3600.0
0.0
h
HUR
Hour
Hour
hr
0835
hr
Hour Sidereal
Hour Sidereal
hr-ft^2
0840
334.450944
0.0
h ft^2
Hour Square Foot
Hour Square Foot
UAH
980
2
Ukraine
Hryvnia
Hryvnia
[LCWT_AV]
[lcwt_av]
cwt
0850
cwt
Hundred Weight - Long
Hundred Weight - Long
[SCWT_AV]
[scwt_av]
cwt
0855
45.359237
0.0
cwt
Hundred Weight - Short
Hundred Weight - Short
ISK
352
0
Iceland
Iceland Krona
Iceland Krona
[IN_I]
[in_i]
in
in
0860
0.0254
0.0
in
INH
Inch
Inch
[IN_I'HG]
[in_i'Hg]
in Hg
inHg
0865
3386.389
0.0
inHg
F79
Inch of Mercury
Inch of Mercury
[IN_I'H2O]
[in_i'H2O]
in H<sub><r>2</r></sub>O
inAq
0870
249.080024
0.0
inAq
F78
Inch of Water
Inch of Water
2066
0.0254
0.0
IU
Inch per Second
Inch per Second
in/s^2
1111
0.0254
0.0
in/s^2
IV
Inch per Second Squared
Inch per Second Squared
in-lbf
16.2698168
0.0
in lbf
Inch Pound Force
Inch Pound Force
INR
356
2
Bhutan, India
Indian Rupee
Indian Rupee
[IU]
[iU]
IU
IU
2062
IU
International Unit
International Unit
IU/L
2515
IU/L
International Unit per Liter
International Unit per Liter
IRR
364
0
Iran
Iranian Rial
Iranian Rial
IQD
368
0
Iraq
Iraqi Dinar
Iraqi Dinar
JMD
388
2
Jamaica
Jamaican Dollar
Jamaican Dollar
JPY
392
0
Japan
Japanese yen
Japanese yen
JOD
400
3
Jordan
Jordanian Dinar
Jordanian Dinar
J
J
J
J
0885
1.0
0.0
J
JOU
Joule
Joule
J m mol^-1
1.0
0.0
J m mol^-1
Joule Meter per Mole
Joule Meter per Mole
J/m^3
0890
1.0
0.0
J/m^3
Joule per Cubic Meter
Joule per Cubic Meter
J/(m^3 K)
1.0
0.0
J/(m^3 K)
Joule per Cubic Meter Kelvin
Joule per Cubic Meter Kelvin
J/K
1.0
0.0
J/K
JE
Joule per Kelvin
Joule per Kelvin
J/kg
0900
1.0
0.0
J/kg
J2
Joule per Kilogram
Joule per Kilogram
J/(kg-K)
0905
1.0
0.0
J/(kg K)
B11
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin
2032
1.0
0.0
J/(kg K m^3)
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin per Cubic Meter
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin per Cubic Meter
2034
1.0
0.0
J/(kg K Pa)
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin per Pascal
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin per Pascal
J/mol
0910
1.0
0.0
J/mol
B15
Joule per Mole
Joule per Mole
J/(mol-K)
0915
1.0
0.0
J mol^-1 K^-1
B16
Joule per Mole Kelvin
Joule per Mole Kelvin
J/m^2
0920
1.0
0.0
J/m^2
Joule per Square Meter
Joule per Square Meter
J T^-2
1.0
0.0
J T^-2
Joule per Square Tesla
Joule per Square Tesla
1.0
0.0
J/T
Joule per Tesla
Joule per Tesla
J s
2036
1.0
0.0
J s
B18
Joule Second
Joule Second
J s mol^-1
1.0
0.0
J s mol^-1
Joule Second per Mole
Joule Second per Mole
KAT
kat
kat
kat
0925
1.0
0.0
kat
KAT
Katal
Katal
K
K
K
K
0930
1.0
0.0
K
KEL
Kelvin
Kelvin
K / h
3600.0
0.0
K/h
F10
Kelvin per Hour
Kelvin per Hour
K / m
60.0
0.0
K/m
F11
Kelvin per Minute
Kelvin per Minute
K / s
1.0
0.0
K/s
F12
Kelvin per Second
Kelvin per Second
K T^-1
1.0
0.0
K/T
Kelvin per Tesla
Kelvin per Tesla
K/W
0945
1.0
0.0
K/W
B21
Kelvin per Watt
Kelvin per Watt
KES
404
2
Kenya
Kenyan Shilling
Kenyan Shilling
1024.0
0.0
Ki
Kibi
Kibi
1000.0
0.0
k
Kilo
Kilo
keV
2420
1.6021765314E-16
0.0
keV
Kilo Electron Volt
Kilo Electron Volt
keV/microM
2370
1.60217653E-10
0.0
keV/µm
Kilo Electron Volt per Micrometer
Kilo Electron Volt per Micrometer
KHz
3025
1000.0
0.0
kHz
KHZ
Kilohertz
Kilohertz
KPa
2040
1000.0
0.0
kPa
KPA
Kilopascal
Kilopascal
KPaA
2052
1.0
0.0
kPaA
Kilopascal Absolute
Kilopascal Absolute
kp
1020
9.80665
0.0
Same as kilogramForce
kp
B51
Kilopond
Kilopond
kbps
3010
kbps
Kilobit per Second
Kilobit per Second
kcal
0965
4184.0
0.0
kcal
Kilocalorie
Kilocalorie
cal/(cm-s-degC)
0270
cal/(cm s °C)
Calorie per Centimeter Second Degree Celsius
Calorie per Centimeter Second Degree Celsius
kcal/gm
0275
4184000.0
0.0
kcal/g
Kilocalorie per Gram
Kilocalorie per Gram
kcal/(gm-degC)
0280
kcal/(g °C)
Calorie per Gram Degree Celsius
Calorie per Gram Degree Celsius
kcal/min
0290
69.7333333
0.0
kcal/min
Kilocalorie per Minute
Kilocalorie per Minute
kcal/mol
0295
kcal/mol
Kilocalorie per Mole
Kilocalorie per Mole
kcal/(mol-degC)
0300
kcal/(mol °C)
Kilocalorie per Mole Degree Celsius
Kilocalorie per Mole Degree Celsius
kcal/s
0305
4184.0
0.0
kcal/s
Kilocalorie per Second
Kilocalorie per Second
kcal/cm^2
0310
4.184E-7
0.0
kcal/cm^2
Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter
Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter
kcal/(cm^2-min)
0315
6.97333333E-5
0.0
kcal/(cm^2 min)
Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter Minute
Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter Minute
kcal/(cm^2-s)
0320
4.184E-7
0.0
kcal/(cm^2 s)
Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter Second
Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter Second
kg
0971
1.0
0.0
kg
KGM
Kilogram
Kilogram
kgf
0975
9.80665
0.0
kgf
Kilogram Force
Kilogram Force
kgf-m
0980
9.80665
0.0
kgf m
Kilogram Force Meter
Kilogram Force Meter
kgf/cm^2
0985
98066.5
0.0
kgf/cm^2
Kilogram Force per Square Centimeter
Kilogram Force per Square Centimeter
kg-K
0990
1.0
0.0
kg K
Kilogram Kelvin
Kilogram Kelvin
kg-m/s
2058
1.0
0.0
kg m s^-1
Kilogram Meter Per Second
Kilogram Meter Per Second
kg-m^2
2014
1.0
0.0
kg m^2
Kilogram Meter Squared
Kilogram Meter Squared
kg/m^3
0995
1.0
0.0
kg/m^3
Kilogram per Cubic Meter
Kilogram per Cubic Meter
kg/h
2056
2.77777778E-4
0.0
kg/h
E93
Kilogram per Hour
Kilogram per Hour
kg/m
1000
1.0
0.0
kg/m
Kilogram per Meter
Kilogram per Meter
kg mol^-1
1.0
0.0
kg mol^-1
D74
Kilogram per Mole
Kilogram per Mole
kg/s
1005
1.0
0.0
kg/s
KGS
Kilogram per Second
Kilogram per Second
kg/m^2
1010
1.0
0.0
kg/m^2
Kilogram per Square Meter
Kilogram per Square Meter
1.0
0.0
kg s^2
Kilogram Second Squared
Kilogram Second Squared
km
1091
1000.0
0.0
km
Kilometer
Kilometer
km/hr
1015
0.2777777777777778
0.0
km/h
Kilometer per Hour
Kilometer per Hour
km/s
1106
1000.0
0.0
km/s
Kilometer per Second
Kilometer per Second
kW
1030
1000.0
0.0
kW
KWT
Kilowatt
Kilowatt
kW-hr
1035
3600000.0
0.0
kW h
Kilowatthour
Kilowatthour
PGK
598
2
Papua New Guinea
Kina
Kina
kip
1040
4448.222
0.0
1000 pound-force
kip
Kip
Kip
kip/in^2
1045
6894757.89
0.0
kip/in^2
Kip per Square Inch
Kip per Square Inch
[KN_I]
[kn_i]
knot
kn
1050
0.5144444444444445
0.0
kn
KNT
Knot
Knot
kt/s
2115
0.5144444444444445
0.0
kt/s
Knot per Second
Knot per Second
EEK
233
2
Estonia
Kroon
Kroon
KWD
414
3
Kuwait
Kuwaiti Dinar
Kuwaiti Dinar
AOA
973
1
Angola
Kwanza
Kwanza
MMK
104
0
Myanmar
Kyat
Kyat
LMB
Lmb
L
L
1055
3183.09886
0.0
L
Lambert
Lambert
LAK
418
0
Laos
₭
Laos kip
Laos kip
GEL
981
2
Georgia
Lari
Lari
LVL
428
2
Latvia
Latvian Lats
Latvian Lats
1060
Launch
Launch
LBP
422
0
Lebanon
Lebanese Pound
Lebanese Pound
ALL
008
2
Albania
Lek
Lek
HNL
340
2
Honduras
Lempira
Lempira
SLL
694
0
Sierra Leone
Leone
Leone
LRD
430
2
Liberia
Liberian Dollar
Liberian Dollar
LYD
434
3
Libya
Libyan Dinar
Libyan Dinar
[LY]
[ly]
l.y.
ly
1065
9.4607304725808E15
0.0
A unit of length defining the distance, in meters, that light travels in a vacuum in one year.
lightyear
ly
B57
Light Year
Light Year
SZL
748
2
Swaziland
Lilangeni
Lilangeni
[CUP_US]
[cup_us]
cup
0475
0.0023658825
0.0
cup
US Liquid Cup
US Liquid Cup
[FOZ_US]
[foz_us]
oz fl
oz
1320
2.95735296E-5
0.0
oz
US Liquid Ounce
US Liquid Ounce
[PT_US]
[pt_us]
pt
1375
0.004731765
0.0
pt
US Liquid Pint
US Liquid Pint
[QT_US]
[qt_us]
qt
1545
0.00946353
0.0
qt
US Liquid Quart
US Liquid Quart
L
l
l
L
1070
0.001
0.0
L
Liter
Liter
LTL
440
2
Lithuania
Lithuanian Litas
Lithuanian Litas
LSL
426
2
Lesotho
Loti
Loti
LM
lm
lm
lm
1075
1.0
0.0
lm
LUM
Lumen
Lumen
1.0
0.0
B61
Lumen per Watt
Lumen per Watt
lm s
B62
Lumen Second
Lumen Second
LX
lx
lx
lx
1080
1.0
0.0
lx
LUX
Lux
Lux
Mach
Mach
MGA
969
0
Madagascar
Malagasy Ariary
Malagasy Ariary
MWK
894
2
Malawi
Malawi Kwacha
Malawi Kwacha
MYR
458
2
Malaysia
Malaysian Ringgit
Malaysian Ringgit
MTL
Malta
Maltese Lira
Maltese Lira
TMM
934
2
Turkmenistan
Manat
Manat
MUR
480
2
Mauritius
Mauritius Rupee
Mauritius Rupee
MX
Mx
Mx
Mx
1085
1.0E-8
0.0
Mx
Maxwell
Maxwell
1048576.0
0.0
Mi
Mebi
Mebi
1000000.0
0.0
M
Mega
Mega
MeV
2421
1.6021765314E-13
0.0
MeV
Mega Electron Volt
Mega Electron Volt
MeV fm
1.60217653E-28
0.0
MeV fm
Mega Electron Volt Femtometer
Mega Electron Volt Femtometer
MeV/cm
2371
1.6021765314E-11
0.0
MeV/cm
Mega Electron Volt per Centimeter
Mega Electron Volt per Centimeter
MeV/c
MeV/c
Mega Electron Volt per Speed of Light
Mega Electron Volt per Speed of Light
MHz
3030
1000000.0
0.0
MHz
MHZ
Megahertz
Megahertz
MHz K^-1
1000000.0
0.0
MHz K^-1
Mega Hertz per Kelvin
Mega Hertz per Kelvin
MHz T^-1
1000000.0
0.0
MHz T^-1
Mega Hertz per Tesla
Mega Hertz per Tesla
mbps
3015
mbps
Megabit per Second
Megabit per Second
M
m
m
m
1090
1.0
0.0
m
MTR
Meter
Meter
M.K
m.K
m·K
m K
1095
1.0
0.0
m K
Meter Kelvin
Meter Kelvin
M.K/W
m.K/W
m·K/W
K-m/W
0940
1.0
0.0
K-m/W
Meter Kelvin per Watt
Meter Kelvin per Watt
M.KG
m.kg
m·kg
m-kg
1100
1.0
0.0
m-kg
Meter Kilogram
Meter Kilogram
M/F
m/F
m/F
1.0
0.0
m/F
Meter per Farad
Meter per Farad
M/H
m/h
m/h
m/h
2.77777778E-4
0.0
m h^-1
Meter per Hour
Meter per Hour
M/K
m/K
m/K
2044
1.0
0.0
m/K
Meter per Kelvin
Meter per Kelvin
M/MIN
m/min
m/min
m/min
0.0166666667
0.0
m min^-1
Meter per Minute
Meter per Minute
M/S
m/s
m/s
m/s
1105
1.0
0.0
m s^-1
Meter per Second
Meter per Second
M/S2
m/s2
m/s<sup>2</sup>
m/s^2
1110
1.0
0.0
m s^-2
Meter per Second Squared
Meter per Second Squared
MZN
943
2
Mozambique
Metical
Metical
TNE
t
t
mT
1115
1000.0
0.0
Also called tonne
mT
Metric Ton
Metric Ton
MXN
484
2
Mexico
Mexican Peso
Mexican Peso
MXV
979
2
Mexico
Mexican Unidad de Inversion (UDI) (Funds code)
Mexican Unidad de Inversion (UDI) (Funds code)
MHO
mho
mho
mho
1120
mho
NQ
Mho
Mho
1.0E-6
0.0
µ
Micro
Micro
microF
2655
1.0E-6
0.0
microF
4O
Microfarad
Microfarad
microH
2675
1.0E-6
0.0
µH
B90
Microhenry
in^-6
1125
2.54E-8
0.0
µin
Microinch
Microinch
microsec
1617
1.0E-6
0.0
µs
B98
Microsecond
µtorr
2026
1.33322E-4
0.0
µtorr
MicroTorr
microG
2110
9.80665E-6
0.0
µG
Microgravity
Microgravity
µm
2012
1.0E-6
0.0
micrometer (micron)
µm
4H
Micrometer
mil
1135
4.90873852E-4
0.0
The Mil unit of plane angle, as defined by NATO to be 1/6400 of a circle.
mil
Mil Angle (NATO)
Mil Angle (NATO)
[MIL_I]
[mil_i]
mil
mil
1165
mil
Mil Length
Mil Length
[MI_I]
[mi_i]
mi
miINT
1140
1609.344
0.0
mi
Mile - International Standard
Mile - International Standard
mi/hr
1150
0.44704
0.0
mi/hr
HM
Mile per Hour
Mile per Hour
mi/min
1155
26.8224
0.0
mi/min
Mile per Minute
Mile per Minute
miUS
1160
1609.347
0.0
mi
Mile US Statute
Mile US Statute
0.001
0.0
m
Milli
milliH
2670
0.001
0.0
mH
C14
Millihenry
Millihenry
ms
1616
0.001
0.0
ms
C26
Millisecond
Millisecond
utorr
2046
0.133322
0.0
mtorr
MilliTorr
MilliTorr
mbar
1170
100.0
0.0
mbar
MBR
Millibar
Millibar
mG
2105
0.00980665
0.0
mG
Milligravity
Milligravity
m^-3
1093
0.001
0.0
mm
Millimeter
Millimeter
mmHg
1175
86014.2806
0.0
The millimeter of mercury is defined as the pressure exerted at the base of a column of fluid exactly 1 mm high, when the density of the fluid is exactly 13.5951 g/cm3, at a place where the acceleration of gravity is exactly 9.80665 m/s^2.
mmHg
Millimeter of Mercury
Millimeter of Mercury
mmHgA
2002
Millimeters of Mercury inclusive of atmospheric pressure
mmHgA
Millimeter of Mercury - Absolute
Millimeter of Mercury - Absolute
M$/Flight
1185
M$/Flight
Million US Dollars per Flight
Million US Dollars per Flight
M$/yr
1190
M$/yr
Million US Dollars per Year
Million US Dollars per Year
Million USD
1180
1000000.0
0.0
Million US Dollars
Million US Dollars
2.908882E-4
0.0
minute [unit of angle]
'
D61
Minute Angle
Minute Angle
min
1200
min
Minute Sidereal
Minute Sidereal
MIN
min
min
min
1205
60.0
0.0
min
Minute Time
Minute Time
MDL
498
2
Moldova
Moldovan Leu
Moldovan Leu
MOL
mol
mol
mol
1210
1.0
0.0
mol
C34
Mole
Mole
mol-degC
2004
mol-degC
Mole Degree Celsius
Mole Degree Celsius
mol-K
1215
1.0
0.0
mol K
Mole Kelvin
Mole Kelvin
mol/m^3
1220
1.0
0.0
mol/m^3
Mole per Cubic Meter
Mole per Cubic Meter
1.0
0.0
mol/kg
C19
Mole per Kilogram
Mole per Kilogram
MAD
504
2
Morocco, Western Sahara
Moroccan Dirham
Moroccan Dirham
NGN
566
2
Nigeria
Naira
Naira
ERN
232
2
Eritrea
Nakfa
Nakfa
NAD
516
2
Namibia
Namibian Dollar
Namibian Dollar
1.0E-9
0.0
n
Nano
Nano
nF
2660
1.0E-9
0.0
nF
C41
Nanofarad
Nanofarad
1.0
0.0
A nat is a logarithmic unit of information or entropy, based on natural logarithms and powers of e, rather than the powers of 2 and base 2 logarithms which define the bit. The nat is the natural unit for information entropy. Physical systems of natural units which normalize Boltzmann's constant to 1 are effectively measuring thermodynamic entropy in nats.
nat
Nat
Nat
[NMI_I]
[nmi_i]
n⋅mi
nmi
1145
1852.0
0.0
nautical mile
n mile
NMI
Nautical Mile
2020-08-19 Changed UCUM print symbol. [Allotrope]
Nautical Mile
nmi/hr
nmi/hr
Nautical Mile per Hour
Nautical Mile per Hour
nmi/min
nmi/min
Nautical Mile per Minute
Nautical Mile per Minute
NPR
524
2
Nepal
Nepalese Rupee
Nepalese Rupee
NTU
2560
NTU
Nephelometry Turbidity Unit
Nephelometry Turbidity Unit
ANG
532
2
Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands Antillian Guilder
Netherlands Antillian Guilder
ILS
376
2
Israel
New Israeli Shekel
New Israeli Shekel
TWD
901
1
Taiwan and other islands that are under the effective control of the Republic of China (ROC)
New Taiwan Dollar
New Taiwan Dollar
TRY
949
2
Turkey
New Turkish Lira
New Turkish Lira
NZD
554
2
Cook Islands, New Zealand, Niue, Pitcairn, Tokelau
New Zealand Dollar
New Zealand Dollar
N
N
N
N
1225
1.0
0.0
N
NEW
Newton
Newton
N-m
1230
1.0
0.0
N m
Newton Meter
Newton Meter
N/C
1235
1.0
0.0
N/C
Newton per Coulomb
Newton per Coulomb
N/kg
1240
1.0
0.0
N/kg
Newton per Kilogram
Newton per Kilogram
N/m
1245
1.0
0.0
N/m
Newton per Meter
Newton per Meter
BTN
064
2
Bhutan
Ngultrum
Ngultrum
KPW
408
0
North Korea
North Korean Won
North Korean Won
NOK
578
2
Norway
Norwegian Krone
Norwegian Krone
PEN
604
2
Peru
Nuevo Sol
Nuevo Sol
#
1250
#
Number
Number
#/yr
1255
#/yr
Number per Year
Number per Year
OE
Oe
Oe
Oe
1260
79.5774715
0.0
Oe
Oersted
Oersted
Oe-cm
1265
0.795774715
0.0
Oe cm
Oersted Centimeter
Oersted Centimeter
OHM
Ohm
Ω
Ohm
1270
1.0
0.0
Ω
OHM
Ohm
Ohm
OMR
512
3
Oman
Rial Omani
Rial Omani
MRO
478
0
Mauritania
Ouguiya
Ouguiya
ozf
1280
0.278013875
0.0
ozf
Ounce Force
Ounce Force
ozf-in
1285
0.0706155243
0.0
ozf in
Ounce Force Inch
Ounce Force Inch
[OZ_M]
[oz_m]
oz
1290
2.84130625E-5
0.0
oz
Imperial Ounce
Imperial Ounce
[OZ_AV]
[oz_av]
oz
ozm
1275
0.028349523125
0.0
An ounce of mass is 1/16th of a pound of mass, based on the international standard definition of the pound as exactly 0.45359237 kg.
ozm
Ounce Mass
Ounce Mass
oz/in^3
1295
1729.99404
0.0
oz/in^3
Ounce per Cubic Inch
Ounce per Cubic Inch
oz/gal
1300
6.23602329
0.0
oz/gal
Ounce per Gallon
Ounce per Gallon
oz/ft^2
1305
0.305151727
0.0
oz/ft^2
37
Ounce per Square Foot
Ounce per Square Foot
oz/yd^2
1310
0.0339057474748823
0.0
oz/yd^2
ON
Ounce per Square Yard
Ounce per Square Yard
[OZ_TR]
[oz_tr]
oz
1315
0.0311034768
0.0
An obsolete unit of mass; the Troy Ounce is 1/12th of a Troy Pound. Based on the international definition of a Troy Pound as 5760 grains, the Troy Ounce is exactly 480 grains, or 0.0311034768 kg.
oz
Ounce Troy
Ounce Troy
TOP
776
2
Tonga
Pa'anga
Pa'anga
PKR
586
2
Pakistan
Pakistan Rupee
Pakistan Rupee
XPD
964
Palladium (one Troy ounce)
Palladium (one Troy ounce)
PRS
pc
pc
parsec
3.085678E16
0.0
The parsec (parallax of one arcsecond; symbol: pc) is a unit of length, equal to just under 31 trillion (31×1012) kilometres (about 19 trillion miles), 206265 AU, or about 3.26 light-years. The parsec measurement unit is used in astronomy. It is defined as the length of the adjacent side of an imaginary right triangle in space. The two dimensions that specify this triangle are the parallax angle (defined as 1 arcsecond) and the opposite side (defined as 1 astronomical unit (AU), the distance from the Earth to the Sun). Given these two measurements, along with the rules of trigonometry, the length of the adjacent side (the parsec) can be found. [Wikipedia]
parsec
pc
C63
Parsec
Parsec
PAL
Pa
Pa
Pa
1325
1.0
0.0
Pa
PAL
Pascal
Pascal
P / hr
2.77777778E-4
0.0
Pa/hr
Pascal per Hour
Pascal per Hour
Pa / min
0.0166666667
0.0
Pascal per Minute
Pascal per Minute
P / s
1.0
0.0
Pa/s
Pascal per Second
Pascal per Second
Pa s
1330
1.0
0.0
Pa s
C65
Pascal Second
Pascal Second
MOP
446
1
Macau Special Administrative Region
Pataca
Pataca
1.25899906842624E14
0.0
Pi
Pebi
Pebi
[PK_US]
[pk_us]
pk
1335
0.00880976754
0.0
pk
US Peck
US Peck
[PWT_TR]
[pwt_tr]
dwt
1340
0.00155517384
0.0
dwt
Penny Weight
Penny Weight
/m^3
1091
1.0
0.0
m^-3
Per Cubic Meter
Per Cubic Meter
/m
1091
1.0
0.0
m^-1
Per Meter Unit
Per Meter Unit
m^-1 K^-1
1.0
0.0
m^-1 K^-1
Per Meter Kelvin Unit
Per Meter Kelvin Unit
mol^-1
1.0
0.0
mol^-1
Per Mole Unit
Per Mole Unit
s^-1
0875
1.0
0.0
s^-1
Inverse Second
Inverse Second
GeV^-2
3.89564405E19
0.0
GeV^-2
Per Square Giga Electron Volt Unit
Per Square Giga Electron Volt Unit
m^-1 T^-1
1.0
0.0
m^-1 T^-1
Per Tesla Meter Unit
Per Tesla Meter Unit
s^-1 T^-1
1.0
0.0
s^-1 T^-1
Per Tesla Second Unit
Per Tesla Second Unit
%
%
%
%
1345
0.01
0.0
%
Percent
Percent
person
1350
person
Person
Person
1.0E15
0.0
P
Peta
Peta
PHP
608
2
Philippines
Philippine Peso
Philippine Peso
PHT
ph
ph
ph
1355
10000.0
0.0
ph
Phot
Phot
[PCA]
[pca]
Pm
1360
Pm
Pica
Pica
1.0E-12
0.0
p
Pico
Pico
pF
2665
1.0E-12
0.0
pF
4T
Picofarad
Picofarad
[PT_BR]
[pt_br]
pi
1365
0.0056826125
0.0
pi
Imperial Pint
Imperial Pint
2.61223E-70
0.0
Planck Area
Planck Area
Q_p
1.87554587E-18
0.0
Q_p
Planck Charge
Planck Charge
3.4789E25
0.0
Planck Current
Planck Current
1.331774E95
0.0
Planck Current Density
Planck Current Density
5.155E96
0.0
Planck Density
Planck Density
1.9561E9
0.0
Planck Energy
Planck Energy
1.21027E44
0.0
Planck Force
Planck Force
1.85487E43
0.0
Planck Frequency
Planck Frequency
1.616252E-35
0.0
l_P
Planck Length
Planck Length
2.17644E-8
0.0
m_P
Planck Mass
Planck Mass
6.52485
0.0
Planck Momentum
Planck Momentum
3.62831E52
0.0
Planck Power
Planck Power
4.63309E113
0.0
Planck Pressure
Planck Pressure
29.9792458
0.0
Planck Resistance
Planck Resistance
1.416785E32
0.0
Θ_P
Planck Temperature
Planck Temperature
5.39124E-44
0.0
t_P
Planck Time
Planck Time
1.04295E27
0.0
Planck Volt
Planck Volt
4.22419E-105
0.0
Planck Volume
Planck Volume
XPT
962
Platinum (one Troy ounce)
Platinum (one Troy ounce)
[PNT]
[pnt]
pt
1380
2.54E-5
0.0
pt
Point
Point
P
P
P
P
1385
0.1
0.0
P
89
Poise
Poise
lb-degF
1405
lb-degF
Pound Degree Fahrenheit
Pound Degree Fahrenheit
lb-degR
1410
lb-degR
Pound Degree Rankine
Pound Degree Rankine
[LBF_AV]
[lbf_av]
lbf
lbf
1415
4.448222
0.0
lbf
Pound Force
Pound Force
lbf-ft
1420
1.35581807
0.0
lbf-ft
Pound Force Foot
Pound Force Foot
lbf-in
1425
0.112984839
0.0
lbf-in
Pound Force Inch
Pound Force Inch
lbf/ft
1430
14.5939042
0.0
lbf/ft
Pound Force per Foot
Pound Force per Foot
lbf/in
1435
175.12685
0.0
lbf/in
Pound Force per Inch
Pound Force per Inch
lbf/lb
1440
9.80665085
0.0
lbf/lb
Pound Force per Pound
Pound Force per Pound
lbf/ft^2
1445
47.8802631
0.0
lbf/ft^2
Pound Force per Square Foot
Pound Force per Square Foot
[PSI]
[psi]
psi
psi
1450
6894.75789
0.0
psi
Pound Force per Square Inch
Pound Force per Square Inch
lbf / in^2-s
6894.75789
0.0
lbf / in^2-s
Pound Force per Square Inch Second
Pound Force per Square Inch Second
lbf-s/ft^2
1455
47.8802631
0.0
lbf-s/ft^2
Pound Force Second per Square Foot
Pound Force Second per Square Foot
lbf-s/in^2
1460
6894.75789
0.0
lbf-s/in^2
Pound Force Second per Square Inch
Pound Force Second per Square Inch
[LB_AV]
[lb_av]
lb
lbm
1400
0.45359237
0.0
A pound of mass, based on the international standard definition of the pound as exactly 0.45359237 kg.
lbm
Pound Mass
Pound Mass
lb-mol
1465
0.45359237
0.0
lb mol
Pound Mole
Pound Mole
lb-mol-degF
1470
lb mol °F
Pound Mole Degree Fahrenheit
Pound Mole Degree Fahrenheit
lb/ft^3
1475
16.018463373960138
0.0
lb/ft^3
87
Pound per Cubic Foot
Pound per Cubic Foot
lb/in^3
1480
27679.904710203125
0.0
lb/in^3
LA
Pound per Cubic Inch
Pound per Cubic Inch
lb/m^3
0.45359237
0.0
lbm/m^3
Pound per Cubic Meter
Pound per Cubic Meter
lb/yd^3
1485
0.5932764212577829
0.0
lb/yd^3
K84
Pound per Cubic Yard
Pound per Cubic Yard
lb/ft
1490
1.4881639435695537
0.0
lb/ft
P2
Pound per Foot
Pound per Foot
lb/(ft-hr)
1495
4.133788732137649E-4
0.0
lb/(ft-hr)
K67
Pound per Foot Hour
Pound per Foot Hour
lb/(ft-s)
1500
1.4881639435695537
0.0
lb/(ft-s)
K68
Pound per Foot Second
Pound per Foot Second
lb/gal
1505
99.7763727
0.0
lb/gal
Pound per Gallon
Pound per Gallon
lb/hr
1510
1.2599788055555556E-4
0.0
lb/hr
4U
Pound per Hour
Pound per Hour
lb/in
1515
17.857967322834646
0.0
lb/in
Pound per Inch
Pound per Inch
lb/min
1520
0.007559872833333333
0.0
lb/min
Pound per Minute
Pound per Minute
lb/ft^2
1525
4.88242763638305
0.0
lb/ft^2
FP
Pound per Square Foot
Pound per Square Foot
GBP
826
2
United Kingdom
Pound Sterling
Pound Sterling
[LB_TR]
[lb_tr]
lbm
1530
0.3732417216
0.0
An obsolete unit of mass; the Troy Pound has been defined as exactly 5760 grains, or 0.3732417216 kg. A Troy Ounce is 1/12th of a Troy Pound.
lbm
Pound Troy
Pound Troy
pdl
1390
0.138254954376
0.0
pdl
Poundal
Poundal
pdl/ft^2
1395
1.48816443
0.0
pdl/ft^2
Poundal per Square Foot
Poundal per Square Foot
BWP
072
2
Botswana
Pula
Pula
QAR
634
2
Qatar
Qatari Rial
Qatari Rial
quad
1535
1.055E18
0.0
quad
Quad
Quad
C^4 m^4 J^-3
1.0
1.0
C^4 m^4 J^-3
Quartic Coulomb Meter per Cubic Energy
Quartic Coulomb Meter per Cubic Energy
GTQ
320
2
Guatemala
Quetzal
Quetzal
[RAD]
RAD
RAD
rad
1550
0.01
0.0
rad
C80
Rad
Rad
RAD
rad
rad
rad
1555
1.0
0.0
The radian is the standard unit of angular measure, used in many areas of mathematics. It describes the plane angle subtended by a circular arc as the length of the arc divided by the radius of the arc. The unit was formerly a SI supplementary unit, but this category was abolished in 1995 and the radian is now considered a SI derived unit. The SI unit of solid angle measurement is the steradian.
The radian is represented by the symbol "rad" or, more rarely, by the superscript c (for "circular measure"). For example, an angle of 1.2 radians would be written as "1.2 rad" or "1.2c" (the second symbol is often mistaken for a degree: "1.2°"). As the ratio of two lengths, the radian is a "pure number" that needs no unit symbol, and in mathematical writing the symbol "rad" is almost always omitted. In the absence of any symbol radians are assumed, and when degrees are meant the symbol ° is used. [Wikipedia]
radian
rad
C81
Radian
Radian
rad/h
3600.0
0.0
rad/h
Radian per Hour
Radian per Hour
rad/m
60.0
0.0
rad/m
2A
Radian per second
Radian per second
rad/s
1560
1.0
0.0
rad/s
2A
Radian per Second
Radian per Second
rad/s^2
1565
1.0
0.0
rad/s^2
2B
Radian per Second Squared
Radian per Second Squared
RT
1835
2.8316846592
0.0
The register ton is a unit of volume used for the cargo capacity of a ship, defined as 100 cubic feet (roughly 2.83 cubic metres).
RT
Register Ton
Register Ton
1.25663706E-6
0.0
μr
Relative Permeability
Relative Permeability
8.854187817E-12
0.0
εr
Relative Permittivity
Relative Permittivity
[REM]
REM
REM
rem
1570
0.01
0.0
rem
D91
Rem
Rem
rev
1575
6.28318531
0.0
rev
Revolution
Revolution
rev/h
0.00174532925
0.0
rev/h
Revolution per Hour
Revolution per Hour
rev/min
1580
0.104719755
0.0
rev/min
Revolution per Minute
Revolution per Minute
rev/s
1585
6.28318531
0.0
rev/s
Revolution per Second
Revolution per Second
6.28318531
0.0
Revolution per Second Squared
Revolution per Second Squared
KHR
116
0
Cambodia
Riel
Riel
[RD_US]
[rd_us]
rd
1590
5.02921
0.0
A unit of distance equal to 5.5 yards (16 feet 6 inches).
rod
rd
F49
Rod
Rod
ROE
R
R
R
1595
2.58E-4
0.0
R
2C
Roentgen
Roentgen
RON
946
2
Romania
Romanian New Leu
Romanian New Leu
MVR
462
2
Maldives
Rufiyaa
Rufiyaa
IDR
360
0
Indonesia
Rupiah
Rupiah
RUB
643
2
Russia, Abkhazia, South Ossetia
Russian Ruble
Russian Ruble
RWF
646
0
Rwanda
Rwanda Franc
Rwanda Franc
SHP
654
2
Saint Helena
Saint Helena Pound
Saint Helena Pound
WST
882
2
Samoa
Samoan Tala
Samoan Tala
The number of discrete samples of some thing per second.
sps
Sample per second
Sample per second
SAR
682
2
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Riyal
Saudi Riyal
4.848137E-6
0.0
second [unit of angle]
"
D62
Second Angle
Second Angle
s-ft^2
1605
0.09290304
0.0
s ft^2
Second Square Foot
Second Square Foot
S
s
s
s
1615
1.0
0.0
s
Second
Second
s^2
1620
1.0
0.0
s^2
Second Time Squared
Second Time Squared
RSD
941
2
Serbia
Serbian Dinar
Serbian Dinar
SCR
690
2
Seychelles
Seychelles Rupee
Seychelles Rupee
Sh
1625
1.0E-8
0.0
Sh
Shake
Shake
SIE
S
S
S
1630
1.0
0.0
S
SIE
Siemens
Siemens
SV
Sv
Sv
Sv
1635
1.0
0.0
Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used.
Sv
D13
Sievert
Sievert
XAG
961
Silver (one Troy ounce)
Silver (one Troy ounce)
SGD
702
2
Singapore
Singapore Dollar
Singapore Dollar
SKK
Slovakia
Slovak Koruna
Slovak Koruna
slug
1640
14.593903
0.0
slug
F13
Slug
Slug
slug/ft^3
1645
515.3788206107324
0.0
slug/ft^3
L65
Slug per Cubic Foot
Slug per Cubic Foot
slug/ft
1650
47.8802591863517
0.0
slug/ft
Slug per Foot
Slug per Foot
slug/(ft-s)
1655
47.8802591863517
0.0
slug/(ft s)
L64
Slug per Foot Second
Slug per Foot Second
slug/s
1660
14.593903
0.0
slug/s
L68
Slug per Second
Slug per Second
slug/ft^2
1665
157.08746452215124
0.0
slug/ft^2
Slug per Square Foot
Slug per Square Foot
SBD
090
2
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands Dollar
Solomon Islands Dollar
KGS
417
2
Kyrgyzstan
Som
Som
SOS
706
2
Somalia
Somali Shilling
Somali Shilling
TJS
972
2
Tajikistan
Somoni
Somoni
ZAR
710
2
South Africa
South African Rand
South African Rand
KRW
410
0
South Korea
South Korean Won
South Korean Won
XDR
960
International Monetary Fund
Special Drawing Rights
Special Drawing Rights
cm^2
2038
1.0E-4
0.0
cm^2
Square Centimeter
Square Centimeter
cm^2-m
2042
0.006
0.0
cm^2 min
Square Centimeter Minute
Square Centimeter Minute
2024
1.0E-4
0.0
cm^2 s
Square Centimeter Second
Square Centimeter Second
C^2 m^2 J^-1
1.0
0.0
C^2 m^2 J^-1
Square Coulomb Meter per Joule
Square Coulomb Meter per Joule
deg^2
3.0461742E-4
0.0
deg^2
Square degree
Square degree
[SFT_I]
[sft_i]
ft^2
1670
0.09290304
0.0
ft^2
FTK
Square Foot
Square Foot
ft^2-degF
1675
ft^2 °F
Square Foot Degree Fahrenheit
Square Foot Degree Fahrenheit
ft^2 h °F
0845
ft^2 h °F
Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
(°F h ft^2)/Btu
0540
(°F h ft^2)/Btu
Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit per BTU
Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit per BTU
ft^2/(Btu in)
1680
0.00346673589
0.0
ft^2/(Btu in)
Square Foot per BTU Inch
Square Foot per BTU Inch
ft^2/hr
1690
2.58064E-5
0.0
ft^2/h
Square Foot per Hour
Square Foot per Hour
ft^2/s
1695
0.09290304
0.0
ft^2/s
S3
Square Foot per Second
Square Foot per Second
ft^2 s °F
1610
ft^2 s °F
Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
[SIN_I]
[sin_i]
in^2
1700
6.4516E-4
0.0
in^2
INK
Square Inch
Square Inch
m^2
1705
1.0
0.0
m^2
Square Meter
Square Meter
m^2 K
1710
1.0
0.0
m^2 K
Square Meter Kelvin
Square Meter Kelvin
(K^2) m/W
0955
1.0
0.0
(K^2) m/W
Square Meter Kelvin per Watt
Square Meter Kelvin per Watt
2048
1.0
0.0
m^2/K
Square Meter per Kelvin
Square Meter per Kelvin
m^2 s^-1
1720
1.0
0.0
m^2/s
Square Meter per Second
Square Meter per Second
m^2-sr
1725
1.0
0.0
m^2 sr
Square Meter Steradian
Square Meter Steradian
[SMI_US]
[smi_us]
mi^2
1730
2589988.11
0.0
mi^2
MIK
Square Mile
Square Mile
[SYD_I]
[syd_i]
yd^2
1735
0.83612736
0.0
yd^2
YDK
Square Yard
Square Yard
LKR
144
2
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Rupee
Sri Lanka Rupee
statA
1740
3.335641E-10
0.0
statA
Statampere
Statampere
statA / cm^2
3.335641E-6
0.0
Statampere per Square Centimeter
Statampere per Square Centimeter
statC
1745
3.33564E-10
0.0
statC
Statcoulomb
Statcoulomb
statC/mol
3.33564E-10
0.0
statC/mol
Statcoulomb per Mole
Statcoulomb per Mole
3.33564E-6
0.0
statC/cm^2
Statcoulomb per Square Centimeter
Statcoulomb per Square Centimeter
statF
1750
1.113E-12
0.0
statF
Statfarad
Statfarad
statH
1755
8.9876E11
0.0
statH
Stathenry
Stathenry
8.9876E13
0.0
statH/cm
Stathenry per Centimeter
Stathenry per Centimeter
statS
1760
statS
Statmho
Statmho
statOhm
1765
8.9876E11
0.0
statΩ
Statohm
Statohm
statV
1770
299.792458
0.0
statV
Statvolt
Statvolt
statV cm
2.99792458
0.0
statV cm
Statvolt Centimeter
Statvolt Centimeter
29979.2458
0.0
statV/cm
Statvolt per Centimeter
Statvolt per Centimeter
SR
sr
sr
sr
1775
1.0
0.0
The steradian (symbol: sr) is the SI unit of solid angle. It is used to describe two-dimensional angular spans in three-dimensional space, analogous to the way in which the radian describes angles in a plane.
sr
D27
Steradian
Steradian
STR
st
st
st
1780
1.0
0.0
st
G26
Stere
Stere
SB
sb
sb
sb
1785
10000.0
0.0
sb
Stilb
Stilb
ST
St
St
St
1790
1.0E-4
0.0
St
91
Stokes
Stokes
SDG
938
2
Sudan
Sudanese Pound
Sudanese Pound
SRD
968
2
Suriname
Surinam Dollar
Surinam Dollar
SEK
752
2
Sweden
Swedish Krona
Swedish Krona
CHF
756
2
Switzerland, Liechtenstein
Swiss Franc
Swiss Franc
SYP
760
2
Syria
Syrian Pound
Syrian Pound
Atomic units (au or a.u.) form a system of natural units which is especially convenient for atomic physics calculations. There are two different kinds of atomic units, which one might name Hartree atomic units[1] and Rydberg atomic units, which differ in the choice of the unit of mass and charge. [Wikipedia]
Atomic System of Units
Atomic System of Units
CGS
CGS System of Units
CGS System of Units
CGS-EMU
CGS-EMU System of Units
CGS-EMU System of Units
CGS-ESU
The electrostatic system of units is a system of units used to measure electrical quantities of electric charge, current, and voltage, within the centimeter gram second (or "CGS") metric system of units. In electrostatic units, electrical charge is defined via the force it exerts on other charges.
The electrostatic system of units is a system of units used to measure electrical quantities of electric charge, current, and voltage, within the centimeter gram second (or "CGS") metric system of units. In electrostatic units, electrical charge is defined via the force it exerts on other charges.
CGS-ESU System of Units
CGS-ESU System of Units
Gauss
CGS-Gauss System of Units
CGS-Gauss System of Units
ISO4217
ISO 4217 Currencies
ISO 4217 Currencies
Imperial
System of units_Imperial
System of units_Imperial
MKS System of Units
MKS System of Units
Planck
Planck units are unique among systems of natural units, because they are not defined in terms of properties of any prototype, physical object, or even elementary particle. [Wikipedia]
Planck System of Units
Planck System of Units
SI
International System of Units
International System of Units
US Customary
US Customary Unit System
US Customary Unit System
[TBS_US]
[tbs_us]
tbsp
1795
1.47867656E-4
0.0
tbsp
Tablespoon
Tablespoon
TZS
834
2
Tanzania
Tanzanian Shilling
Tanzanian Shilling
[TSP_US]
[tsp_us]
tsp
1800
4.92892187E-5
0.0
tsp
Teaspoon
Teaspoon
1.099511627776E12
0.0
Ti
Tebi
Tebi
KZT
398
2
Kazakhstan
Tenge
Tenge
1.0E12
0.0
T
Tera
Tera
T
T
T
T
1805
1.0
0.0
T
D33
Tesla
Tesla
m T
1.0
0.0
m T
Tesla Meter
Tesla Meter
s T
1.0
0.0
s T
Tesla Second
Tesla Second
TEX
tex
tex
tex
1810
1.0E-6
0.0
tex
Tex
Tex
therm (EC)
1820
1.05506E8
0.0
therm (EC)
Therm EC
Therm EC
therm (US)
1830
1.054804E8
0.0
therm (US)
Therm US
Therm US
AT
1840
0.032666667
0.0
AT
Ton Assay
Ton Assay
t/lbf
1845
4.184E9
0.0
Energy equivalent of one ton of TNT
t/lbf
Ton Energy
Ton Energy
[LTON_AV]
[lton_av]
ton
1850
1016.0469088
0.0
ton
Ton - Long
Ton - Long
ton/yd^3
1855
1328.9391836174336
0.0
ton/yd^3
Ton Long per Cubic Yard
Ton Long per Cubic Yard
Ton metric
Ton metric
toe
1865
4.1868E10
0.0
toe
Ton of Oil Equivalent
Ton of Oil Equivalent
t/fg
1870
3517.0
0.0
12000 btu per hour
t/fg
Ton of Refrigeration
Ton of Refrigeration
[STON_AV]
[ston_av]
ton
1880
907.18474
0.0
ton
Ton - Short
Ton - Short
ton/yd
1885
1186.552842515566
0.0
ton/yd
Ton Short per Cubic Yard
Ton Short per Cubic Yard
ton/hr
1875
0.251995761
0.0
ton/h
Short Ton per Hour
Short Ton per Hour
torr
1890
133.322
0.0
torr
UA
Torr
Torr
TTD
780
2
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago Dollar
Trinidad and Tobago Dollar
MNT
496
2
Mongolia
Tugrik
Tugrik
TND
788
3
Tunisia
Tunisian Dinar
Tunisian Dinar
AED
784
2
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates dirham
United Arab Emirates dirham
XFU
International Union of Railways
UIC franc (special settlement currency)
UIC franc (special settlement currency)
USD
0555
840
2
American Samoa, British Indian Ocean Territory, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guam, Haiti, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico, East Timor, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States, Virgin Islands
US Dollar
US Dollar
USN
997
2
United States
United States Dollar (next day) (funds code)
United States Dollar (next day) (funds code)
998
2
United States
United States Dollar (same day) (funds code)
United States Dollar (same day) (funds code)
UGX
800
0
Uganda
Uganda Shilling
Uganda Shilling
COU
970
2
Colombia
Unidad de Valor Real
Unidad de Valor Real
CLF
990
0
Chile
Unidades de formento (Funds code)
Unidades de formento (Funds code)
AMU
u
u
u
1895
9.10938215E-31
0.0
u
D43
Unified Atomic Mass Unit
Unified Atomic Mass Unit
U/nWb
1900
1.256637E-7
0.0
A magnetic pole is a unit pole if it exerts a force of one dyne on another pole of equal strength at a distance of 1 cm. The strength of any given pole in cgs units is therefore numerically equal to the force in dynes which it exerts on a unit pole 1 cm away.
U/nWb
Unit Pole
Unit Pole
unitless
1.0
0.0
An explicit unit to say something has no units.
U
Unitless
Unitless
UYU
858
2
Uruguay
Peso Uruguayo
Peso Uruguayo
UZS
860
2
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan Som
Uzbekistan Som
VUV
548
0
Vanuatu
Vatu
Vatu
VEB
937
2
Venezuela
Venezuelan bolívar
Venezuelan bolívar
2022
Video Frame
Video Frame
VND
704
0
Vietnam
Vietnamese Dong
Vietnamese Dong
V
V
V
V
1905
1.0
0.0
V
VLT
Volt
Volt
m V
1.0
0.0
m V
Volt Meter
Volt Meter
V/m
1910
1.0
0.0
V/m
Volt per Meter
Volt per Meter
V / sec
1.0
0.0
V/s
H46
Volt per second
Volt per second
V m^-2
1.0
0.0
V m^-2
Volt per Square Meter
Volt per Square Meter
CHE
947
2
Switzerland
WIR Euro (complementary currency)
WIR Euro (complementary currency)
CHW
948
2
Switzerland
WIR Franc (complementary currency)
WIR Franc (complementary currency)
W
W
W
W
1920
1.0
0.0
W
WTT
Watt
Watt
W/(m K)
1930
1.0
0.0
W/(m K)
Watt per Meter Kelvin
Watt per Meter Kelvin
W/cm^2
1935
10000.0
0.0
W/cm^2
Watt per Square Centimeter
Watt per Square Centimeter
W/ft^2
10.7639104
0.0
W/ft^2
Watt per Square Foot
Watt per Square Foot
W/in^2
1940
1550.0031
0.0
W/in^2
Watt per Square Inch
Watt per Square Inch
W/m^2
1950
1.0
0.0
Heat flux density, irradiance, power density
W/m^2
Watt per Square Meter
Watt per Square Meter
W/(m^2 K)
1955
1.0
0.0
W/(m^2 K)
Watt per Square Meter Kelvin
Watt per Square Meter Kelvin
W m^-2 K^-4
1.0
0.0
W m^-2 K^-4
Watt per Square Meter Quartic Kelvin
Watt per Square Meter Quartic Kelvin
W/(m^2 sr)
1960
1.0
0.0
Radiance
W/(m^2 sr)
Watt per Square Meter Steradian
Watt per Square Meter Steradian
W sr^-1
1965
1.0
0.0
D57
Watt per Steradian
Watt per Steradian
W m^2
1.0
0.0
W m^2
Watt Square Meter
Watt Square Meter
W m^2 sr^-1
1.0
0.0
W m^2 sr^-1
Watt Square Meter per Steradian
Watt Square Meter per Steradian
W h
1925
3600.0
0.0
W h
Watthour
Watthour
WB
Wb
Wb
Wb
1970
1.0
0.0
Wb
WEB
Weber
Weber
[YD_I]
[yd_i]
yd
yd
1975
0.9144
0.0
yd
YRD
Yard
Yard
ANN
a
a
yr
1980
3.1536E7
0.0
yr
Year (365 Day)
Year (365 Day)
yr
1985
3.15581497632E7
0.0
A sidereal year is the time taken for Sun to return to the same position with respect to the stars of the celestial sphere.
yr
Year Sidereal
Year Sidereal
ANN_T
a_t
a<sub>t</sub>
yr
1990
yr
Year Tropical
Year Tropical
YER
886
0
Yemen
Yemeni Rial
Yemeni Rial
1.2089258196146292E24
0.0
Yi
Yobi
Yobi
1.0E-24
0.0
y
Yocto
Yocto
1.0E24
0.0
Y
Yotta
Yotta
CNY
156
1
Mainland China
Yuan Renminbi
Yuan Renminbi
ZMK
894
0
Zambia
Zambian Kwacha
Zambian Kwacha
1.1805916207174113E21
0.0
Zi
Zebi
Zebi
1.0E-21
0.0
z
Zepto
Zepto
1.0E21
0.0
Z
Zetta
Zetta
ZWD
932
2
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Dollar
Zimbabwe Dollar
PLN
985
2
Poland
Zloty
Zloty
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
A densitometry of bulk material that includes the contribution of the interparticulate void volume. [Allotrope]
bulk density
To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003])
To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003])
To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003])
To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003])
To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003])
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