@prefix rdf: . @prefix : . @prefix dc: . @prefix dct: . @prefix owl: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix gold: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @prefix lexvo: . @prefix ontolex: . dc:creator ; dc:description """The Multilingual Morpheme Ontology (MMoOn) is an ontological model that contains the vocabulary needed to describe the morphological elements, meanings and representations of natural languages. This is the reference ontology from which various language specific MMoOn Inventories can be derived."""@en ; dc:identifier "http://mmoon.org/mmoon/core/v1.0.0/"^^xsd:anyURI ; dc:title "The Multilingual Morpheme Ontology"@en ; dct:license ; a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "Multilingual Morpheme Ontology"@en ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:versionInfo "Version 1.0, 2016. Created and maintained by Bettina Klimek."@en . :Ablative :definition """The ablative is a case that signals spatial orientation, esp. motion, away from the referent of its carrier. To the extent that it is grammaticalized in a language, its function may also include other circumstantial case roles. [Christian Lehmann, under \"ablative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ABL ; :usageNote """Delimitation and History: Ablative is less specific than elative. If in paradigmatic opposition to elative, it may mean ‚from outside of referent’. Phenomenology: The term stems from Latin grammar. In Latin and some other languages. the ablative can also express a variety of meanings including instrument, cause, location, source, and time. [Christian Lehmann, under \"ablative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Ablative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ABL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AblativeCase . :AbsoluteAdjective :definition "Absolute adjective are non-gradable and express properties or states which can not be compared in a more or less degree."@en ; :example "\"dead\", \"unique\""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ABSADJ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Absolute Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjective, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ABSADJ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :AbsoluteRelativeTense :definition "a tense that refers to a time in relation to a temporal reference point that in turn is referred to in relation to the moment of utterance, i.e. in which the reference point and the moment of utterance are not identical. [Christian Lehmann, under \"absolute-relative tense\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Absolute-Relative Tense"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tense . :AbsoluteState :definition "The absolute state marks the absence of syntactic dependents on the noun and is usually unmarked. (Melʹčuk, Igorʹ Aleksandrovič, and David Beck. Aspects of the Theory of Morphology. Vol. 10. Walter de Gruyter, 2006.)"@en ; :example """\"glima\" (no marking) 'gown' (http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~edit/edit/Construct%20State%20EHLL.pdf)"""@he ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Absolute State"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NominalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :AbsoluteTense :definition "An absolute tense is a tense that has the point of time of the speech act as its immediate point of reference. [Christian Lehmann, under \"absolute tense\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Absolute Tense"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tense . :Absolutive :definition """The absolutive is the case which (possibly among other things) marks the absolutive grammatical relation. [Christian Lehmann, under \"absolutive case\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ABS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Absolutive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :CasusRectus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ABS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AbsolutiveCase . :Accusative :definition """The accusative is the case that, in the accusative system of fundamental relations, marks the direct object and sometimes other syntactic functions, too. [Christian Lehmann, under \"accusative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ACC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Accusative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ACC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AccusativeCase . :ActionNominalizer :definition "An action nominalizer is a nominalizer which derives a noun referring to the situation itself from an action predicate. [Christian Lehmann, under \"action nominalizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """Suffix \"-ung\", as in \"Versuchung\" 'tempt-ation'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"action nominalizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@de ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ACNR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Action Nominalizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ACNR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ActionNoun :definition "A noun which is derived from a verb stem denoting the action of the deriving verb stem."@en ; :example "\"to arrive\"(V) --> \"arrival\"(N)."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """An action noun is a non-oriented verbal noun (nomen substantivum), i.e. one which designates the same kind of thing as a (finite) verb, viz. a situation core, except that this is hypostatized as an entity. An action noun is a non-oriented verbal noun (nomen substantivum), i.e. one which designates the same kind of thing as a (finite) verb, viz. a situation core, except that this is hypostatized as an entity. [Christian Lehmann, under \"action noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Action Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalNoun . :Active :definition "Active is the basic voice. While other voices indicate that the subject does not have the semantic function of actor, the active indicates nothing of the kind and thus by default maps the actor on the subject. [Christian Lehmann, under \"active\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ACT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Active"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ACT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ActiveVoice . :Adelative :definition "The adelative is a case that signals spatial orientation, esp. motion, out of the region adjacent to the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"adelative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ADELAT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adelative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADELAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Adessive :definition """The adessive is a case expressing rest near the referent or its carrier. It occurs in Finno-Ugric languages. [Christian Lehmann, under \"adessive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ADESS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adessive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADESS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AdessiveCase . :AdjectivalInflection :definition "Is the process of generating word-forms of adjectival stems."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adjectival Inflection"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflection . :Adjective :definition "An adjective is a word that is a member of a part of speech whose prototypical members designate properties and, less prototypically, states. [Christian Lehmann, under \"adjective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """An Adjective is a noun-modifying expression that specifies the properties or attributes of the nominal referent. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAdjective.htm 18.9.06)"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ADJ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADJ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Adjectival . :AdjectiveCompound :definition "An adjective compound is an adjective formed by composition of an adjective stem and another stem."@en ; :example "\"man-eating\"(Adj) = \"man\"(N) + \"eating\"(Adj)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adjective Compound"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compounding . :AdjectiveExpansion :definition "Is the expansion of the semantic content of an adjective by a derivational morpheme."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adjective Expansion"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expansion . :AdjectiveNoun :definition "An adjective noun is a noun which is fomed by conversion from an adjective and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ; :example "\"old\"(Adj) --> \"the old\"(N)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adjective Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion . :AdjectiveVerb :definition "An adjective verb is a verb which is fomed by conversion from an adjective and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ; :example "\"dicht\"(Adj.) 'impermeable' --> \"dichten\"(V) 'seal'."@de ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adjective Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion . :Adjectivization :definition "Adjectivization is the derivation of an adjective from another word-class by means of a derivational morpheme."@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ADJZ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adjectivization"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADJZ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Admonitive :definition "The admonitive mood expresses warnings, encouragement or recommendations."@de ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ADM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Admonitive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Adposition :definition "An adposition is a more or less grammaticalized relator word that takes a noun phrase as a complement and forms with it an adposition phrase. Its meaning is the grammatical or semantic relation between the dependent noun phrase and whatever the adposition phrase depends on. [Christian Lehmann, under \"adposition\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ADP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adposition"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Adposition . :Adverb :definition """An adverb is a word that is a member of a part of speech whose prototypical members (by themselves) modify clauses. In many descriptions, any word with lexical content (i.e., other than grammatical particles) that isn’t clearly a noun, a verb or an adjective is put into the class of adverb. Semantically, forms that have been called adverbs cover an extremely wide range of concepts, hence they cannot be identified in terms of time-stability or any other well-defined semantic parameter. The unit modified by an adverb is typically a clause, but may be any other category (sentence, verb phrase, verb, nominal, adjective, adverb). [Christian Lehmann, under \"adverb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ADV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Adverbial . :AdverbCompound :definition "An adverb compound is an adverb formed by composition of an adverb stem and another stem."@en ; :example "\"downstream\"(Adv) = \"down\"(Adv) + \"stream\"(N)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adverb Compound"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compounding . :Adverbialization :definition "The derivation of an adverb from another part of speech, especially from an adjective [by means of a derivational morpheme]. [Christian Lehmann, under \"adverbialization\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ADVZ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Adverbialization"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ADVZ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Affirmation :definition "Affirmation refers to positive polarity which usually contains no marker of negation."@en ; :example ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AFFMT ; :usageNote "Affirmation can be used if the linguistic sign for positive polarity is overtly present and/or if it is encoded within a zero morph."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Affirmation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polarity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AFFMT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PositivePolarity . :Affix :definition "An affix is a bound segmental morph that is joined to a stem or root before, after, or within it, in the formation of a derived or inflected form. [Christian Lehmann, under \"affix\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Affix"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Morph ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Affix . :AgentNominalizer :definition "An agent nominalizer is a nominalizer which derives agent nouns. [Christian Lehmann, under \"agent nominalizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "Suffix -er as in \"drive\" --> \"driv-er\""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AGNR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Agent Nominalizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AGNR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :AgentNoun :definition "A noun which is derived from a verb stem denoting someone or something that performs the action of the verb base."@en ; :example "\"to work\"(V) --> \"worker\"(N)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Agent Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalNoun . :Agentive :definition """The agentive is the case of the agent in a passive construction. [Christian Lehmann, under \"agentive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AGC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Agentive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AGC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Aktionsart :definition "Aktionsart is a derivational verbal category that concerns the internal temporal structure of the situation core designated by the verb. [Christian Lehmann, under \"Aktionsart\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Aktionsart"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbExpansion . :AlienabilityClassifier :definition "Is a kind of possessive classifier. Marks a possessive relation between a possessor and a possessum, which may or may not be permanently or necessarily possessed."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc "The alienability of a noun is its property of being alienable. A noun is alienable iff it is not inalienable. [Christian Lehmann, under \"alienability\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :usageNote "This category should be used for languages which morphologically mark alienability on pronouns, nouns or other parts of possessive constructions."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Alienability Classifier"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classifier . :Alienable :definition """An alienable noun is a noun that a) refers to something viewed as not permanently or necessarily possessed, and b) is thus not obligatorily expressed as possessed in a language that also has inalienable nouns. (Crystal 1980:20; McKaughan and Loving 1973:31) [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAlienableNoun.htm]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Alienable"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlienabilityClassifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Allative :definition """The allative is a case which expresses spatial orientation, esp. motion, to or toward the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"aditive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition , ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ALL ; :usageNote """“Allative“ has been used in studies of Finnish and Eskimo. The synonym „aditive“ is used especially of Basque. [Christian Lehmann, under \"aditive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Allative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ALL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AllativeCase . :AnalyticWordform :definition """A word form is analytic iff it consists of more than one word form such that the lexical meaning provides the root of one of them, while the grammatical meaning components are coded in the other word forms (some of them possibly in the lexical word form). An inflection is analytic to the extent that it consists of analytic word forms.[Christian Lehmann, under \"analytic structure\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """The comparison of adjectives in English involves both inflectional forms (e.g. bigger) and periphrastic constructions (e.g. more interesting). Engl. sang (synthetic) vs. has sung (periphrastic). [Christian Lehmann, under \"periphrasis\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Delimitation and History: Periphrastic conjugation is the formation of a verbal inflectional paradigm which consists of periphrastic forms. Periphrastic conjugation is the formation of a verbal inflectional paradigm which consists of periphrastic forms. Periphrasis is the combination of a grammatical word G with a lexical word L such that the result is equivalent to a morphological form of L inflected for the category of G. Analytic Procedures: Within one language, periphrasis is recognized by a paradigmatic relation between a periphrastic and a synthetic expression. Across languages or stages of one language, periphrasis in a looser sense is recognized on the basis of functional similarity. [Christian Lehmann, under \"analytic structure\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Analytic Word-form"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wordform . :AnimacyClassifier :definition "Animacy 1 is the property of being animate 1 or inanimate 1. [Christian Lehmann, under \"animacy\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Animacy is a grammatical and/or semantic category of nouns based on how sentient or alive the referent of the noun in a given taxonomic scheme is. Animacy can have various effects on the grammar of a language, such as choice of pronoun (what/who), case endings, word order, or the form a verb takes when it is associated with that noun. [http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Animacy]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Animacy Classifier"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classifier . :Animal :definition "Is a lexical category of nouns having animal referents."@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ANML ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Animal"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ANML ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Animate :definition """A noun of a language is animate 1 iff it belongs either to - a lexical category of nouns having human or animal referents; - a grammatical noun class composed primarily of such nouns. [Christian Lehmann, under \"animacy\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example "http://linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2010/AnimateGender#examples"^^xsd:string ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Animate"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimacyClassifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AnimateGender . :Anterior :definition "Anteriority is the temporal relation of a proposition P to a point of reference iff the moment of the event which is described by P precedes the period of time of the point of reference. [Christian Lehmann, under \"anteriority\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ANT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Anterior"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ANT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Anticausative :definition "A verb is deagentive iff it is derived by a valency decrease which deletes the agent from the participant frame of the underlying base. The situation designated by the verb happens by itself, without the intervention of an agent. [Christian Lehmann, under \"anticausativity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"The door closed.\" [Christian Lehmann, under \"anticausativity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en, """Svan: \"adgäri\" 'kills' -> \"idgäri\" 'dies' \"ibne\" 'begins(tr.)' -> \"ibni\" 'begins (itr.)' \"aswe\" 'burns (tr.)' -> \"iswi\" 'burns (itr.)' [Christian Lehmann, under \"anticausativity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""^^xsd:string ; :externalDefinition gold:AntiCausativeVoice, ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ACAUS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Anticausative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intransitivizer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ACAUS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Antipassive :definition "The antipassive is a voice of an ergative system which demotes the undergoer (in absolutive function) to an adjunct - e.g. an instrumental or a locative or dative - and promotes the actor (in ergative function) to absolutive function. [Christian Lehmann, under \"antipassive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@de ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ANTIP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Antipassive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ANTIP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AntiPassiveVoice . :Aorist :definition "perfective past, as opposed to imperfect and durative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"aorist\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AOR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Aorist"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AOR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Applicative :definition """A verb AV derived from a verb BV is applicative 1 iff: - AV is transitive, - the direct object of AV has been promoted from a lower position in the valency frame of BV (or even from outside it). The participant promoted to direct object is then the undergoer. A common semantic effect of the derivation is therefore a higher degree of affection of that participant. The applicative 2 is a (normally derivational) verbal category which marks the verb as applicative 1. [Christian Lehmann, under \"applicative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """\"Erna antwortet auf die Frage\" -> \"Erna beantwortet die Frage\". \"Erna arbeitet im Feld\" 'Erna works in the field'-> \"Erna bearbeitet das Feld\" 'Erna works the field'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"applicative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@de ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_APPL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Applicative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_APPL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ApplicativeVerb :definition "A verb which is derived from another intransitive verb stem resulting in a transitive verb."@en ; :example "\"steigen\"(V) 'rise' --> \"besteigen\"(V) 'climb'."@de ; :externalDefinitionDesc """An applicative verb is a derived transitive verb whose direct object has been promoted to this function from a more peripheral syntactic function that it has with the base verb. The base may be transitive, in which case its direct object is demoted upon the derivation of the applicative verb. [Christian Lehmann, under \"applicative verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Applicative Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalVerb . :Article :definition "An article is a highly grammaticalized determiner that expresses one or a few of the basic determinations (definite/indefinite, generic/specific, given/new). [Christian Lehmann, under \"article\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """The definite article \"the\" and the indefinite article \"a/an\" in English. [Christian Lehmann, under \"article\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ART ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Article"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Determiner, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ART ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Article . :Aspect :definition """Aspect is an inflectional category concerning the internal temporal structure, particularly the initial and final temporal boundaries, of the situation designated by the verb. Aspect treats a situation as bounded or non-bounded with respect to other situations in the universe-of-discourse, so that syntagmatic relations of taxis can be established among them. [Christian Lehmann, under \"aspect\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AspectProperty . :Assumptive :definition "It is used when the speaker has prior knowledge about the state of things or about habitual or general 'behavior patterns', but 'only when no information about the state or event is being or has been received'. In that sense it is the negative member of the evidential system, used when no ready evidence is available. [Palmer 2001: 24-25; 30; 51]"@en ; :example ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ASSUM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Assumptive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ASSUM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AssumptiveEvidentiality . :AtomicMorpheme :definition """A morpheme is atomic if the morph by which it is realized encodes exactly one meaning. Hence, an atomic morpheme has one mmon:Meaning. An exception is made for person and number morphemes, e.g. the third person singular \"-s\" suffix in English corresponds to the atomic morpheme \"1SG\"."""@en ; :example "The English \"-s\" plural morpheme."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Atomic Morpheme"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Morpheme . :Attenuation :definition "The attenuation of a verb or adjective is its derivational modification by concepts such as 'a little, lightly'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"attenuation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """lachen -> lächeln, [Christian Lehmann, under \"attenuation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@de, """yellow -> yellow-ish [Christian Lehmann, under \"attenuation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ATTEN ; :usageNote "Attenuation is the verbal or adjectival counterpart to diminution."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Attenuation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ATTEN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :AttenuativeAdjective :definition "An adjective which is derived from another adjective stem that denotes a smaller intensity than the deriving adjective stem."@en ; :example "\"small\"(ADJ) --> \"smallish\"(ADJ)"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Diminutive Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeadjectivalAdjective . :AttenuativeVerb :definition "A verb which is derived from another verb stem that denotes a smaller intensity than the deriving verb stem."@en ; :example "\"lachen\"(V) 'to laugh' --> \"lächeln\"(V) 'to smile'"@de ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Attenuative Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalVerb . :Auditory :definition """The auditory evidential is a nonvisual evidential that signals that the speaker has heard the situation designated by the sentence. [Christian Lehmann, under \"auditory evidential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AUD ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Auditory"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonVisual, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AUD ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AuditoryEvidentiality . :Augmentation :definition """Augmentation is the derivational modification of a noun by the concept 'big, large'. Possible connotations include 'strong, imposing, ugly'. A noun is augmentative 1 iff it is derived by augmentation. [Christian Lehmann, under \"augmentation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example "\"borod-a\" (noun 'beard') --> \"borod-isca\" (noun 'huge beard')"@ru ; :externalDefinition gold:AugmentativeSize ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AUG ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Augmentation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NounExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AUG ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :AugmentativeNoun :definition "A noun which is derived from another noun stem that denotes big or large size. Possible connotations include 'strong', 'imposing', 'ugly'."@en ; :externalDefinition gold:AugmentativeSize, ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Augmentation is the derivational modification of a noun by the concept 'big, large'. Possible connotations include 'strong, imposing, ugly'. A noun is augmentative 1 iff it is derived by augmentation. [Christian Lehmann, under \"augmentation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Augmentative Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalNoun . :AuxiliaryVerb :definition "Although the auxiliary, in many languages, takes a subject and a non-finite verb as dependents, it has no selection restrictions for the subject. In other words, it is transparent for the selection restrictions of the non-finite full verb that it auxiliates. [Christian Lehmann, under \"auxiliary verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AUX ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Auxiliary Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AUX ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Auxiliary . :Aversive :definition """The aversive is a case expressing a relation of aversion of the located object from the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"aversive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Djagubay (Australia): ngawu yarrn.ga-ng gurra:-lan SBJ.1.SG fear-PRS dog-AVERS “I am afraid of the dog.“ [Christian Lehmann, under \"aversive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""^^xsd:string ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_AVERS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Aversive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalCase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_AVERS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AversiveCase . :Benefactive :definition """The benefactive (casus benefactivus) is a case which marks the semantic role of beneficiary. [Christian Lehmann, under \"benefactive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_BEN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Benefactive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_BEN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:BenefactiveCase . :BenefactiveDative :definition """The benfactive dative is a dative which expresses a benefactive relation of the NP so marked to the dependency controller. [Christian Lehmann, under \"benefactive dative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_BENDAT ; :usageNote """The term ‚dativus commodi’ is used in studies of Latin. [Christian Lehmann, under \"benefactive dative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Benefactive Dative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_BENDAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :CardinalNumber :definition "A cardinal numeral is a numeral which designates the cardinality of a set; i.e. it is used for counting and for expressing how many objects are referred to. [Christian Lehmann, under \"cardinal numeral\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """one, two, three ... [Christian Lehmann, under \"cardinal numeral\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CARD ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Cardinal Number"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Numeral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CARD ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:CardinalNumeral . :Case :definition """Case is a nominal inflectional category indicating the syntactic or semantic function of an NP. Delimitation and History: Sometimes discourse functions of NPs such as ‚topic’, as they may be marked by case-like nominal markers, are subsumed under the concept ‚case’. Case is not the syntactic or semantic function itself, but its morphological marking on a nominal expression. Thus: a) there is no valid distinction between ‚(underlying) case’ and ‚overt case’; b) the marking of syntactic/semantic relations on the governing expression (e.g. verbal cross-reference marking) is not case. [Christian Lehmann, under \"case\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:CaseProperty . :CasusRectus :definition """The casus rectus of a system is that case which marks the subject of a copula clause (or nominal clause). Thus, the nominative in the accusative system, the absolutive in the ergative system. Phenomenology: The casus rectus may be unmarked as against the oblique cases or may be based on a different declension stem. [Christian Lehmann, under \"casus rectus\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Casus Rectus"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case . :CausativeCase :definition """The causative case is a case that expresses that the referent of its NP is the cause of the situation expressed by the clause containing it. [Christian Lehmann, under \"causative case\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CAUSC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Causative Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CAUSC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :CausativeVerb :definition "A verb which is derived from another verb stem denoting the causal role of a referent in relation to an event or state expressed by the deriving verb stem."@en ; :example """\"fall\"(V) --> \"fell\"(V). [Christian Lehmann, under \"causative verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A causative verb is an n-place verb (with n > 1) which is derived from an n-1-place verb in such a way that the additional semantic slot is mapped onto the subject slot and is occupied by a superordinate agent which causes the situation designated by the base. An underived verb cannot be causative by this definition. However, the paradigmatic lexical relation of Engl. «kill» to «die» may be called \"semantically causative\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"causative verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Causative Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalVerb . :CausativeVoice :definition "The causative [vox causativa] is a grammatical category, generally an analytic or synthetic verbal category, which renders the respective construction causative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"causative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CAUS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Causative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CAUS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:CausativeVoice . :Causativization :definition """Causativization is a valency increase which renders a verb causative. Since the causer occupies the subject slot of the causative verb and the base verb already had a subject (representing a different participant), causativization generally involves more valency changes than just the addition of a subject slot. [Christian Lehmann, under \"causativization\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example "Korean: \"cwuk-\" ('verb 'die') --> \"cwuk-i-\" (verb 'kill')"@ko ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CAUSV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Causativization"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :ValencyChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CAUSV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Circumfix :definition "A circumfix is an affix which consits of a prefix and a suffix. [Christian Lehmann, under \"circumfix\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Circumfix"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affix ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Circumfix . :Circumposition :definition "A circumposition is a discontinuous adposition whose first part precedes and whose second part follows the complement. [Christian Lehmann, under \"circumposition\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """German: \"um des Friedens willen\" 'for the sake of peace' [Christian Lehmann, under \"circumposition\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@de ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CIRP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Cicumposition"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CIRP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Classifier :definition "a word or morpheme that indicates that a linguistic unit (typically a noun) belongs to a certain class of units. [Christian Lehmann, under \"classifier\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A classifier is a word or affix that expresses the classification of a noun. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAClassifier.htm)"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Classifier"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Classifier . :Clusivity :definition "Clusivity is an overarching term for various kinds of inclusive - exclusive oppositions as found in the marking of person. (http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Clusivity)"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Clusivity"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory . :CollectivePersonNoun :definition "A noun which is derived from another noun stem that denotes a group of persons."@en ; :example "\"Lehrer\"(N) 'teacher' --> \"Lehrerschaft\"(N) 'body of teachers'."@de ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Collective Person Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalNoun . :Comitative :definition """The comitative case on a nominal expression signifies that the referent of that expression is a peripheral participant of a situation that takes part in it in a way analogous to some central participant, usually the actor. [Christian Lehmann, under \"comitative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_COM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Comitative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ComitativeCase . :Common :definition "A noun has common gender iff it has either masculine or feminine gender without any morphological change on the noun itself. [Christian Lehmann, under \"common gender\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :example """Ancient Greek: \"hippos\" (m/f) 'horse' [Christian Lehmann, under \"common gender\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@grc, """Latin: \"sacerdos\" (m/f) 'priest/priestess' [Christian Lehmann, under \"common gender\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@la, """Portuguese: \"intérprete\" (m/f) 'interpreter' \"turista\" (m/f) 'tourist' [Christian Lehmann, under \"common gender\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@pt ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_COMM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Common"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gender, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COMM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :CommonNoun :definition "A common noun (as opposed to a proper noun) is a noun which designates a concept (as opposed to an individual). [Christian Lehmann, under \"common noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NNC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Common Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NNC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:CommonNoun . :Comparative :definition "The comparative is a grammatical category of the adjective or adverb which signifies that whatever is modified by the adjective/adverb has the property designated by it to a higher degree than the standard of comparison. [Christian Lehmann, under \"comparative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "high --> high-er"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_COMPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Comparative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeOfComparison, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COMPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Complementizer :definition "A complementizer is a subordinator that marks a complement clause. [Christian Lehmann, under \"complementizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """“that“ in \"I know that he is here\", \"I refuted the supposition that he is here\", or \"I am doubtful that he is here\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"complementizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_COMP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Complementizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conjunction, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COMP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Complementizer . :CompletiveAspect :definition "an aspect encoding a situation as completed. The term is applicable, if a language has grammaticalized two oppositions, „+/-completive“ and „+/-perfective“. Otherwise, the term „perfective“ is to be used. [Christian Lehmann, under \"completive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_COMPL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Completive Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COMPL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:CompletiveAspect . :CompoundWord :definition "A compound word is a complex lexeme which consists of two lexical meanings (conveyed in the lexical stems of which it is composed). It is formed by the combination of two stems, which can be simple or complex."@en ; :example "Engl. \"playground\" is a compound word consisting of the two simple lexemes/stems \"play\" and \"ground\"."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc "A compound is a stem formed by composition. [Christian Lehmann, under \"compound\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Compound Word"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lexeme . :Compounding :definition "Is the process of lexeme-formation by combining two stems."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Compounding [compositio thematum] is the formation of a stem by combination of two stems. Both stems may already be complex. [Christian Lehmann, under \"compounding\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :usageNote "Compounds, in English and some other languages, can be written as one word or two separate words, and they can be hyphenated as well. [http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Compound]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Compounding"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordFormation . :ConativeAktionsart :definition "The conative is a verbal aspect or aktionsart which means that the agent of the situation tries to achieve the action desginated by the verb stem. [Christian Lehmann, under \"conative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"John kicked at the wall.\" [implying that he did not hit it] [Christian Lehmann, under \"conative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CNTV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Conative Aktionsart"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CNTV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ConativeAspect :definition "The conative is a verbal aspect or aktionsart which means that the agent of the situation tries to achieve the action desginated by the verb stem. [Christian Lehmann, under \"conative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"John kicked at the wall.\" [implying that he did not hit it] [Christian Lehmann, under \"conative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CNTVA ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Conative Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CNTVA ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Conditional :definition "The conditional is a mood marking a sentence that is, or is construed as, the apodosis of an unreal condition. [Christian Lehmann, under \"conditional\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"I wouldn’t do it\" (if some relevant condition were fulfilled, e.g. if I were you). [Christian Lehmann, under \"conditional\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_COND ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Conditional"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COND ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Conjugation :definition "Is the inflection of a verb. Conjugation categories commonly include person, number, gender, aspect, tense, mood, voice and non-finite subcategories. [Christian Lehmann, under \"conjugation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Conjugation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbalInflection . :Conjunction :definition """A conjunction is a word that syntactically links words or larger constituents and expresses a relationship between them. Prototypically, a conjunction links two clauses. However, coordinative conjunctions may also link subclausal expressions. [Christian Lehmann, under \"conjunction\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CONJ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Conjunction"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CONJ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Conjunction . :ConstructState :definition "The construct state marks the nominal N1 that syntactically subordinates another nominal N2. (Melʹčuk, Igorʹ Aleksandrovič, and David Beck. Aspects of the Theory of Morphology. Vol. 10. Walter de Gruyter, 2006.)"@en ; :example """\"glimat- ha-melex\" gown-CS the-king 'the king's gown' (http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~edit/edit/Construct%20State%20EHLL.pdf)"""@he ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Status constructus is a morphological form of the noun 1 if this is the head of a genitive attribute. Phenomenology: The category is known from Semitic languages such as Accadic. [Christian Lehmann, under \"status constructus\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Construct State"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NominalState, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Contablative :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc "ContablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location 'from near' which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from near'. Kibrik says that Archi (aqc) possesses a nominal spatial form expressing ContablativeCase, namely -raš [Kibrik 1998: 470]."@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CONTABL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Contablative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ablative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CONTABL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ContablativeCase . :Contallative :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc "Contallative Case expresses that something is moving toward the vicinity of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the vicinity of'. Kibrik says that Archi (aqc) possesses a nominal spatial form expressing ContallativeCase, namely -rši [Kibrik 1998: 470]."@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CONTALL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Contallative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Allative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CONTALL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ContallativeCase . :Conterminative :definition "ConterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the vicinity of the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'moving into the vicinity of'. Kibrik says that Archi (aqc) possesses a nominal spatial form expressing ConterminativeCase, namely -rakana [Kibrik 1998: 470]."@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CONTERM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Conterminative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terminative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CONTERM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ConterminativeCase . :Continuative :definition "Continuative is an imperfective aktionsart which indicates that the situation designated is prolonged. [Christian Lehmann, under \"continuative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """Quechua Continuative „-sa“, which is applicable to states and events, as in „rik’’usan“, ‚He sees it’, lit. ‚He is seeing it’ (example from Bills et al., 1969: 21). [Christian Lehmann, under \"continuative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@qu ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CNT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Continuative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CNT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ContinuousAspect :definition """A situation is continuous 1 iff it is ongoing. Derivatively,a verb designating such a situation is continuous 1. Continuitas situationis is the property of being continuous 1. [Christian Lehmann, under \"continuity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CONT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Continuous Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CONT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ContinuousAspect . :Contlative :definition "ContlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location in the vicinity of which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'in the vicinity of'. Kibrik says that Archi (aqc) possesses a nominal spatial form expressing ContlativeCase, namely -rak [Kibrik 1998: 470]."@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CONLAT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Contlative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CONLAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ContlativeCase . :Converb :definition "A converb is a non-finite verb form such that the subordinate clause whose head the converb is is neither a complement (“argument“) of the main verb nor an attribute to some nominal, but typically an adjunct to the main verb. [Christian Lehmann, under \"converb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CONV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Converb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonFiniteVerb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CONV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Converb . :Conversion :definition "Conversion, also called zero-derivation, is the formation of a lexeme from another part of speech which entails no further derivational meaning except that which is entailed in the wordclass-change."@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Conversion [recategorizatio] is the implicit change of the word class of a stem. Conversion [recategorizatio] is not a kind of derivation 1 if the latter is conceived as involving a morphological process. At the level of formal representation, however, conversion [recategorizatio] may be conceived as dependency of a stem on a zero affix. [Christian Lehmann, under \"conversion\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :usageNote """All other derivations which include an affix marking the wordclass-change but also do not entail further derivational meaning belong into the according mmoon:Derived[Wordclass] subclasses. E.g.: \"kindness\"(N) is an deadjectival noun and not an adjective noun"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Conversion"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Derivation . :Copula :definition """A copula is a bivalent intransitive verb which converts a nominal into a verbal predicate. It thus „links“ a predicate nominal to the subject. [Christian Lehmann, under \"copula\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_COP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Copula"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_COP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Copula . :Countability :definition "Is a nominal feature denoting whether a noun is countable or not."@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Countability"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory . :Countable :definition """A count noun is a common noun which designates an individual (as opposed to a mass). A count noun - has a semantically regular plural form - combines with the indefinite article and with cardinal numerals - combines with the quantifier ‚many’ (as opposed to ‚much’). [Christian Lehmann, under \"countable noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example "\"farmer\", \"farmers\", \"many farmers\", \"two farmers\", \"a farmer\", *\"much farmer\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"countable noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A count noun is a noun whose possible referents are thought of as separate entities. It thus has the ability a) to take a plural form, b) to occur with distinctive determiners (such as a/an, many), and c) to occur with cardinal numerals. It does not have the ability, however, to occur with a determiner such as much. [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsACountNoun.htm]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CTB ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Countable"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Countability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CTB ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Crastinal :definition "a future tense referring to tomorrow. [Christian Lehmann, under \"crastinal future\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_CRAS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Crastinal"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Future, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_CRAS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Dative :definition """The dative is the case that marks the indirect object. It may also be the case that marks NPs with the role of recipient and perhaps similar roles, as the beneficiary or the - adverbal -possessor. [Christian Lehmann, under \"dative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DAT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Dative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DativeCase . :DativusEthicus :definition """The dativus ethicus is the dative marking an adjunct consisting of a (non-emphatic) pronoun of first or second person which is not directly involved in the designated situation. As the procedure involves a speech-act participant in the designated situation, it expresses the latter’s relevance to that participant. More generally, the dativus ethicus is such an adjunct. [Christian Lehmann, under \"dativus ethicus\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """German «Laß mir ja die Katze in Ruhe!» ‚Do leave the cat in peace!’ [Christian Lehmann, under \"dativus ethicus\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DATETH ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Dativus Ethicus"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DATETH ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :DeadjectivalAdjective :definition "Is an adjective lexeme which is derived from another adjective stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deadjectival Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedAdjective . :DeadjectivalAdverb :definition "Is an adverb lexeme which is derived from an adjective stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deadjectival Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedAdverb . :DeadjectivalNoun :definition "Is a noun lexeme which is derived from an adjective stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deadjectival Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedNoun . :DeadjectivalVerb :definition "Is a verb lexeme which is derived from an adjective stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deadjectival Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedVerb . :DeadverbalAdverb :definition "Is an adverb lexeme which is derived from another adverb stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deadverbal Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedAdverb . :DeclarativeMood :definition "Declarative mood is an epistemic mood that signals that the proposition expressed by a speaker’s utterance is offered as an unqualified statement of fact. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsDeclarativeMood.htm)"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DECL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Declarative Mood"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DECL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Declension :definition "Is the inflection of a noun. Relevant categories commonly include gender, number, case, possessive and definiteness. [Christian Lehmann, under \"declension\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Declension"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NominalInflection . :Deductive :definition "DeductiveEvidentiality encodes the fact that the speaker came to believe the content of the expression through a sound inference procedure. [Palmer 2001: 6-8]."@en ; :example ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DEDUC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deductive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inferential, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DEDUC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DeductiveEvidentiality . :Definite :definition """Definite NPs are NPs whose referent can be uniquely identified by the hearer. Unique identifiability occurs under two main kinds of circumstances: One of these is in anaphoric situations, to refer back to something mentioned in the preceding discourse (e.g. I bought a new bicycle... My husband likes the bicycle). The other is in associative contexts, to refer to something that is not mentioned in the preceding discourse but that is identifiable because of an associatative relationship (e.g. I bought a new bicycle. The saddle is very comfortable). (http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Definite)"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DEF ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Definite"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Definiteness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DEF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Definiteness :definition """An NP is definite if it has grammatical properties that mark it as identifiable. Derivatively, a grammatical device - typically a pronoun or article - which marks such an NP is called definite. The definiteness of an NP is its property of being definite (or not). [Christian Lehmann, under \"definiteness\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc "Definiteness is a category concerned with the grammaticalization of identifiability and nonidentifiability of referents on the part of a speaker or addressee. [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsDefiniteness.htm]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Definiteness"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory . :Degree :definition "Relational adjectives (i.e. gradable adjectives) inflect for the category degree of comparison."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Degree"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdjectivalInflection . :DegreeOfComparison :definition "Degree of comparison is a grammatical category of the adjective or adverb which allows a comparison between the extent to which whatever is modified by the adjective/adverb possesses the quality designated by it, and something else. [Christian Lehmann, under \"degree of comparison\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Degree of Comparison"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory . :Delative :definition "The delative is a case expressing spatial orientation, esp. motion downward from the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"delative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DEL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Delative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DEL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DelativeCase . :DemonstrativePronoun :definition "a pronoun with deictic function. [Christian Lehmann, under \"demonstrative pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DEMPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Demonstrative Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DEMPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Demonstrative . :Demonym :definition "A noun which is derived from a proper noun denoting a place \"that identifies residents or natives of a particular place, which is derived from the name of that particular place. [George H. Scheetz (1988). Names' Names: A Descriptive and Pervasive Onymicon. Schütz Verlag.]"@en ; :example "China (N) --> Chinese (N)"@en ; :usageNote "Also known as \"gentilic\"."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Demonym"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalNoun . :DenominalAdjective :definition "Is an adjective lexeme is which derived from a noun stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Denominal Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedAdjective . :DenominalAdverb :definition "Is an adverb lexeme which is derived from a noun stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Denominal Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedAdverb . :DenominalNoun :definition "Is a noun lexeme which is derived from another noun stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Denominal Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedNoun . :DenominalVerb :definition "Is a verb lexeme which is derived from a noun stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Denominal Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedVerb . :Derivation :definition "Is the process of lexeme-formation which is morphologically conditioned and involves the modification of a stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Derivation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordFormation . :DerivationalMeaning :definition "The derivational meaning is a meaning that is not relevant for grammar but affects the lexeme meaning. It comprises morphological categories which belong to the realm of derivation (that is, a non-obligatory morphological category) [Christian Lehmann, under \"derivation category\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Derivational Meaning"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning . :DerivativeNegation :definition "Is a derivative negation, which is the formation of the negated counterpart of a stem by derivation.[Christian Lehmann, under \"derivative negation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "\"necessary\" vs. \"un-necessary\", \"use-ful\" vs. \"use-less\""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_N- ; :usageNote "Even though this meaning is synonymous to the \"Negation\" meaning of the linguistic category of Polarity, it is modelled here as a separate meaning which is reserved for derivational affixes expressing lexical negation within a derived word."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Derivative Negation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_N- ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :DerivedAdjective :definition "Is an adjective lexeme which is derived from another stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Derived Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Derivation . :DerivedAdverb :definition "Is an adverb lexeme which is derived from another stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Derived Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Derivation . :DerivedNoun :definition "Is a noun lexeme which is derived from another stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Derived Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Derivation . :DerivedVerb :definition "Is a verb lexeme which is derived from another stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Derived Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Derivation . :DerivedWord :definition "A derived word is a complex lexeme which consists of one lexical meaning (conveyed in the lexical stem from which it is derived) and a derivational meaning (conveyed in a derivational affix)."@en ; :example "\"replay\" is a derived word from the simple lexeme \"play\" and the derivational prefix \"-er\"."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A derivate is a stem generated by derivation [derivatio]. [Christian Lehmann, under \"derivate\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido] Is a kind of lexeme which is formed by the morphological modification of another lexical stem."""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Derived Word"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lexeme . :Desiderative :definition """The desiderative is a category deriving a verb Vd from a verbal base Vb such that Vd means 'to want to Vb'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"desiderative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Sanskrit: ,s:r.no-ti 'hears', ,su-'sriu-.sa-ti (RED-hear-DES-3.SG) 'wants to hear'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"desiderative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@sa ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DES ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Desiderative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DES ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :DesiderativeVerb :definition "A verb which is derived from another verb stem denoting to want the meaning of the deriving verb stem."@en ; :example """Sanskrit: ‚s:r.no-ti ‚hears’, ‚su-’sr¡u-.sa-ti RED-hear-DES-3.SG 'wants to hear'’ [Christian Lehmann, under \"desiderative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@sa ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Desiderative Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalVerb . :Destinative :definition """The destinative is a case that marks the referent of its carrier as the destination or the purpose of an action. [Christian Lehmann, under \"purposive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DEST ; :usageNote """Also called \"purposive\". The term was introduced in Basque and Finno-Ugric linguistics. The carrier of a destinative typically includes nominalized verb forms or even subordinate clauses. [Christian Lehmann, under \"purposive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Destinative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DEST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Determiner :definition "A determiner is a word or affix that modifies a nominal and forms a noun phrase with it. It functions as an operator of determination of this noun phrase. [Christian Lehmann, under \"determiner\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"all\" and \"these\" in the phrase \"all these houses\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"determiner\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DET ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Determiner"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DET ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Determiner . :DeverbalAdjective :definition "Is an adjective lexeme which is derived from a verb stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deverbal Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedAdjective . :DeverbalAdverb :definition "Is an adverb lexeme which derived from a verb stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deverbal Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedAdverb . :DeverbalNoun :definition "Is a noun lexeme which is derived from a verb stem."@en ; :usageNote "Add instance here, if the language of the given morpheme inventory exhibits affixal marking for word-class change but adds NO further derivational meaning(s). For all derived lexemes that consist of a derivational affix denoting some additional meaning, the respective subclass must be instantiated or newly created."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deverbal Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedNoun . :DeverbalVerb :definition "Is a verb lexeme which is derived from another verb stem."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Deverbal Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivedVerb . :DifferentSubject :definition """[Denotes] relative person indicating that an actant (typically, the subject) of the clause is not the same as an actant (again, typically the subject) of some other clause, either a following clause or the final clause in a clause chain, or the main clause in a sentence. [Christian Lehmann, under \"different subject marker\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Different Subject"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Diminution :definition "The diminution of a noun is its derivational modification by the concept 'little'. Possible connotations include 'cute, dear, weak, unimportant, contemptuous'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"diminution\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "Kind --> Kind-lein"@de ; :externalDefinition gold:DiminuativeSize, ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DIM ; :usageNote "Dminution is the nominal counterpart to attenuation."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Diminution"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NounExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DIM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :DiminutiveNoun :definition "A noun which is derived from another noun stem that denotes 'endearment, small size or small intensity'."@en ; :example "\"Kind\"(N) --> \"Kindchen\"(N)"@de, "\"duck\"(N) --> \"duckling\"(N)"@en ; :externalDefinition gold:DiminuativeSize, ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Diminutive Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalNoun . :DirectCase :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DIRC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Direct Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DIRC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :DirectVoice :definition "Direct voice signals that the action proceeds in an ontologically salient way, i.e. that salience is assigned to nominals based on their referent's relative real-world capacities to control situations. [Klaiman 1991: 32]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Direct voice"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Active, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DirectVoice . :DistributiveAktionsart :definition "Is an iterative that expresses the application of an event to members of a group one after another, typically to the referents named by the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb. [Christian Lehmann, under \"distributive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """the Russian \"po-\" in \"On po-zapiral dveri\" 'He locked the doors one at a time' (example from Comrie 1985a: 344). [Christian Lehmann, under \"distributive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@ru ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DISTR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Distributive Aktionsart"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :IterativeAktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DISTR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :DistributiveAspect :definition "A verbal aspect expressing that the action or state denoted by the verb is performed or experienced simultaneously by more than one individual or object. [Pei and Gaynor 1954: 59]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DISTRV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Distributive Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DISTRV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DistributiveAspect . :DistributiveCase :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DISTRC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Distributive Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DISTRC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Dual :definition "The dual is a number forming a subset of two elements of the designated class. The dual is most common with natural pairs such as paired body parts. [Christian Lehmann, under \"dual\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DU ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Dual"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Number, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DU ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DualNumber . :Dubitative :definition """Dubitative mood is an epistemic mood which signals a speaker’s reservation about the accuracy of his or her statement. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsDubitativeMood.htm)"""@en ; :example """The Ojibwa suffix -tik expresses dubitative mood, as in the following construction: \"kenapac uwaya pieya:tik\" ‘someone seems to be coming here’ (Leonard Bloomfield, cited by Bybee 1985 179) (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsDubitativeMood.htm)"""^^xsd:string ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DUB ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Dubitative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DUB ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DubitiveMood . :DurativeAktionsart :definition "The durative is a verbal category - generally an aktionsart - designating durativity. [Christian Lehmann, under \"durative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DUR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Durative Aktionsart"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DUR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :DurativeAspect :definition "A situation is durative iff it is dynamic, but atelic. [Christian Lehmann, under \"durativity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DURA ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Durative Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DURA ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DurativeAspect . :Dynamic :definition """A phenomenon - especially a situation - is dynamic to the extent that it changes during the time that it obtains. This generally requires an input of energy. Derivatively, a linguistic sign designating such a phenomenon is called dynamic. [Christian Lehmann, under \"dynamicity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DYN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Dynamic"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DYN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Egressive :definition "A situation is egressive iff it consists in a catastrophe after a preparatory process which it may presuppose, but which does not necessarily reach such an end. Derivatively, an expression, esp. a verb designating such a situation is egressive. [Christian Lehmann, under \"egressiveness\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_EGR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Egressive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_EGR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Elative :definition """The elative is a case expressing spatial orientation, esp. motion, out of the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"elative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ELAT ; :usageNote """This term is used especially in studies of Finno-Ugric grammar. Elative is often contrasted with ablative - from inside vs. from outside. [Christian Lehmann, under \"elative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Elative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ELAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ElativeCase . :EmphaticParticle :definition """An emphasizer is a formative lending emphasis to what it accompanies. [Christian Lehmann, under \"emphasizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_EMPHPART ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Emphatic Particle"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Particle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_EMPHPART ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :EmptyMorph :definition "A morph that has no meaning but that must be posited for the sake of descriptive elegance. [Haspelmath and Sims: Understanding morphology. 2002:327]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Empty Morph"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affix, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :EmptyMorpheme ; owl:onProperty :correspondsToMorpheme ] . :EmptyMorpheme :definition "An empty morpheme serves as means to state that an empty morph resource corresponds to no meaning."@en ; :usageNote "An empty morpheme is realized by an empty morph. Often an empty morph is realized for the sake of euphony."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Empty Morpheme"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Morpheme, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom :EmptyMorph ; owl:onProperty :hasRealization ] . :Equative :definition "A case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the NP, thus having the meaning of „as“,“like“, or „in the capacity of“. [Christian Lehmann, under \"equative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_EQT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Equative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_EQT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Ergative :definition """The ergative is the case which marks a nominal expression as bearing the ergative function. [Christian Lehmann, under \"ergative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ERG ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Ergative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ERG ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ErgativeCase . :Essive :definition """The essive (casus essivus localis) is a case expressing a generic stative local or temporal function of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"essive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ESS ; :usageNote """This term is opposed to ‚lative’: insofar as essive cases mark different locations, lative ones mark motions. If the case system contains just one essive case, it is usually called locative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"essive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Essive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalCase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ESS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:EssiveCase . :EssiveFormalCase :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ESSFORM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Essive Formal Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ESSFORM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Evidentiality :definition "Evidentiality expresses the source of information."@en ; :example """Turkmen, for example, has four levels of evidentiality - direct, inferred, assumed, and reported. These are marked in the following way: al-dy 's/he took'; al-ypdyr 's/he took (but I didn't see it)'; alan eken 's/he apparently took'; al-anmyş 'it is rumoured that s/he took'. (http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Evidentiality)"""^^xsd:string ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Evidentiality"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:EvidentialityProperty . :Exclamative :definition "The exclamative is a mood typically used to express exclamation, a vehement expression of strong emotion. [Christian Lehmann, under \"exclamative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_EXCLA ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Exclamative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_EXCLA ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Exclusive :definition "A [...] form is exclusive iff it refers to a group that excludes the addressee. [Christian Lehmann, under \"exclusive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_EXCL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Exclusive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clusivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_EXCL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Expansion :definition "Expansion is a type of derivation which involves a change of the semantic content of a base without changing the word-class by adding a derivational morpheme."@en ; :example "Engl. \"real\" (adjective) --> \"unreal\" (adjective)"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Expansion"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivationalMeaning . :FactitiveVerb :definition "A verb which is derived from an adjective stem denoting causation."@en ; :example """\"black\"(Adj) --> \"blacken\"(Vtr.). [Christian Lehmann, under \"factitive verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en, """\"tot\"(Adj) 'dead' --> \"töten\"(V) 'to kill'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"factitive verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@de ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A factitive verb is a causative verb based on an adjective (or a stative intransitive verb). Delimitation and History: While there may be a subordinate agent in a causative construction, there may be none in a factitive one. This has sometimes been a reason for not subsuming factitive under causative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"factitive verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Factitive Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeadjectivalVerb . :Factitivity :definition "The derivation of a transitive verb from an adjective involving a meaning of 'to make ADJ'."@en ; :example """\"blacken\" (tr.) from \"black\" [Christian Lehmann, under \"factitive verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en, """\"schwärzen\" from \"schwarz\" \"töten\" 'kill' from \"tot\" 'dead' [Christian Lehmann, under \"factitive verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@de ; :externalDefinitionDesc "Factitivity is the property of a verb to be factitive. [Christian Lehmann, under \"factitivity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FACT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Factitivity"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FACT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Factive :definition """The factive is the case of the entity resulting from the verb’s (transformative) action. [Christian Lehmann, under \"factive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FAC ; :usageNote """the term is used in studies of Japanese and Finno-Ugric languages. [Christian Lehmann, under \"factive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Factive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FAC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :FemaleNominalization :definition "Is the derivational modification of a noun rendering a female noun."@en ; :example "König 'king' --> König-in 'queen'"@de ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FEMN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Female Nominalization"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NounExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FEMN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :FemaleNoun :definition "A noun which is derived from another noun stem and that denotes a female person."@en ; :example "\"Fahrer\"(N) 'male driver' --> \"Fahrerin\"(N) 'female driver'."@de ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Female Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalNoun . :Feminine :definition """Feminine gender is a grammatical gender that marks nouns that have human or animal female referents, and often marks nouns that have referents that do not carry distinctions of sex. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsFeminineGender.htm)"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc "The feminine is a gender such that if born by an animate noun, this typically designates a female being. [Christian Lehmann, under \"feminine\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_F ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Feminine"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gender, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_F ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:FeminineGender . :FiniteVerb :definition "A finite verb is a verb form which is finite. [Christian Lehmann, under \"finite verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_VFIN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Finite Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_VFIN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :FirstPerson :definition "The fist person is the value of the category person which prototypically represents the speaker. [Christian Lehmann, under \"first person\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_1P ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "First Person"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_1P ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:FirstPerson . :FocusParticle :definition """A focus particle is a particle 2 which is a focus marker. [Christian Lehmann, under \"focus particle\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ] The terms ‚focus particle’ and ‚scope particle’ are taken as synonymous, since the scope of a scope particle appears to be focal. particle 2: A particle (particula s.s.), or particle proper, is a particle (particula s.l.) which belongs to neither or the other subcategories of particle (particula s.l.) (traditionally adverb, adposition, connective, interjection). [Christian Lehmann, under \"particle s.s.\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@en ; :example "\"erst\" as in \"ich habe sie erst gestern gesehen\", \"da solltest du erst mal Erwin sehen\"."@de ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FOCPART ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Focus Particle"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Particle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FOCPART ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Folklore :definition "Folklore evidentiality encodes the fact that the speaker came to believe the content of the expression through legend, folklore or some other established tradition [Palmer 2001: 40]. Palmer refers to the folklore evidential as a general knowledge evidential."@en ; :example ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FOLK ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Folklore"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FOLK ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:FolkloreEvidentiality . :FrequentativeAktionsart :definition "Is a kind of iterative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"frequentative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FREQ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Frequentative Aktionsart"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :IterativeAktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FREQ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :FrequentiveAspect :definition "Events which are frequently repeated, differs from habitual in that it can only be based upon the observation of several occurrences of the event concerned, whereas habitual can be based upon the observation of a single occurrence [Bhat 1999: 53]."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FREQA ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Frequentive Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FREQA ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:FrequentiveAspect . :FunctionalDerivation :definition "Functional derivation involves a grammatical function of the derivational morpheme, i.e. it designates the assignment to a word-class without addditional semantic content."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Functional Derivation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassChangingDerivation ; owl:equivalentClass gold:CategoryChanger . :FusionalMorpheme :definition "A morpheme is fusional if it entails more than one meaning and if these meanings are expressed in one un-analyzable morph. Hence, a fusional morpheme has at least two mmon:Meaning(s). Each meaning is separated by an underscore in the URI of a fusional morpheme instance."@en ; :example "The English verbal suffix \"-s\" is a morph encoding the meanings 'third person', 'singular' and 'present'. It corresponds to the fusional morpheme \"3_SG_PRS\""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Fusional Morpheme"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Morpheme . :Future :definition "an absolute tense that refers to a time as located after the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"future\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FUT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Future"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FUT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:FutureTense . :FutureInFuture :definition "an absolute-relative tense that refers to a time located in the future relative to a temporal reference point which itself is located in the future relative to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"future-in-future\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """Latin: \"venturus erit\" 'he will be about to come'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"future-in-future\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@la ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FFUT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Future-in-Future"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteRelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FFUT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:FutureInFutureTense . :FutureInPast :definition "an absolute-relative tense that refers to a time located in the future relative to a contextually determined temporal reference point which itself must be located in the past relative to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"future-in-past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "\"would\" in \"John left for the front; he would never return\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"future-in-past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FPST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Future-in-Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteRelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FPST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:FutureInPastTense . :FuturePerfect :definition "an absolute-relative tense that refers to a time located before a contextually determined temporal reference point which in turn must be located in the future relative to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"future perfect\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """future perfect \"will have\" in \"By that time, he will have returned\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"future perfect\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_FUTPRF ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Future Perfect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteRelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_FUTPRF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:FuturePerfectTense . :Gender :definition "Gender is a category of nominal classification based on the cognitive category of sex. Since there are two natural sexes, two-gender systems with a masculine and a feminine gender are frequent, besides such with a further, asexual subcategory, scil. the neuter. [Christian Lehmann, under \"gender\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Gender"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:GenderProperty . :Genitive :definition """The genitive is the case that marks the possessive attribute (which then is a genitive attribute). Phenomenology: The genitive may also mark other adnominal relations of its host, e.g. an associative relation, a source relation, the relation of the whole to its part, a kin relation, agentive and patientive relations of its referent to a nominalized verb. [Christian Lehmann, under \"genitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """whole-part (as „the man’s foot“), kinship (“the man’s brother“), doer-activity (“the man’s singing“), creator-created (“the man’s book“), or depicted-depiction (“the man’s picture“) (examples from Fleming, 1988:10) [Christian Lehmann, under \"genitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_GEN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Genitive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_GEN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:GenitiveCase . :Gerund :definition "The gerund is a converb whose logical subject is coreferential with the subject or, more rarely, the object of the main verb, according to mechanisms of subject-control, and which does not specify the interpropositional relation with the main clause. [Christian Lehmann, under \"gerund\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_GER ; :usageNote """Delimitation and History: A verbal noun is similar to a nonfinite verb. There are two differences: - The former is formed by derivation, the latter by Inflection. - The distribution class of a verbal noun is necessarily that of a noun, while nonfinite verb forms may belong to other distribution classes, including adverbs. Examples: “description“ from „describe“, or „walking“ in „Brisk walking is good exercise“ [Christian Lehmann, under \"verbal noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Gerund"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Converb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_GER ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Gerund . :GrammaticalWord :definition """A grammatical word is a word which is a grammatical formative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"grammatical word\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido] A grammatical word has only a grammatical meaning. It can have different word-forms."""@en ; :example "Engl. \"be\", \"of\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"grammatical word\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Grammatical Word"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LexicalEntry . :HabitualAspect :definition "Habitual is an imperfective that expresses the occurrence of an event or state as a characteristic of a period of time. [Christian Lehmann, under \"habitual\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example , "The English expression „used to“ in „He used to live here“. [Christian Lehmann, under \"habitual\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_HABIT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Habitual Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_HABIT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:HabitualAspect . :HesternalPast :definition "a past tense that refers to a time located somewhere in the span beginning with the period defined culturally as ‚yesterday’ and extending back through some period that is considered nonremote. [Christian Lehmann, under \"hesternal past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_HEST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Hesternal Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_HEST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:HesternalPastTense . :HodiernalFuture :definition "a future tense that refers to a time during the span culturally defined as ‚today’ in relation to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"hodiernal future\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_HODFUT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Hodiernal Future"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Future, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_HODFUT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:HodiernalFutureTense . :HodiernalPast :definition "The hodiernal past is a past tense that refers to a situation having taken place earlier the same day. [Christian Lehmann, under \"hodiernal past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_HODPST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Hodiernal Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_HODPST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:HodiernalPastTense . :Honorificity :definition """A linguistic sign is honorific iff it is part of a subsystem such that the selection among its members expresses a level of status of some speech act participant or, more rarely, some other referent. The person to whom honorification is thus made is not necessarily the referent of the honorific sign. Honorificity is the property of a linguistic sign to be honorific. [Christian Lehmann, under \"honorification\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """As expressed in the distinction in many European languages between familiar and polite second-person pronouns. [Christian Lehmann, under \"honorification\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_HON ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Honorificity"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialDeixis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_HON ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Hortative :definition "The hortative is a grammatical category - commonly a mood -that encodes directive modality directed to the first person, usually plural. [Christian Lehmann, under \"hortative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_HORT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Hortative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_HORT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Human :definition "Is a lexical category of nouns having human referents."@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """An animate being is human iff it belongs to the species of homo sapiens. [Christian Lehmann, under \"humanness\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_HUM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Human"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Animate, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_HUM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:HumanGender . :Humbleness :definition "A grammatical device - usually a person pronominal element -is humble iff it expresses that its referent is socially inferior with respect to another referent. [Christian Lehmann, under \"humbleness\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DEV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Humbleness"@la ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialDeixis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DEV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Illative :definition """The illative is a case that expresses motion into the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"illative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Finnish: \"talo-on\" lit. \"house-into\" 'into the house' [example from Lyons 1968:299] [Christian Lehmann, under \"illative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@fi ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ILL ; :usageNote """This term was first used in Finno-Ugric studies. [Christian Lehmann, under \"illative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Illative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ILL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:IllativeCase . :ImmediateFuture :definition "The immediate future is a future tense that locates a situation in the span starting with the moment of utterance and typically ending when ‚tomorrow’ ends. [Christian Lehmann, under \"near future\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_IMMFUT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Immediate Future"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Future, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_IMMFUT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ImmediateFutureTense . :ImmediatePast :definition "The immediate past is a past tense that refers to a time considered as immediately preceding the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"immediate past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"acabo de hacerlo\" 'I just did it a moment ago'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"immediate past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@es ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_IMMPST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Immediate Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_IMMPST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ImmediatePastTense . :Imperative :definition """The imperative is the mood that encodes directive modality, especially demands, directed towards a speech act participant. The imperative in the strict sense is of second person. The imperative in the wide sense includes the hortative and the jussive. [Christian Lehmann, under \"imperative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_IMP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Imperative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_IMP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Imperfect :definition "The imperfect is an imperfective past (as opposed to aorist). [Christian Lehmann, under \"imperfect\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_IMPF ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Imperfect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_IMPF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ImperfectiveAspect :definition """An imperfective 1 verb is one which views a situation from inside, not seeing its temporal borders, thus providing a partial view of it. The imperfective 2 is the imperfective 1 aspect. [Christian Lehmann, under \"imperfective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example ; :externalDefinitionDesc ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_IPFV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Imperfective Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_IPFV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ImperfectiveAspect . :ImpersonalPassive :definition "An impersonal passive is a passive construction which has no subject. [Christian Lehmann, under \"impersonal passive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :example """\"Hier wird getanzt.\" 'There is dancing here.' [Christian Lehmann, under \"impersonal passive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@de ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_IPS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Impersonal passive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_IPS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ImpersonalPassiveVoice . :Inablative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INABL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inablative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ablative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INABL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InablativeCase . :Inalienable :definition """An inalienable noun is a noun that a) refers to something viewed as permanently and necessarily possessed, and b) is thus obligatorily expressed as possessed. It may require a distinguishing possessive form. (McKaughan and Loving 1973) [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnInalienableNoun.htm]"""@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A noun is inalienable iff it has grammatical, especially morphological, properties of a relational noun. The idea of the term is that the typical denotata of inalienable nouns, such as body parts and relatives, can not change their possessor. Typical properties of the relevant kind are the obligatory government of a possessive attribute, commonly represented or mediated by a possessive affix or clitic, and the necessity to apply derivational marking if no possessive relation is to be expressed. [Christian Lehmann, under \"inalienable noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INAL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inalienable"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AlienabilityClassifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INAL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Inallative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INALL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inallative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Allative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INALL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InallativeCase . :Inanimate :definition """Inanimate 1 is 1. a lexical category of nouns having inanimate referents; 2. a grammaticalized noun class in some languages composed primarily of such nouns. [Christian Lehmann, under \"animacy\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example "http://linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2010/InanimateGender#examples"^^xsd:string ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INAN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inanimate"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AnimacyClassifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INAN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InanimateGender . :InceptiveAspect :definition "InceptiveAspect, also called the ingressive, encodes the beginning portion of some event [Bybee 1985: 147, 149; Payne 1997: 240; Bhat 1999: 176]."@en ; :example ; :externalDefinitionDesc ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INCP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inceptive Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INCP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InceptiveAspect . :Inchoative :definition """The inchoative is the aktionsart of a durative(-terminative) verb derived from a stative base. It designates transition into the state designated by the base. Its application in a language is sometimes so general that it is a general device of deriving dynamic from stative predicates, of verbs from non-verbal bases. It can then be called \"processive\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"inchoative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example "The affix -sc- in Latin: liuere 'be blue' - liuescere 'become blue' marks inchoative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"inchoative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@la ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INCH ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inchoative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INCH ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Inclusive :definition "A [...] form is inclusive iff it refers to a group including the addressee. [Christian Lehmann, under \"inclusive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INCL ; :usageNote """The inclusive value of the clusivity category tends to occur in combination with values of the number or/and person categories. For the sake of consistency accross MMoOn morpheme inventories person and number values must be assigned seperately to morphs exhibiting this combination of category values. Hence, values such as \"first person inclusive\" are not provided under the clusivity category."""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inclusive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Clusivity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INCL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Indefinite :definition """Indefiniteness is a kind of definiteness indicating that the referent(s) of an expression are not presumed to be identifiable. The referent is not identifiable because of a lack of shared knowledge or situation, including no previous mention of the referent. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsIndefiniteness.htm)"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INDEF ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Indefinite"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Definiteness, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INDEF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :IndefinitePronoun :definition """a pronoun which belongs to a class whose members make indefinite reference. An indefinite pronoun may be specific or nonspecific. In the latter case, it may be generic. An indefinite pronoun may be negative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"indefinite pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """somebody, nobody [Christian Lehmann, under \"indefinite pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INDPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Indefinite Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INDPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:IndefinitePronoun . :Indicative :definition "The indicative is the unmarked mood. It is used when no special modal nuance in the clause or sentence is intended. It is the default mood of independent declarative and often also of interrogative sentences. [Christian Lehmann, under \"indicative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_IND ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Indicative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_IND ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:IndicativeMood . :Inessive :definition """a case which expresses location within the referent of the NP, cf. Finnish „talo-ssa“ ‚house-in’ ‚in the house’ [example from Lyons, 1968:299]). This term is used especially in Finnish grammatical studies. [Christian Lehmann, under \"inessive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Finnish: \"talo-ssa\" lit. \"house-in\" 'in the house' [example from Lyons, 1968:299]). [Christian Lehmann, under \"inessive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@fi ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INESS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inessive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INESS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InessiveCase . :Inferential :definition """The inferential evidential is an evidential that signals that the sentence is being inferred from observable evidence. [Christian Lehmann, under \"inferential evidential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INFR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inferential"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INFR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InferentialEvidentiality . :Infinitve :definition "An infinitive is a verb form whose subject slot is blocked so that it does not function as the main verb of an independent clause. However, it does designate a situation core, so it may function as the head of a (nonfinite) dependent clause. Morphologically, it is a non-finite form which is crucially not specified for person, number and mood. Other categories which may or may not be absent include tense, aspect and voice. [Christian Lehmann, under \"infinitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INF ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Infinitive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonFiniteVerb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Infix :definition "An infix is an affix that is added within an otherwise unanalysable root and disrupts this. [Christian Lehmann, under \"infix\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Infix"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affix ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Infix . :Inflection :definition "Is the process of generating word-forms of lexical entries. This class can be extended to describe the inflectional classes of the lexical entries of a language."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Inflection [flexio] is the syntactically relevant part of morphology. It generates word forms (inflectional forms) of word stems. In contrast to derivation, inflection never results in a change of word class and produces a predictable, regular change of meaning (for regular word-forms only). Its expression is typically located farther from the root than that of derivation. [Christian Lehmann, under \"inflection\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :usageNote "In the subclasses of \"Inflection\" the semantic or grammatic categories are not extensively specified. They only serve to declare what kind of morphological relationship(s) is/are expressed on a word-form."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inflection"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :MorphologicalRelationship . :Ingressive :definition "A verb is ingressive if it is derived in such a way as to designate the start of a process. [Christian Lehmann, under \"ingressivity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "brennen 'burn' --> ent-brennen 'inflame'"@de ; :externalDefinitionDesc """An ingressive verb derived from an atelic verb V may roughly be paraphrased by 'start to V'. However, the implication from imperfective to perfect is invalid for ingressives. This shows that they designate not the incipient phase of a process, but rather the phase preceding (the start of) a process. English only has lexical contrasts such as stative \"know\" vs. ingressive \"realize\". Russian may form ingressive verbs by the preverb \"za\", \"govorit' 'speak’ - \"zagovorit\" 'start to speak'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"ingressivity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INGR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Ingressive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INGR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Inhabitant :definition "Denotes the inhabitant of a country, city, location or region noun."@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INH ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Inhabitant"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NounExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INH ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :InstrumentNominalizer :definition "A nominalizer which derives a noun designating the participant of the underlying situation with the semantic role of instrument. [Christian Lehmann, under \"instrument nominalizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INSTNR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Instrument Nominalizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INSTNR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :InstrumentNoun :definition "A noun which is derived from a verb stem denoting that some thing/instrument is used to carry out the meaning of the verb stem."@en ; :example """\"lenken\"(V) 'to steer'--> \"Lenker\"(N) 'handle-bar, steering wheel'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"instrument noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@de ; :externalDefinitionDesc "An instrument noun is an oriented deverbal noun that designates something that functions as an instrument in the situation designated by the base verb. [Christian Lehmann, under \"instrument noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Instrument Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DeverbalNoun . :Instrumental :definition """The instrumental is a case such that an NP in the instrumental means ‚with (i.e. using) NP’. [Christian Lehmann, under \"instrumental\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Instrumental"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InstrumentalCase . :IntensifyingAdverb :definition """An intensifier is an adverb which modifies gradable adjectives, adverbs and verbs and intensifies the meaning of the item it modifies. [Christian Lehmann, under \"intensifyer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTADV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Intensifying Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adverb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTADV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Interablative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTABL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interablative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ablative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTABL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InterablativeCase . :Interallative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTALL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interallative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Allative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTALL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InterallativeCase . :Interessive :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc "Interessive expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'between'."@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTESS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interessive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTESS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InteressiveCase . :Interjection :definition """An interjection is a particle 1 which may represent a sentence. Thus, it is not syntactically related to other sentence components. An interjection is typically brief, used most often as an exclamation or as part of an exclamation and typically expresses an emotional reaction, often with respect to an accompanying sentence. It may include a combination of sounds not otherwise found it the language. [Christian Lehmann, under \"interjection\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """\"psst!\", \"ugh!\", \"well, well!\", \"yes\", \"no\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"interjection\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTJ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interjection"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTJ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Interjection . :Interlative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTLAT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interlative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTLAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InterlativeCase . :Interminative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTERM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interminative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terminative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTERM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InterminativeCase . :Interrogative :definition """The interrogative is a mood that signals a question. [Christian Lehmann, under \"interrogative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interrogative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :InterrogativePronoun :definition "An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is an interrogative pro-form. [Christian Lehmann, under \"interrogative pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """who, which. [Christian Lehmann, under \"interrogative pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interrogative Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Interterminative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTTERM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Interterminative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terminative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTTERM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:InterterminativeCase . :Intertranslative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTTRANS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Intertranslative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTTRANS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:IntertranslativeCase . :Intransitivizer :definition "Intransitivation is a valency decrease which renders a verb intransitive. [Christian Lehmann, under \"intransiviation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A verb is intransitive iff it does not govern a direct object. Derivatively, a construction is intransitive iff it is based on such a verb. An intransitive verb is not necessarily monovalent, as it can take other kinds of complements different from a direct object. [Christian Lehmann, under \"intransiviation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTRR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Intransitivizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :ValencyChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTRR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Intransitivizer . :Intranslative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTRANS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Intranslative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTRANS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:IntranslativeCase . :Introversion :definition """A verb is introversive iff it is derived from a transitive verb by blocking of the undergoer position. Introversion is an intransitivation which suppresses the direct object slot of the base. [Christian Lehmann, under \"introversion\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """\"sobaka kusaet proxozhego\" 'the dog bites a by-passer' -> \"sobaka ksaetsja\" 'the dog bites'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"introversion\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@ru ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_INTRV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Introversion"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Intransitivizer, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_INTRV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Irrealis :definition "Irrealis is a modality which conveys that the proposition is counterfactual. [Christian Lehmann, under \"irrealis\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_IRR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Irrealis"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_IRR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:IrrealisMood . :IrregularConjugation :definition "Conjugation that deviates from the regular inflectional pattern."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Irregular Conjugation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conjugation . :IrregularDegree :definition "Formation of degree of comparison that deviates from any regular inflectional pattern."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Irregular Degree"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Degree . :IterativeAktionsart :definition """A verb is iterative iff it designates a sequence of instances of a given elementary situation. The notion will normally be relevant only if there is an iterative derivation. [Christian Lehmann, under \"iterative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Latin derivation by a -ta-suffix, cf. \"nuere\" 'nod' - \"nu-ta-re\" 'nod'; \"salire\" 'jump' - \"sal-ta-re\" 'dance' [Christian Lehmann, under \"iterative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@la ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ITER ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Iterative Aktionsart"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ITER ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :IterativeAspect :definition "IterativeAspect, also called repetitive, encodes a number of events of the same type that are repeated on a particular occasion. The time interval which is relevant to the iterative is relatively shorter than in the case of the habitual [Bybee 1985: 150; Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 127]. Portrays events repeated on the same occasion (like the iterative knocking on the door) [Bhat 1999: 53]."@en ; :example ; :externalDefinitionDesc ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ITERA ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Iterative Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ITERA ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:IterativeAspect . :Jussive :definition """The jussive is a grammatical category - commonly a mood -encoding directive modality. [Christian Lehmann, under \"jussive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Latin: \"abeat!\" 'Let him go!', i.e. 'I want him to go.' [Christian Lehmann, under \"jussive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@la ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_JUSS ; :usageNote """The jussive may, in principle, be directed to any of the three persons. This is the case of the Amharic jussive and of the Latin jussive subjunctive. However, the first person jussive is normally called hortative. Moreover, since all languages have an imperative, there is often no second person jussive as distinct from the imperative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"jussive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Jussive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_JUSS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Language a owl:Class . :Lative :definition """A lative is a case that expresses motion with respect to the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"lative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_LAT ; :usageNote """This term is used especially in Finno-Ugric grammar. [Christian Lehmann, under \"lative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Lative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LocalCase, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_LAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:LativeCase . :Lexeme :definition "A lexeme [lexema] is a word in its capacity as a unit of the lexicon. In a text, it appears in form of diverse word forms. [Christian Lehmann, under \"lexeme\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Lexeme"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LexicalEntry . :LexicalEntry :definition """A lexical entry is a word as it appears as an entry in a dictionary. It can be a lexeme or a grammatical word. All lexical entries that inflect have a holistic abstract sense representing the core meaning shared by a set of closely-related word-forms. The lexical entry can be one of the word-forms which is chosen as the representative of the inflectional paradigm of the lexeme."""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Lexical Entry"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word ; skos:broadMatch gold:LexicalItem, ontolex:LexicalEntry . :LinguisticCategory :definition """A linguistic category is the intension of a linguistic class. It is typically constituted by a set of features that define a parameter whose values are subcategories of the category in question. [Christian Lehmann, under \"linguistic category\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :usageNote "The linguistic categories modelled here as meanings represent linguistic features which are usually obligatory expressed in a given language."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Linguistic Category"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning . :LocalAdverb :definition "A local adverb is an adverb designating location or direction. [Christian Lehmann, under \"local adverb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """up/downriver, up/downhill, up/down(ward), north(ward), south(ward), east(ward), west(ward), left(ward), right(ward), hither, thither, etc [Christian Lehmann, under \"local adverb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_LOCADV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Local Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adverb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_LOCADV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :LocalCase :definition """A local case is any case such that the NP carrying it designates a reference point for the situation of the clause and the case designates the local relation to this reference point, plus possibly a spatial region of the latter. [Christian Lehmann, under \"local case\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_LOCAL ; :usageNote """Local cases often have temporal, instrumental, causal and other meanings, in addition. They may also be governed and thus forfeit a concrete local meaning. [Christian Lehmann, under \"local case\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""^^xsd:string ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Local Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_LOCAL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Locative :definition """The locative is a case that expresses location at the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"locative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_LOC ; :usageNote """An alternative term „adessive“ is used especially in Finnish and Hungarian studies. [Christian Lehmann, under \"locative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Locative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_LOC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:LocativeCase . :Malefactive :definition "Opposite of Benefactive, used when the marked noun is negatively affected in the clause. [Zúñiga and Kittilä 2010: 5]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MAL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Malefactive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MAL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:MalefactiveCase . :MannerAdverb :definition "an adverb expressing manner. This is the largest subcategory of adverbs in every language. [Christian Lehmann, under \"manner adverb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """quickly, slowly, patiently, etc. [Christian Lehmann, under \"manner adverb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MANADV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Manner Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adverb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MANADV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :MannerCase :definition """a case or a case relator marking the semantic role of manner. [Christian Lehmann, under \"manner\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MOD ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Manner Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MOD ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Masculine :definition """Masculine gender is a grammatical gender that marks nouns having human or animal male referents, and often marks nouns having referents that do not have distinctions of sex. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsMasculineGender.htm)"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc "The masculine is a gender such that if born by an animate noun, this typically designates a male being. [Christian Lehmann, under \"masculine\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_M ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Masculine"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gender, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_M ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:MasculineGender . :MaterialAdjectivizer :definition "An adjective which is derived from a noun denoting some kind of material and means 'being made of this material'."@en ; :example "\"Holz\" 'wood' --> \"hölzern\" 'wooden'"@de ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MATAR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Material Adjectivizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalAdjective, :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MATAR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Meaning :definition "This class comprises a wide range of meanings a word, morph or morpheme can be associated with, e.g. linguistic categories, word-class affiliation, (lexical) senses, derivational meanings."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Meaning"@en . :Mediative :definition """The mediative is a case expression a location between or among the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"mediative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MEDT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mediative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MEDT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Mediopassive :definition "a variety of passive in which the verb has stative meaning and the actor is not expressed, cf. the Chichewa Bantu example with the suffix „-ka“ as a mediopassive-marker in ISE 144.[Christian Lehmann, under \"mediopassive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :example """Chichewa Bantu: mwana wangu wapandi-ka child my beat -MEDIOPASSIVE 'My child has been beaten.' (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsMediopassiveVoice.htm)"""^^xsd:string ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MEDP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mediopassive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Passive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MEDP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :MiddleVoice :definition "The middle is a voice indicating that the subject acts upon himself (reflexively), or for his own benefit, or in the case of a plural subject, on each other. [Christian Lehmann, under \"middle\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """Greek: \"loúo\" 'I wash' vs. \"loúomai\" 'I wash myself' (Hartmann & Stork 1972: 252)"""@el ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MID ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Middle voice"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MID ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Mirative :definition """The mirative is a - generally verbal - category that marks the proposition as unexpected information. [Christian Lehmann, under \"mirative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MIR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mirative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MIR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ModalParticle :definition """A modal particle is a particle with a modal meaning. [Christian Lehmann, under \"modal particle.\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Modal Particle"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Particle . :Mood :definition """Mood is an inflectional category expressing modality. [Christian Lehmann, under \"mood\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido] Modalitiy is a functional domain comprising a set of sentence-level semantic categories which have it in common that they specify a condition of or an attitude towards the realization of what is designated by the sentence. [Christian Lehmann, under \"modality\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mood"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:MoodProperty . :Morph :definition "A morph is a concrete realization of a single morpheme which usually results from segmentation."@en ; :usageNote "A morph resource describes only the perceptible side of a morpheme, i.e. the significans. As such it is not directly associated with a meaning but with a corresponding morpheme resource. The mmoon core vocabulary, however, allows statements such as :Morph :hasMeaning :Meaning in case Morpheme resources are not yet documented."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Morph"@en . :Morpheme :definition """The morpheme class contains the smallest meaning-bearing units of a language. These comprise all semantically or grammatically distinct parts which are identifiable by segmentation of the morphs of which a word or a word-form consists. Depending on the kind of correspondence between a morpheme and its morph realization, three kinds of morphemes are established: 1) atomic morphemes, 2) fusional morphemes and 3) empty morphemes."""@en ; :usageNote """A morpheme resource describes only the conceptual side, i.e. the significatum, which is realized by one or more morphs in a certain language. Thus, the meaning(s) it conveys must be always stated via the mmoon:hasMeaning property. For convenience the morpheme instances are rendered by the same notational means as the morphemic glosses, i.e. a plural morpheme can be rendered in short as \"lang_inv:AtomicMorpheme_PL\"."""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Morpheme"@en . :MorphemeInventory :definition "The morpheme inventory is the object that contains morphemic entries. It is specified for the natural language it describes."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Morpheme Inventory"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Morpheme [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass :Morph ; owl:onProperty :hasMorphemicEntry ] ) ] . :MorphemicGloss :definition "The gloss is the abstract identity of a morpheme and/or a meaning. It serves as a metalinguistic representation of (mostly morphological) meanings."@en ; :usageNote "Most of the glosses used for grammatical concepts are taken from the Leipzig Glossing Rules (https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/pdf/LGR08.02.05.pdf) or from Lehmann 2004 (http://christianlehmann.eu/publ/img.pdf). Lexical senses are usually glossed in English by using the orthographic representation of the lexical element (such as stems and roots) but can be also given in the language of the MMoOn morpheme inventory."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Morphemic Gloss"@en . :MorphemicGloss_1P a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FirstPerson gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "1P"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_2P a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "SecondPerson gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "2P"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_3P a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ThirdPerson gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "3P"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ABL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Ablative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ABL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ABS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Absolutive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ABS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ABSADJ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "AbsoluteAdjective gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ABSADJ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "AbsoluteState gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ACAUS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Anticausative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ACAUS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ACC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Accusative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ACC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ACNR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ActionNominalizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ACNR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ACT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Active gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ACT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ADELAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Adelative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ADELAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ADESS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Adessive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ADESS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ADJ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Adjective gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ADJ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ADJZ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Adjectivization gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ADJZ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ADM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Admonitive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ADM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ADP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Adposition gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ADP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ADV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Adverb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ADV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ADVZ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Adverbialization gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ADVZ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AFFMT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Affirmation gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AFFMT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AGC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Agentive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AGC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AGNR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "AgentNominalizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AGNR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Alienable gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ALL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Allative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ALL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Animate gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ANML a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Animal gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ANML"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ANT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Anterior gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ANT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ANTIP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Antipassive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ANTIP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AOR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Aorist gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AOR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_APPL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Applicative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "APPL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ART a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Article gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ART"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ASSUM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Assumptive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ASSUM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ATTEN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Attenuation gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ATTEN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AUD a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Auditory gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AUD"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AUG a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Augmentation gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AUG"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AUX a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "AuxiliaryVerb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AUX"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_AVERS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Aversive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "AVERS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_BEN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Benefactive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "BEN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_BENDAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "BenefactiveDative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "BENDAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CARD a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "CardinalNumber gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CARD"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CAUS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "CausativeVoice gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CAUS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CAUSC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "CausativeCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CAUSC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CAUSV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Causativization gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CAUSV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CIRP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Circumposition gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CIRP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CNT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Continuative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CNT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CNTV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ConativeAktionsart gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CNTV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CNTVA a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ConativeAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CNTVA"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_COM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Comitative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "COM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_COMM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Common gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "COMM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_COMP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Complementizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "COMP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_COMPL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "CompletiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "COMPL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_COMPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Comparative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "COMPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_COND a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Conditional gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "COND"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CONJ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Conjunction gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CONJ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CONLAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Contlative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CONLAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CONT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ContinuousAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CONT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CONTABL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Contablative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CONTABL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CONTALL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Contallative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CONTALL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CONTERM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Conterminative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CONTERM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CONV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Converb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CONV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_COP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Copula gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "COP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CRAS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Crastinal gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CRAS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_CTB a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Countable gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "CTB"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Dative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DATETH a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DativusEthicus gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DATETH"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DATPOSS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PossessiveDative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DATPOSS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DECL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DeclarativeMood gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DECL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DEDUC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Deductive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DEDUC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DEF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Definite gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DEF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DEL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Delative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DEL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DEMPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DemonstrativePronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DEMPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DES a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Desiderative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DES"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DEST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Destinative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DEST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DET a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Determiner gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DET"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DEV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Humbleness gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DEV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DIM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Diminution gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DIM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DIRC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DirectCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DIRC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DISTR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DistributiveAktionsart gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DISTR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DISTRC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DistributiveCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DISTRC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DISTRV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DistributiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DISTRV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DirectVoice gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DifferentSubject gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DU a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Dual gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DU"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DUB a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Dubitative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DUB"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DUR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DurativeAktionsart gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DUR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DURA a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DurativeAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DURA"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_DYN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Dynamic gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "DYN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_E a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "NoMeaning gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "E"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_EGR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Egressive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "EGR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ELAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Elative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ELAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_EMPHPART a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "EmphaticParticle gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "EMPHPART"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_EQT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Equative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "EQT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ERG a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Ergative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ERG"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ESS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Essive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ESS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ESSFORM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "EssiveFormalCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ESSFORM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_EXCL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Exclusive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "EXCL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_EXCLA a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Exclamative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "EXCLA"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_F a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Feminine gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "F"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FAC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Factive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FAC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FACT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Factitivity gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FACT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FEMN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FemaleNominalization gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FEMN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FFUT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FutureInFuture gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FFUT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FOCPART a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FocusParticle gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FOCPART"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FOLK a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Folklore gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FOLK"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FPST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FutureInPast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FPST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FREQ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FrequentativeAktionsart gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FREQ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FREQA a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FrequentiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FREQA"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FUT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Future gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FUT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_FUTPRF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FuturePerfect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "FUTPRF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_GEN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Genitive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "GEN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_GER a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Gerund gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "GER"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_HABIT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "HabitualAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "HABIT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_HEST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "HesternalPast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "HEST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_HODFUT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "HodiernalFuture gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "HODFUT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_HODPST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "HodiernalPast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "HODPST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_HON a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Honorificity gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "HON"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_HORT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Hortative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "HORT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_HUM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Human gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "HUM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ILL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Illative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ILL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_IMMFUT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ImmediateFuture gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "IMMFUT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_IMMPST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ImmediatePast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "IMMPST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_IMP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Imperative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "IMP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_IMPF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Imperfect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "IMPF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INABL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inablative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INABL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INAL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inalienable gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INAL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INALL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inallative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INALL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INAN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inanimate gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INAN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INCH a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inchoative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INCH"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INCL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inclusive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INCL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INCP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "InceptiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INCP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_IND a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Indicative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "IND"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INDEF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Indefinite gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INDEF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INDPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "IndefinitePronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INDPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INESS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inessive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INESS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Infinitve gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INFR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inferential gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INFR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INGR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Ingressive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INGR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INH a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Inhabitant gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INH"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Instrumental gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INSTNR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "InstrumentNominalizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INSTNR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Interrogative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTABL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Interablative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTABL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTADV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "IntensifyingAdverb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTADV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTALL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Interallative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTALL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTERM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Interminative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTERM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTESS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Interessive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTESS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTJ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Interjection gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTJ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTLAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Interlative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTLAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "InterrogativePronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTRANS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Intranslative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTRANS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTRR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Intransitivizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTRR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTRV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Introversion gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTRV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTTERM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Interterminative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTTERM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_INTTRANS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Intertranslative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "INTTRANS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_IPFV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ImperfectiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "IPFV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_IPS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ImpersonalPassive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "IPS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_IRR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Irrealis gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "IRR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ITER a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "IterativeAktionsart gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ITER"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ITERA a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "IterativeAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ITERA"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_JUSS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Jussive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "JUSS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_LAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Lative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "LAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_LOC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Locative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "LOC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_LOCADV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "LocalAdverb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "LOCADV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_LOCAL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "LocalCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "LOCAL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_LOCNR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PlaceNominalizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "LOCNR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_M a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Masculine gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "M"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MAL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Malefactive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MAL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MANADV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "MannerAdverb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MANADV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MATAR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "MaterialAdjectivizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MATAR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MEDP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Mediopassive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MEDP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MEDT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Mediative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MEDT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MID a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "MiddleVoice gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MID"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MIR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Mirative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MIR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MOD a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "MannerCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MOD"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_MULT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "MultiplicativeCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "MULT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_N a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Neuter gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "N"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_N- a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "DerivativeNegation gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "N-"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NARR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Narrative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NARR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NEG a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Negation gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NEG"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NFUT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "NonFuture gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NFUT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NMLZ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Nominalization gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NMLZ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Noun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NNC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "CommonNoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NNC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NNP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ProperNoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NNP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NOM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Nominative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NOM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NPST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "NonPast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NPST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NUM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Numeral gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NUM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NUMCL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "NumeralClassifier gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NUMCL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_NVIS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "NonVisual gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "NVIS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_OBJC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ObjectiveCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "OBJC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_OBL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Oblique gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "OBL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_OBLG a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Obligative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "OBLG"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_OPT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Optative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "OPT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_ORD a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "OrdinalNumber gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "ORD"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PART a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Participle gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PART"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PASS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Passive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PASS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PATNR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PatientNominalizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PATNR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PAU a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Paucal gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PAU"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PERL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Perlative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PERL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PFUT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PastInFuture gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PFUT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PFV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PerfectiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PFV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PHODFUT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PostHodiernalFuture gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PHODFUT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Plural gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PNCT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Punctual gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PNCT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_POLADJ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PolarAdjective gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "POLADJ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_POS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Positive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "POS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_POSSPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PossessivePronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "POSSPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_POST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Posterior gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "POST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_POSTEL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Postelative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "POSTEL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_POSTESS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Postessive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "POSTESS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_POT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Potential gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "POT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PPOS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Postposition gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PPOS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PersonalPronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PPRF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PastPerfect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PPRF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Pronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRCL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Preclusive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRCL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PREC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Precative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PREC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PREPC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PrepositionalCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PREPC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Perfect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRHODPST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PrehodiernalPast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRHODPST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRIV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Privative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRIV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRIVAR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PrivativeAdjectivizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRIVAR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PROC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Processive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PROC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PROG a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ProgressiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PROG"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PROH a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Prohibitive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PROH"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PROLAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Prolative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PROLAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PROPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Proprietive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PROPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PROPRC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ProprietiveCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PROPRC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PROSP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ProspectiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PROSP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRPOS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Preposition gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRPOS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Present gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRSNR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "PersonNominalizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRSNR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRTC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Particle gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRTC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PRTV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Partitive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PRTV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_PST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Past gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "PST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_QPART a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "QuestionParticle gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "QPART"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_QUAL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Quality gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "QUAL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_QUOT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Quotative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "QUOT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RECMID a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ReciprocalMiddle gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RECMID"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RECPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ReciprocalPronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RECPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RECPST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "RecentPast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RECPST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_REFC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Referentive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "REFC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_REFL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ReflexiveVoice gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "REFL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_REFLPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ReflexivePronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "REFLPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RELL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Relational gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RELL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RELPR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "RelativePronoun gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RELPR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RELPRS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "RelativePresent gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RELPRS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RELPST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "RelativePast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RELPST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_REMPST a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "RemotePast gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "REMPST"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_REP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Repetitive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "REP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RES a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ResultativeAktionsart gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RES"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RESA a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ResultativeAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RESA"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_REV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Reverence gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "REV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RLS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Realis gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RLS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RPRT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Reportative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RPRT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_RVRS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Reversion gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "RVRS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "ConstructState gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SEML a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "SemelfactiveAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SEML"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SENS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Sensory gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SENS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SG a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Singular gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SG"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SIM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "SimultaneousAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SIM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SMLF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "SemelfactiveAktionsart gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SMLF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SOC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Sociative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SOC"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SPECL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Speculative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SPECL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "SameSubject gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_STA a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "State gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "STA"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_STAT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Stative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "STAT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUBABL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Subablative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUBABL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUBALL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Suballative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUBALL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUBEL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Subelative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUBEL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUBESS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Subessive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUBESS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUBJ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Subjunctive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUBJ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUBL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Sublative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUBL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUBTERM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Subterminative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUBTERM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUBTRANS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Subtranslative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUBTRANS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Superlative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUPABL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Superablative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUPABL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUPALL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Superallative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUPALL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUPEL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Superelative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUPEL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUPESS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Superessive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUPESS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUPL a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "SuperlativeCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUPL"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUPTERM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Superterminative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUPTERM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_SUPTRANS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Supertranslative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "SUPTRANS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_TEMP a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "TemporalisCase gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "TEMP"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_TEMPADV a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "TemporalAdverb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "TEMPADV"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_TERM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Terminative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "TERM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_TERMI a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "TerminativeAspect gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "TERMI"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_TIM a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Timitive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "TIM"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_TRANS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Translative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "TRANS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_TRANSF a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Transformative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "TRANSF"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_TRR a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Transitivizer gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "TRR"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_UNCTB a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Uncountable gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "UNCTB"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_UNIT a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Unitive gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "UNIT"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_V a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Verb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "V"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_VBZ a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Verbalization gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "VBZ"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_VFIN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "FiniteVerb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "VFIN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_VIS a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Visual gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "VIS"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_VNFIN a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "NonFiniteVerb gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "VNFIN"^^xsd:string . :MorphemicGloss_VOC a :MorphemicGloss, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:comment "Vocative gloss."@en ; rdfs:label "VOC"^^xsd:string . :MorphologicalRelationship :definition "Is the relationship between word-forms of a [lexical entry] (inflection) or the relationship between [lexical entries] of a word family (derivation and compounding). [Haspelmath and Sims: Understanding morphology. 2002:18]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Morphological Relationship"@en . :MultiplicativeCase :definition """The multiplicative case is a grammatical case used for marking a number of something (\\\"three times\\\"). The case is found in the Hungarian language, for example nyolc (eight), nyolcszor (eight times). The case appears also in Finnish as an adverbial (adverb-forming) case. Used with a cardinal number it denotes the number of actions; for example, viisi (five) -> viidesti (five times). Used with adjectives it refers to the mean of the action, corresponding the English suffix -ly: kaunis (beautiful) -> kauniisti (beautifully). It is also used with a small number of nouns: leikki (play) -> leikisti (just kidding, not really). In addition, it acts as an intensifier when used with a swearword: piru -> pirusti.\" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_case)"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_MULT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Multiplicative Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_MULT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Narrative :definition "a TAM-form which can be prototypically used in narrative discourse. [Christian Lehmann, under \"narrative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NARR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Narrative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NARR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Negation :definition """A linguistic sign - prototypically a clause - is negative iff negation has applied to it. Negation is an operation on a linguistic sign which converts its meaning into the contradictory one. Its prototypical instance is a speech act which declares false the proposition which constitutes the operand. However, negation may apply at all linguistic levels from the sentence down to the word. The operator of negation is the negator. [Christian Lehmann, under \"negation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@en ; :example ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NEG ; :usageNote "Even though this meaning is synonymous to the \"DerivativeNegation\" meaning of the derivational meaning subclass of Expansion, it is modelled here as a separate meaning which is reserved for grammatical morphemes expressing negation, e.g. negative particle, determiners, pronouns."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Negation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Polarity, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NEG ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:NegativePolarity . :Neuter :definition """Neuter gender is a grammatical gender that includes those nouns having referents which do not have distinctions of sex, and often includes some which do have a natural sex distinction. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsNeuterGender.htm)"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc "The neuter is that gender of a three-gender system which is born by propositions and typically not born by animate nouns. [Christian Lehmann, under \"neuter\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_N ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Neuter"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gender, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_N ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:NeuterGender . :NoDegree :definition "Some adjectives do not inflect for the category degree of comparison, e.g. \"dead\", \"absolute\", \"pregnant\". In agreement with the noun it modifies it can still be marked for nominal inflectional categories such as gender, case and number."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "No Degree"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AdjectivalInflection . :NoInflection :definition "This class marks words which do not inflect. This holds for most grammatical words but also for some lexemes (e.g. the invariable adjective \"super\" in German)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "No inflection"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflection . :NoMeaning :definition "This class is established to explicitly state that an empty morph has no meaning."@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_E ; :usageNote "This class can be used to create instances denoting \"no meaning\" in order to assign a meaning to the EmptyMorph class resources."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "No Meaning"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_E ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :NoWordFormation :definition "Simple lexemes that cannot be further segmented into derivational or compositional components exhibit no kind of word-formation. Rather, they serve as the derivational or compositional basis for derived words and compound words."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "No Word-formation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordFormation . :NominalAdverb :definition "A nominal adverb is an adverb which is fomed by conversion from a noun and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ; :example "\"backstage\"(N) --> \"backstage\"(Adv)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nominal Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion . :NominalCompound :definition "A nominal compound is a noun formed by composition of a nominal stem and another stem."@en ; :example "\"blackboard\"(N) = \"black\"(Adj) + \"board\"(N)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nominal Compound"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compounding . :NominalInflection :definition "Is the process of generating word-forms of nominal stems."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nominal Inflection"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflection . :NominalState :definition "Nominal state is an inflectional category of nominals (often found in Semitic, Arabic and Iranian languages) that expresses absence or presence of syntactic dependents of the noun. (Melʹčuk, Igorʹ Aleksandrovič, and David Beck. Aspects of the Theory of Morphology. Vol. 10. Walter de Gruyter, 2006.)"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nominal State"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory . :NominalVerb :definition "A nominal verb is a verb which is fomed by conversion from a noun and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ; :example "\"the steam\"(N) --> \"to steam\"(V)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nominal Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion . :Nominalization :definition "Nominalization is the derivation of nouns from other parts of speech, especially from verbs and adjectives [by means of a derivational morpheme]. [Christian Lehmann, under \"nominalization\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NMLZ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nominalization"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NMLZ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Nominalizer . :Nominative :definition """The nominative is the case that marks the subject in the accusative system of fundamental relations. It is also the case of nouns used in isolation (hence its name) and in predicate position. It is often not marked formally. [Christian Lehmann, under \"nominative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NOM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nominative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :CasusRectus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NOM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:NominativeCase . :NonFiniteVerb :definition "A nonfinite verb is a verb which is nonfinite. [Christian Lehmann, under \"nonfinite verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_VNFIN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Non-Finite Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Verb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_VNFIN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :NonFuture :definition "an absolute tense that refers to a time that may be anywhere in a range at or before the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"nonfuture\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NFUT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Non-Future"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NFUT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:NonFutureTense . :NonPast :definition "an absolute tense that refers to a time that may be anywhere in a range at or after the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"nonpast\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NPST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Non-Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NPST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:NonPastTense . :NonVisual :definition """The nonvisual evidential is a sensory evidential that signals that the speaker has perceived, although not seen, the situation designated by the sentence. [Christian Lehmann, under \"nonvisual evidential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NVIS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nonvisual"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NVIS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:OtherThanVisualEvidentiality . :Noun :definition "A noun s.s. is a word that is a member of a part of speech whose prototypical members designate physical objects. [Christian Lehmann, under \"noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NN ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NN ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Noun . :NounAdjective :definition "A noun adjective is an adjective which is fomed by conversion from a noun and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ; :example "\"Swiss\"(NPr) --> \"Swiss\"(Adj)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Noun Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion . :NounExpansion :definition "Is the expansion of the semantic content of a noun by a derivational morpheme."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Noun Expansion"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expansion . :Number :definition "Number is a grammatical category encoding the cardinality of a referent. A minimal number system distinguishes between one item and more than one item. [Christian Lehmann, under \"number\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Number"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:NumberProperty . :Numeral :definition "A numeral is a word which either expresses a number or a relation to a number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency, or fraction. [Christian Lehmann, under \"numeral\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NUM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Numeral"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NUM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Numeral . :NumeralClassifier :definition """Let a counted NP be an NP that includes a nominal - called the counted nominal - which provides the semantic head, and a numeral specifying the cardinality of the set designated by the counted nominal. A numeral classifier (NC) is a word or affix that is a member of a paradigm with the following properties: 1. A numeral (of the language) forms a binary phrase with a member of this paradigm (thus, not with the counted nominal). This phrase is called classifier phrase. 2. The classifier phrase forms a binary phrase with the counted nominal. This phrase is a counted NP. 3. The choice of the NC from among its paradigm is, by default, conditioned by the semantic class of the counted nominal. This is so both if the counted nominal is a constituent of the counted NP and if the numeral classifier phrase constitutes a headless NP (in deictic or anaphoric use). Condition 3 of the definition implies that the numeral classifier system of a language (its paradigm of numeral classifiers) brings about some sort of classification of the nouns of the language. [Christian Lehmann, under \"numeal classifier\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido] Phenomenology: “Numeral classifiers are found with fair frequency all around the Pacific rim but almost nowhere else.“ (Nichols 1992: 213) [Christian Lehmann, under \"numeal classifier\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """In Chinese, unless the noun itself denotes a unit of a measurement (e.g. nián 'year'), it must be preceded by a classifier when it occurs with a numeral or a demonstrative. (http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Classifier)"""@zh ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NUMCL ; :usageNote """Numeral classifiers differ from mensuratives in the following features: - Semantically, a numeral classifier is a hyperonym of the nominal that the numeral phrase combines with. A mensurative is not. - Consequently, there are commonly selection restrictions of the kind 1 : n between a classifier and the counted nominal, while combinations of mensuratives with measured nominals are n : n. - The syntagmatic semantic relation between a mensurative phrase and the nominal is partitive, while the relation between a classifier phrase and the nominal is not. [Christian Lehmann, under \"numeal classifier\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Numeral Classifier"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Classifier, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NUMCL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ObjectiveCase :definition """Case used to express the direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, object complement and subject of an infinitive. (http://www.isocat.org/rest/dc/2798)"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_OBJC ; :usageNote "This case shall only be used if no other more specific case (i.e. accusative or dative) applies."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Objective Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_OBJC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Obligative :definition "The obligative is a mood or modality of a proposition that (according to its controller) has to be brought about, i.e. that its subject has to do or to undergo. [Christian Lehmann, under \"obligative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"must\" in \"You must do as I say\" or \"has to\" in \"Paul has to be shaved\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"obligative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_OBLG ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Obligative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_OBLG ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Oblique :definition """An oblique case is any case except the casus rectus of the respective system. [Christian Lehmann, under \"oblique case\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_OBL ; :usageNote """Delimitation and History: The distinction between ptosis orthé (casus rectus, direct case) and the other cases goes back to Dionysius Thrax. These others were later called ptóseis plagiai (casus obliqui, oblique cases). Derivatively, non-subject complements are called oblique. Yet more derivatively, other verbal dependents are sometimes called oblique. Phenomenology: Oblique cases are often morphologically marked as against the casus rectus or all based on a special declension stem. [Christian Lehmann, under \"oblique case\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Oblique"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Case, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_OBL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ObliqueCase . :Optative :definition "The optative mood expresses wishes."@de ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_OPT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Optative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_OPT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:OptativeMood . :OrdinalNumber :definition "An ordinal numeral is a numeral which designates a position in a sequence. [Christian Lehmann, under \"ordinal numeral\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """first, second, third ... [Christian Lehmann, under \"ordinal numeral\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_ORD ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Ordinal Number"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Numeral, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_ORD ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:OrdinalNumeral . :Participle :definition "A participle is a verbal adjective or some nonfinite verb form which functions as an adjective. It is distinguished from other verbal adjectives by being neutral with respect to modal categories. [Christian Lehmann, under \"participle\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PART ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Participle"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NonFiniteVerb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PART ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Participle . :Particle :definition "A particle (particula s.l.) is a word of a syntactic class that does not inflect, i.e. neither a noun (nomen) nor a verb. [Christian Lehmann, under \"particle\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRTC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Particle"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRTC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:NominalParticle . :Partitive :definition """A construction or a structural device is partitive iff it expresses that the referent of an NP is only partly affected by the situation. Thus, if the referent is a set, a proper subset is formed; if it is a mass, an instance of that mass is formed; if it is an individual, that individual is only partly affected. The partitive is a case which is partitive. [Christian Lehmann, under \"partitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRTV ; :usageNote """The case is well-known from Finno-Ugric languages. The genitive may have a partitive reading, as in Latin. French has a so-called partitive article. Languages such as Finnish have a special partitive case. [Christian Lehmann, under \"partitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Partitive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRTV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PartitiveCase . :Passive :definition """The passive is a voice which demotes the actor (in subject function) to an adjunct (e.g. a ‚by-phrase’). If there is an undergoer (in direct object function), it is promoted to subject function. The passive can generally only be formed from agentive verbs. [Christian Lehmann, under \"passive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PASS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Passive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PASS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PassiveVoice . :Past :definition "Past is an absolute tense that refers to a time preceding the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PastTense . :PastInFuture :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PFUT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Past-in-Future"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteRelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PFUT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :PastPerfect :definition "an absolute-relative tense that refers to a time that is in the past relative to a contextually determined reference point that must itself be in the past relative to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"past perfect\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"had + verb\" in \"By that time, nearly everyone had left\", where the leaving is in the past relative to \"that time\", which due to the use of the past perfect, must itself be in the past relative to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"past perfect\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PPRF ; :usageNote "Also used for past-in-past and pluperfect tense."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Past Perfect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteRelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PPRF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PastPerfectTense . :PatientNominalizer :definition "An patient nominalizer is a nominalizer which derives patient nouns. [Christian Lehmann, under \"patient nominalizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "\"invite' (verb) --> \"invitee\" (noun)"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PATNR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Patient Nominalizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PATNR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Paucal :definition "The paucal is a number that forms a subset of 'few' members of the designated class. The exact cardinality may vary contextually, but must be more than one and must not be unlimited. [Christian Lehmann, under \"paucal\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PAU ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Paucal"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Number, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PAU ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PaucalNumber . :Perfect :definition "The perfect is a tense encoding present relevance of the result of a situation that terminated in the past. With telic verbs, it indicates that the result state still holds. [Christian Lehmann, under \"perfect\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRF ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Perfect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PerfectTense . :PerfectiveAspect :definition """A perfective 1 verb is one which views a situation from outside, including its temporal borders, thus providing a total view of it. The perfective 2 is the perfective 1 aspect. [Christian Lehmann, under \"perfective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example , "Perfective „He walked there“ vs. imperfective „He was walking there“ or „He used to walk there“. [Christian Lehmann, under \"perfective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PFV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Perfective Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PFV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PerfectiveAspect . :Perlative :definition """The perlative is a case expression spatial orientation, esp. motion, through or by the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"perlative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PERL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Perlative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PERL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PerlativeCase . :Person :definition "Person is a deictic category encoding the speech participant role, including the non-speech-act-participation, of a referent. [Christian Lehmann, under \"person\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Person"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PersonProperty . :PersonNominalizer :definition "A nominalizer which derives a noun from an adjective designating a person that is characterized by the adjective's meaning."@en ; :example "\"umn-yj\" (adjective 'smart/clever') --> \"umn-ik\" (noun 'clever guy')"@ru ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRSNR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Person Nominalizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRSNR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :PersonalPronoun :definition "A personal pronoun is a pronoun (a pro - noun phrase) that codes person. [Christian Lehmann, under \"personal pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """„I“, „he“, „she“, „it“, „we“, „they“ etc. [Christian Lehmann, under \"personal pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Personal Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PersonalPronoun . :PlaceNominalizer :definition "A place nominalizer is a nominalizer that derives place nouns from verbal bases. [Christian Lehmann, under \"place nominalizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_LOCNR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Place Nominalizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_LOCNR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Plural :definition """The plural is a number indicating a plurality of elements of the designated class. The lower limit is two, but may be higher depending on whether the language has a dual and a trial in addition to singular and plural. In some languages the plural is also used for generics and objects that always occur in groups. [Christian Lehmann, under \"plural\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Plural"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Number, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PluralNumber . :PolarAdjective :definition "A polar adjective is one whose meaning designates a value - typically a polar (i.e. extreme) value - on a gradable parameter. [Christian Lehmann, under \"polar adjective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_POLADJ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Polar Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adjective, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_POLADJ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Polarity :definition "The property concerned with encoding the system of positive/negative contrastivity found in a language. The distinction between 'positive' and 'negative polarity' may be expressed syntactically, morphologically or lexically. [Crystal 1997: 297]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Polarity (polaritas orationis) is the property (of a clause or some lower-level unit) of being either positive or negative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"polarity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Polarity"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PolarityProperty . :Positive :definition "The positive is the basic form of an adjective with regard to degrees of comparison. [Christian Lehmann, under \"positive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_POS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Positive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeOfComparison, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_POS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :PossessiveAdjective :definition "A possessive adjective is an adjective derived from a noun designating X which characterizes its referent as belonging to X. [Christian Lehmann, under \"possessive adjective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """Latin: patrius <- pater, Romanus <- Roma. [Christian Lehmann, under \"possessive adjective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@la ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Possessive Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DenominalAdjective . :PossessiveDative :definition """The possessive dative is a dative case marking an NP in the role of possessor. [Christian Lehmann, under \"possessive dative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_DATPOSS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Possessive Dative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_DATPOSS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PossessedCase . :PossessivePronoun :definition """a special type of pronoun used prototypically to indicate the possessor in an attributive possession relation. It typically has the inflectional categories of the adjective. The possessive pronoun is normally a modifier to a head noun that represents the possessum. It can also be used to indicate the subject or object relation for the nominalization of a verb or a nonfinite verb form. [Christian Lehmann, under \"possessive pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_POSSPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Possessive Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_POSSPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PossessivePronoun . :PostHodiernalFuture :definition "a future tense that refers to a time after the span culturally defined as ‚today’ in relation to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"post-hodiernal future\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PHODFUT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Post-Hodiernal Future"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Future, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PHODFUT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PostHodiernalFutureTense . :Postelative :definition """The postelative is a case that signals spatial orientation, esp. motion, away from the back side or from the domain behind of the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"postelative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_POSTEL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Postelative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_POSTEL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Posterior :definition "Posteriority is a temporal orientation of a proposition P referring to a point of reference (proposition) R iff the period of time of P follows the point of time of R. [Christian Lehmann, under \"posteriority\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_POST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Posterior"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_POST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Postessive :definition """The postessive is a case that expresses location behind the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"postessive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_POSTESS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Postessive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_POSTESS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Postposition :definition "A postposition is an adposition that follows its complement. [Christian Lehmann, under \"postposition\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PPOS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Postposition"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PPOS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Postposition . :Potential :definition "The potential is a mood or modality that expresses that the situation designated may be realized. [Christian Lehmann, under \"potential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_POT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Potential"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_POT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Precative :definition "The precative is a mood encoding requests. [Christian Lehmann, under \"precative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """Sanskrit: \"bhav-ati\" 'becomes' - \"bhu-ya-t\" 'may become'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"precative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@sa ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PREC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Precative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PREC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Preclusive :definition """a case with a meaning like „except“. [Christian Lehmann, under \"preclusive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRCL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Preclusive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRCL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Prefix :definition "A prefix is an affix that precedes its stem or root. [Christian Lehmann, under \"prefix\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Prefix"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affix ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Prefix . :PrehodiernalPast :definition "a past tense that refers to a time in some span before that of a contrasting hodiernal past. [Christian Lehmann, under \"prehodiernal past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRHODPST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Prehodiernal Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRHODPST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PreHodiernalPastTense . :Preposition :definition "A preposition is an adposition which precedes its complement. [Christian Lehmann, under \"preposition\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRPOS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Preposition"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adposition, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRPOS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Preposition . :PrepositionalCase :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PREPC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Prepositional Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PREPC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Present :definition "an absolute tense which refers to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"present\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Present"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :AbsoluteTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:PresentTense . :Privative :definition """The privative is a case that expresses the lack or absence of the referent of its noun phrase, i.e. 'without'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"privative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRIV ; :usageNote "also called \"abessive\" case"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Privative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRIV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:AbessiveCase . :PrivativeAdjectivizer :definition "An adjective which is derived from a noun meaning 'lacking N'."@en ; :example "\"vod-a\" (noun 'water') --> \"bez-vod-nyj\" (adjective 'waterless')"@ru ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PRIVAR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Privative Adjectivizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PRIVAR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Processive :definition """The processive is a derivation which converts a stative base (an adjective or a noun) meaning X into a verb meaning 'be/become/act as X'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"processive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition gold:Versive ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PROC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Processive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PROC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ProgressiveAspect :definition "The progressive is an aspect that views a situation from within; i.e. the situation is represented as developing without attention to its temporal boundaries. [Christian Lehmann, under \"progressive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "In English, the progressive can be applied to processes but not to states. If it is nevertheless combined with a stative predicate, this converts it into a process, as in such contrasting pairs as „Fred is silly“ vs. „Fred is being silly“, the former stative, the latter processual and paraphrasable as „Fred is acting in a silly manner“ [example from Comrie, 1976:36]. [Christian Lehmann, under \"progressive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PROG ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Progressive Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PROG ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ProgressiveAspect . :Prohibitive :definition "The prohibitive is a mood that signals prohibition. It is the negative counterpart to the imperative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"prohibitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PROH ; :usageNote "Many languages have a prohibitive allomorph of the negator at the clause level. [Christian Lehmann, under \"prohibitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Prohibitive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PROH ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ProhibitiveMood . :Prolative :definition """The prolative is a case that expresses motion along or by the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"prolative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Finnish: \"-tse\" in ISE 128a, ISE 128b [Christian Lehmann, under \"prolative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@fi ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PROLAT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Prolative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PROLAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Pronoun :definition "A pronoun is a pro-form that belongs to a nominal syntactic category, The prototypical pronoun has the same distribution as an NP. [Christian Lehmann, under \"pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """he, his, which [Christian Lehmann, under \"pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Pronominal . :ProperNoun :definition "A proper name is a name of an individual (as opposed to a collective). [Christian Lehmann, under \"proper noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """\"John\", \"Danube\", \"Argentine\", \"Sirius\" [Christian Lehmann, under \"proper noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_NNP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Proper Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Noun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_NNP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ProperNoun . :Proprietive :definition "A derivational meaning resulting in the meaning 'having N'."@en ; :example """Ponapean: \"pihl\" (noun 'water') --> \"pil-en\" (adjective 'waterly')"""^^xsd:string ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PROPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Proprietive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PROPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ProprietiveCase :definition """The proprietive is a case on X meaning „having X, „provided with X“, similar to the comitative and converse to the genitive insofar as it marks the possessive relatioh on the possessed rather than on the possessor item. [Christian Lehmann, under \"proprietive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PROPRC ; :usageNote """Frequent in Australian languages. [Christian Lehmann, under \"proprietive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Proprietive Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PROPRC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ProspectiveAspect :definition "an aspect encoding a state of being about to do something in future situation (as English „going to“ in „Bill is going to throw himself off the cliff“, a statement of Bill’s present state, true irrespective of whether he is stopped or not). [Christian Lehmann, under \"prospective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "English „going to“ in „Bill is going to throw himself off the cliff“. [Christian Lehmann, under \"prospective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PROSP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Prospective Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PROSP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Punctual :definition "With respect to telicity, there are two alternative conceptions of a punctual situation. On the momentary view, it is bilateral telic. This implies that start and end of the situation are distinct and that there is a moment between them. On the transgressive view, start and end of the punctual situation coincide. It consists in the transition from a situation preceding it to a situation following it and thus has no extension in time. [Christian Lehmann, under \"punctual\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_PNCT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Punctual"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_PNCT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Quality :definition "A derivational meaning resulting in the meaning 'to have the quality of X'."@en ; :example """\"poison\" (noun) --> \"poisonous\" (adjective) \"kind\" (adjective) -> \"kindness\" (noun)"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_QUAL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Quality"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_QUAL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :QuestionParticle :definition "An interrogative particle is a particle which has interrogative meaning and occurs in interrogative sentences. [Christian Lehmann, under \"interrogative particle\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_QPART ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Question Particle"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Particle, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_QPART ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Quotative :definition """The quotative is an evidential that signals that someone else is the source of the information conveyed. [Christian Lehmann, under \"quotative evidential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example , """Shipibo: cai-ronqui reocoocainyantanque going-(quotative) he-turned-over ’Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ (example from Faust W 1973) [Christian Lehmann, under \"quotative evidential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""^^xsd:string ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_QUOT ; :usageNote """Given the definittions of the two classes gold:SecondHandEvidentiality and gold:OtherSourceEvidentiality, both are considered to be equivalent to the mmoon:Quotative class, being expressed by these three terms for the same concept. This class should be used whenever one of the terms \"second hand evidential\" or \"other source evidential\" is encountered."""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Quotative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_QUOT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:OtherSourceEvidentiality, gold:SecondHandEvidentiality . :Realis :definition "Realis is a - normally unmarked - modality that connotes the factuality of the proposition. [Christian Lehmann, under \"realis\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RLS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Realis"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RLS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:RealisMood . :RecentPast :definition "a past that refers to a time in a span including the period culturally defined as ‚yesterday’ and a period ranging backwards, on a cultural and situational basis, to a time a week previous or a few months previous. [Christian Lehmann, under \"recent past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RECPST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Recent Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RECPST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:RecentPastTense . :ReciprocalMiddle :definition "Referents of plural subject do action to one another [Siewierska 1988: 257]."@en ; :externalDefinition "http://purl.org/olia/olia.owl#ReciprocalMiddle"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RECMID ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reciprocal Middle"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :MiddleVoice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RECMID ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ReciprocalMiddleVoice . :ReciprocalPronoun :definition """A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun coding a mutual relationship of action among the referents of a subject that is semantically plural. Phenomenology: Often, the reflexive pronoun functions as a reciprocal pronoun. [Christian Lehmann, under \"reciprocal pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """\"each other\" in \"they hit each other\" or \"they resemble each other\". [Lehmann, under \"reciprocal pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RECPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reciprocal Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RECPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ReciprocalPronoun . :Referentive :definition """a case with the meaning of 'about'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"referentive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_REFC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Referentive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_REFC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ReflexivePronoun :definition "A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun which is coreferent with a nominal expression of the same sentence which has some higher-ranging syntactic function, usually the subject. [Christian Lehmann, under \"reflexive pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_REFLPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reflexive Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_REFLPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ReflexivePronoun . :ReflexiveVoice :definition "Is a middle voice construction that contains a grammatical marking for reflexivity (i.e. by an affix or by a pronoun)."@en ; :example """\"Streljat’-sja ‚’, myt’-sja\" 'to wash oneself' \"Dogon ind-i\" 'to wash oneself' [Christian Lehmann, under \"reflexivity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@ru ; :externalDefinition , ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_REFL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reflexive Voice"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :MiddleVoice, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_REFL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ReflexiveMiddleVoice . :RegularConjugation :definition "Conjugation that exhibits a regular inflectional pattern."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Regular Conjugation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conjugation . :RegularDegree :definition "Formation of degree of comparison that exhibits a regular inflectional pattern."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Regular Degree"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Degree . :Relational :definition "A derivational meaning resulting in the meaning 'related to N'."@en ; :example "\"korol\" (noun 'king') --> \"korol-evskij\" (adjective 'royal')"@ru ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RELL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Relational"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SemanticDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RELL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :RelativePast :definition "a relative tense that refers to a time as located before that of a contextually determined reference point. [Christian Lehmann, under \"relative past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """English forms \"having + verb\", as \"Having spoken, he sat down\" and \"Having spoken, he will sit down\", in which the speaking occurs before a reference point determined by the context [here, the time of sitting], which reference point may itself have differing relations to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"relative past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RELPST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Relative Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RELPST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:RelativePastTense . :RelativePerson :definition "The relative person category manifests switch reference. Term introduced in the 1970s by L. Brodskaya, in analogy to ‚relative tense’. Further developed in Cheremisina et al. 1984, 1986 (Tungusic, Mongolic). [Christian Lehmann, under \"relative person\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Relative Person"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory . :RelativePresent :definition "a relative tense that refers to a time as simultaneous with some contextually determined temporal reference point. [Christian Lehmann, under \"relative present\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """English \"-ing\" forms in certain subordinate clauses; as \"Walking in the woods, he saw a squirrel\" or \"Walking in the woods, he will find buried treasure\", where \"walking\" in both cases is understood as simultaneous with the time of the action of the main verb, which time may bear different temporal relations [before, during, after] to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"relative present\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RELPRS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Relative Present"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativeTense, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RELPRS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:RelativePresentTense . :RelativePronoun :definition "a special pronoun which combines the functions of a plain relativizer and a clause internal pronoun that refers to the head of the relative clause.[Christian Lehmann, under \"relative pronoun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RELPR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Relative Pronoun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Pronoun, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RELPR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:RelativePronoun . :RelativeTense :definition "A relative tense is a tense that refers to a time in relation to a contextually determined reference point that may itself bear any temporal relation to the moment of utterance. [Christian Lehmann, under \"relative tense\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Relative Tense"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Tense . :RemotePast :definition "a past that refers to a time in a span considered as more than a few days ago. [Christian Lehmann, under \"remote past\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_REMPST ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Remote Past"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Past, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_REMPST ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:RemotePastTense . :Repetitive :definition "The repetitive derivation indicates that the process designated by the base occurs once again. [Christian Lehmann, under \"repetitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """English, Spanish and Portuguese use the prefix re-, cf. Engl.: replay, rewrite; Spanish/Portuguese: readaptar 'readapt', reutilizar 'use again'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"repetitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_REP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Repetitive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_REP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Repetitive . :Reportative :definition """The reportative evidential is an evidential that signals that the speaker reports what he has been told. It is the evidential of hearsay. [Christian Lehmann, under \"reportative evidential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RPRT ; :usageNote """Given the definittions of the two classes gold:IndirectEvidentiality and gold:HearsayEvidentiality, both are considered to be equivalent to the mmoon:Reportative class, being expressed by these three terms for the same concept. This class should be used whenever one of the terms \"indirect evidential\" or \"hearsay evidential\" is encountered."""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reportative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RPRT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:HearsayEvidentiality, gold:IndirectEvidentiality . :Representation :definition "A linguistic representation of a word or morph."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Representation"@en . :Representation_ZM :morphemicRepresentation "-Z"^^xsd:string ; a :Representation, owl:NamedIndividual . :ResultativeAktionsart :definition "The resultative Aktionsart designates the transition of the action, process or state encoded in the verbal stem into a resulting and completed new state."@en ; :example "\"arbeiten\" 'to work' --> \"ab-arbeiten\" 'to work sth. off '(until all the work is finished)"@de ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RES ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Resultative Aktionsart"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RES ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ResultativeAspect :definition "The resultative is a verbal aspect which means that the central participant of the situation is in the state resulting from the change designated by the verb stem. [Christian Lehmann, under \"resultative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "\"The vase is broken.\" as a resultative counterpart of \"X breaks/broke the vase.\" [Christian Lehmann, under \"resultative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RESA ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Resultative Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RESA ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Reverence :definition "Reverence is a kind of social deixis encoding very high status. [Christian Lehmann, under \"reverence\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "Latin second-person plural pronoun „vos“ used as a reverential form for addressing an emperor (example from Brown & Gilman 1960: 255). [Christian Lehmann, under \"reverence\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@la ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_REV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reverence"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :SocialDeixis, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_REV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Reversion :definition "Reversion is the property of being reversive. The reversive derivation indicates that the process designated by the base is reversed or its effect undone. [Christian Lehmann, under \"reversion\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "English uses the prefixes un- and dis- for the reversive derivation, as in uncover, unravel; disarm, disengage. [Christian Lehmann, under \"reversion\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_RVRS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Reversion"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_RVRS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Root :definition "A morph that constitutes the semantic nucleus of a stem. It cannot be further segmented and is often not specified for a part of speech. [Christian Lehmann, under \"root\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :example "There are lexical roots, like Engl. \"get\", and grammatical roots, like Engl. \"wh-\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"root\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Root"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Morph ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Root . :SameSubject :definition "[Denotes] relative person indicating that an actant (typically, the subject) of the clause is identical to an actant (again, typically the subject) of some other clause, either a following clause or the final clause in a clause chain, or the main clause in a sentence.[Christian Lehmann, under \"same subject marker\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Same Subject"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :RelativePerson, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :SecondPerson :definition "The second person is the value of the category person which prototypically represents the addressee of the speech act. In nonsingular forms it can include addtional addressees and/or other persons. It normally requires the inclusion of at least one addressee and the exclusion of the speaker. [Christian Lehmann, under \"second person\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_2P ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Second Person"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_2P ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SecondPerson . :SemanticDerivation :definition "Semantic derivation involves a grammatical and a semantic function of the derivational morpheme, i.e. a change of the word-class and some additional semantic content."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Semantic Derivation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassChangingDerivation . :SemelfactiveAktionsart :definition "Is an Aktionsart of verbs designating one instance of a typically durative or iterative situation. The notion will normally be relevant only if there is a semelfactive derivation converting durative into punctual predicates. [Christian Lehmann, under \"semelfactive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """the Russian suffix -nu, cf. \"kolot'\" 'chop' - \"kol'nut\" 'cleave'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"semelfactive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@ru ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SMLF ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Semelfactive Aktionsart"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SMLF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :SemelfactiveAspect :definition "Momentaneous, without an inherent end-point, as sneeze [Michaelis 1998: xvi]."@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SEML ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Semelfactive Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SEML ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SemelfactiveAspect . :Sense :definition "A sense is a single disambiguated meaning of a linguistic sign. It defines the semantic core of a lexeme, stem or root."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Sense is disambiguated, context-dependent meaning: a) It is a specific aspect of a (generic, polysemous) significatum. b) It is the particular meaning of an utterance, construed in the speech situation. Delimitation and History: In usage #a of ‚sense’, a polysemous sign has several senses. In usage #b, the signified is a ‚system-meaning’, while sense is an ‚utterance-meaning’. [Christian Lehmann, under \"sense\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sense"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning . :Sensory :definition """Sensory evidential is an evidential that signals that the speaker has perceived the situation designated by the sentence. [Christian Lehmann, under \"sensory evidential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SENS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sensory"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SENS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:DirectEvidentiality . :SimpleLexeme :definition "A simple lexeme is a lexeme which consists of a core lexical meaning (conveyed in the lexical stem) which cannot be decomposed into more lexical meanings."@en ; :example "\"play\", \"board\", \"little\" are simple lexemes."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Simple Lexeme"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lexeme . :Simulfix :definition "A simulfix is a change or replacement of vowels or consonants (usually vowels) which changes the meaning of a word, e.g. \"eat\" in past tense becomes \"ate \"tooth\" becomes \"teeth\" when plural. [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsASimulfix.htm]"@en ; :example """In \"man - men\", the latter contains the replacive morph 'a -> e'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"replacive morph\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Also known as replacive morph: A replacive morph is a descriptive construct representing an internal modification. Delimitation and History: The replacive morph is a construct of taxonomic structuralism. [Christian Lehmann, under \"replacive morph\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Simulfix"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affix . :SimultaneousAspect :definition "a temporal relation in which the events or states of proposition(s) are communicated as occurring at the same time, cf. „while“ in „Mrs. Brown bought groceries while Mr. Brown got gas for the car“ (example from Fleming 1988: 182) and by expressions such as „simultaneously“ and „meanwhile“ (examples from Halliday & Hasan 1976: 262). [Christian Lehmann, under \"simultaneity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "„while“ in „Mrs. Brown bought groceries while Mr. Brown got gas for the car“ (example from Fleming 1988: 182)"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SIM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Simultaneous Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SIM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SimultaneousAspect . :Singular :definition "The singular is a number selecting one element of the designated class. Since it is unmarked as against all other numbers, it may also be used when the cardinality of the referent set is left open or specified elsewhere in the context (e.g. by a numeral). It may also be used for generics and unbounded masses. [Christian Lehmann, under \"singular\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SG ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Singular"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Number, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SG ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SingularNumber . :SocialDeixis :definition "Social deixis is deixis based on the social characteristics or distinctions of the participants or referents of a speech act. [Christian Lehmann, under \"social deixis\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Social Deixis"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory . :Sociative :definition """a case having the meaning of 'with'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"sociative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SOC ; :usageNote "Also called associative."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sociative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SOC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Speculative :definition """Is an evidential that signals that the speaker judges, from other facts, that the proposition expressed by his utterance is possibly true. [Christian Lehmann, under \"speculative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SPECL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Speculative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Evidentiality, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SPECL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :State :definition "Designates the stativity of the derived base."@en ; :example "\"child\" --> \"child-hood\"."@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_STA ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "State"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :NounExpansion, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_STA ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Stative :definition """A phenomenon - especially a situation - is stative to the extent that it does not change during the time that it obtains. Derivatively, a linguistic sign designating such a phenomenon is called stative. Christian Lehmann, under \"stativity\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_STAT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Stative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aktionsart, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_STAT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Stem :definition """In a word-form: The stem is the morph to which inflectional marking applies. It is the morphological representative of the lexeme in a given word-form and is specified for part of speech. In a derived word: The stem is the morphological representative of the lexical basis from which it is derived. In a compound word: The stem is the morphological representative of one of the two stems the word is composed of."""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Stem"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Morph ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Stem . :Subablative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUBABL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Subablative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ablative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUBABL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SubablativeCase . :Suballative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUBALL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Suballative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Allative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUBALL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SuballativeCase . :Subelative :definition """The subelative is a case expressing motion away from the space under the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"subelative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUBEL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Subelative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUBEL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Subessive :definition """The subessive is a case that expresses location under the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"subessive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUBESS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Subessive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUBESS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SubessiveCase . :Subjunctive :definition "The subjunctive is the mood that is minimally marked as opposed to the indicative and that marks a clause as not directly representing an assertion of the speaker’s. [Christian Lehmann, under \"subjunctive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUBJ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Subjunctive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUBJ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SubjunctiveMood . :Sublative :definition """The sublative is a case expression spatial orientation, esp. motion, towards the lower surface or the region beneath the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"sublative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUBL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sublative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUBL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SublativeCase . :Subterminative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUBTERM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Subterminative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terminative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUBTERM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SubterminativeCase . :Subtranslative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUBTRANS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Subtranslative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUBTRANS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SubtranslativeCase . :Suffix :definition "A suffix is an affix that follows its stem or root. [Christian Lehmann, under \"suffix\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Suffix"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affix ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Suffix . :Superablative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUPABL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Superablative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Ablative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUPABL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SuperablativeCase . :Superallative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUPALL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Superallative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Allative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUPALL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SuperallativeCase . :Superelative :definition """The superelative is a case expressing motion away from the space above or from the upper surface of the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"superelative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUPEL ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Superelative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Elative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUPEL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Superessive :definition """The superessive is a case that expresses location (up)on or over the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"superessive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUPESS ; :usageNote """This term is used especially in studies of Finno-Ugric languages. [Christian Lehmann, under \"superessive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Superessive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Essive, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUPESS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SuperessiveCase . :Superlative :definition "The superlative is a grammatical category of the adjective or adverb which signifies that whatever is modified by the adjective/adverb has the property designated by it to a higher degree than all the other members of the same class. [Christian Lehmann, under \"superlative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "high --> high-est"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Superlative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DegreeOfComparison, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :SuperlativeCase :definition """The superdirective (non-standard: superlative) is a case which expresses motion over the top of the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"superdirective\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUPL ; :usageNote "also called \"superdirective\"."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SuperlativeCase"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUPL ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SuperlativeCase . :Superterminative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUPTERM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Superterminative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Terminative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUPTERM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SuperterminativeCase . :Supertranslative :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_SUPTRANS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Supertranslative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Translative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_SUPTRANS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:SupertranslativeCase . :SyntheticWordform :definition "A word form is synthetic 1 iff it is not analytic [i.e. all its semantic and grammatical components are represented in one word form]. [Christian Lehmann, under \"synthesis\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example "\"went\" is a synthetic word-form of the simple lexeme \"go\"."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Synthetic Word-form"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Wordform . :TemporalAdverb :definition "A temporal adverb is an adverb which refers to the time of an action. [Christian Lehmann, under \"temporal adverb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """Yagua has an adverb \"tââriy\" which means something like 'long time'. With a clause in the past tense it means 'a long time ago', in other clauses it means 'for a long time' or 'late in the afternoon'. [Christian Lehmann, under \"temporal adverb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""^^xsd:string, """yesterday, today, tomorrow, next/last year/week/ month, early, late etc. [Christian Lehmann, under \"temporal adverb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_TEMPADV ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Temporal Adverb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Adverb, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_TEMPADV ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :TemporalisCase :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_TEMP ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Temporalis Case"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_TEMP ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Tense :definition """Tense is a grammatical category that manifests the time at which a situation holds. This is done by relating the time meant to some reference point, which is by default the time of the speech act. Therefore, tense is a deictic category. The most important temporal relations between the two time-points are simultaneity, anteriority and posteriority. They found the tenses present, past and future. [Christian Lehmann, under \"tense\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Tense"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:TenseProperty . :Terminative :definition """The terminative is a case that expresses motion as far as or up to the location of the referent of its carrier. [Christian Lehmann, under \"destinative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_TERM ; :usageNote "also called \"destinative\" case."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Terminative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_TERM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:TerminativeCase . :TerminativeAspect :definition """A telic situation is terminative, iff it contains the end point of a process. A verb that designates such a situation has terminative aktionsart. Terminativity is the property of a situation to be terminative. [Christian Lehmann, under \"terminativitty\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_TERMI ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Terminative Aspect"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aspect, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_TERMI ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:TerminativeAspect . :ThirdPerson :definition "The third person is the value of the category person which prototypically represents a non-speech act participant and functions anaphorically. [Christian Lehmann, under \"third person\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_3P ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Third Person"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_3P ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:ThirdPerson . :Timitive :definition "The timitive is a mood encoding the speaker’s fear that the unfavorable proposition expressed by his utterance will come about. [Christian Lehmann, under \"timitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :example """the Turkish suffix \"-esi\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"timitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@tr ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_TIM ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Timitive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mood, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_TIM ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:TimitiveMood . :Transfix :definition "A transfix is a discontinuous affix at least one of whose components is an infix. [Christian Lehmann, under \"transfix\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido ]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Transfix"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affix . :Transformative :definition """The transformative [casus transformativus] is a case marking the goal of a change of category, property or state. [Christian Lehmann, under \"transformative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Estonian: soo muutu-s põllu-ks marsh(NOM) change:PAST-3.SG field-TRNSF 'the swamp changed into arable land' [Christian Lehmann, under \"transformative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@et ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_TRANSF ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Transformative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Oblique, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_TRANSF ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Transitivizer :definition "A transitiviser is an affix which changes the transitivity of an intransitive verb into a transitive one. [Christian Lehmann, under \"transitivizer\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_TRR ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Transitivizer"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :ValencyChange, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_TRR ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Transitivizer . :Translative :definition """The translative is a case marking an NP through whose referent something moves. [Christian Lehmann, under \"translative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Finnish: \"-ksi\" with local and transformative meaning. ISE 129a ISE 129b [Christian Lehmann, under \"translative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@fi ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_TRANS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Translative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Lative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_TRANS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:TranslativeCase . :Uncountable :definition """A mass noun is a noun which designates a mass. It has distinguishing features such as inability to take a plural form, or occurrence with distinctive determiners, such as English „some“ and „much“, but not with others, such as English“many“. See the engl. examples „stealth“, „much stealth“, *“stealths“, *“a stealth“. [Christian Lehmann, under \"mass noun\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :externalDefinition ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A mass noun is a noun whose referents are not thought of as separate entities. It may have distinguishing features such as the following: - The inability to take a plural form - Cooccurrence with some determiners (such as some and much), but not others (such as the English many) [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAMassNoun.htm]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_UNCTB ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Uncountable"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Countability, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_UNCTB ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Unitive :definition """The unitive is a case such that an NP in the unitive means ‚together with NP’. [Christian Lehmann, under \"unitive\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_UNIT ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Unitive"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Comitative, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_UNIT ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :ValencyChange :definition "Valency-changing derivation is any derivation which changes the valency of a stem. [Christian Lehmann, under \"valency-changing derivation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Valency Change"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :VerbExpansion . :Verb :definition "A verb is a word that is a member of a part of speech whose prototypical members designate events and processes. [Christian Lehmann, under \"verb\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_V ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Verb"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :WordclassAffiliation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_V ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:Verbal . :VerbExpansion :definition "The expansion of the semantic content of a verb by a derivational morpheme."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Verb Expansion"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Expansion . :VerbalAdjective :definition "A verbal adjective is an adjective which is fomed by conversion from a verb and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ; :example "\"regierend\"(VParticiple) 'to reign' --> \"regierend\"(Adj) 'reigning'."@de ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Verbal Adjective"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion . :VerbalCompound :definition "A verbal compound is a verb formed by composition of a verbal stem and another stem."@en ; :example "Eng.: \"force feed\"(V) = \"force\"(N) + \"feed\"(V)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Verbal Compound"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Compounding . :VerbalInflection :definition "Is the process of generating word-forms of verbal stems."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Verbal Inflection"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Inflection . :VerbalNoun :definition "A verbal noun is a noun which is fomed by conversion from a verb and which entails no further derivational meaning except the entailed wordclass-change."@en ; :example "\"to call\"(V) --> \"the call\"(N)."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Verbal Noun"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Conversion . :Verbalization :definition "Verbalization is the derivation of a verb from another part of speech [by means of a derivational morpheme]. [Christian Lehmann, under \"verbalization\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_VBZ ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Verbalization"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :FunctionalDerivation, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_VBZ ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] . :Visual :definition """The visual evidential is a sensory evidential that signals that the speaker has seen the situation designated by the sentence. [Christian Lehmann, under \"visual evidential\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_VIS ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Visual"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sensory, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_VIS ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:VisualEvidentiality . :Vocative :definition """The vocative is the case of a noun whose referent is being addressed by the use of the noun. The vocative is unlike all the other cases in that the NP marked for it has no syntactic function in a clause, but constitutes a clause - and consequently possibly an utterance -by itself. If the vocative needs to be classified as either casus rectus or obliquus, since it is definitely not oblique, it has to be rectus. [Christian Lehmann, under \"vocative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; :example """Latin. „Brute“ in „Et tu, Brute!“ ‚You too, Brutus!’ (Hartmann & Stork 1972:251) [Christian Lehmann, under \"vocative\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@la ; :externalDefinition ; :hasAbstractIdentity :MorphemicGloss_VOC ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Vocative"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :CasusRectus, [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue :MorphemicGloss_VOC ; owl:onProperty :hasAbstractIdentity ] ; owl:equivalentClass gold:VocativeCase . :Voice :definition "Voice is a grammatical category that expresses the semantic functions attributed to the referents of a clause. It indicates whether the subject is an actor, patient, or recipient. (http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsVoice.htm)"@en ; :externalDefinition ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Voice"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :LinguisticCategory ; owl:equivalentClass gold:VoiceProperty . :Word :definition """A word is a unit which is a constituent at the phrase level and above. It is sometimes identifiable according to such criteria as a) being the minimal possible unit in a reply, b) having features such as a regular stress pattern, and phonological changes conditioned by or blocked at word boundaries, c) being the largest unit resistant to insertion of new constituents within its boundaries, or d) being the smallest constituent that can be moved within a sentence without making the sentence ungrammatical. A word is sometimes placed, in a hierarchy of grammatical constituents, above the morpheme level and below the phrase level. [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAWord.htm]"""@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """A word is a (grammatical) unit that enjoys a moderate degree of autonomy. I.e. while its parts tend to occupy fixed (morphological) positions, to be welded phonologically, to contract well-defined paradigmatic relations, all this is true to a lesser extent for the word itself and to an even lesser extent for the syntagm. The cognitive counterpart of a word in general is a mental representation. (Christian Lehmann, under \"word\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Word"@en . :WordFormation :definition """Is the formation of lexical entries based on other lexical entries by the means of derivation and compounding. Word-formation is also called lexeme-formation and stem-formation ."""@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc """Stem formation is the lexical part of morphology. Stem formation is the formation of stems, normally on the basis of at least one component stem. Each stem thus generated potentially constitutes a lexeme [lexema] of its own. [Christian Lehmann, under \"word formation\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Word-formation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :MorphologicalRelationship . :WordclassAffiliation :definition "This class contains word-classes a word, morph or morpheme is affiliated with."@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Wordcalss Affiliation"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Meaning . :WordclassChangingDerivation :definition """Is a type of derivation which involves a change of the word-class of the base: a) without additional semantic content or b) with additional semantic content by adding a derivational morpheme."""@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Word-class Changing Derivaion"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :DerivationalMeaning . :Wordform :definition "A word-form is an inflectional variant of a lexical entry."@en ; :example "\"said\" is a word form of \"say\". [Christian Lehmann, under \"word form\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc "A word form is one of the morphological manifestations of a lexeme in text. For all parts of speech that inflect, the specification of inflectional categories for a lexeme generates the set of its word forms. [Christian Lehmann, under \"word form\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Word-form"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Word . :ZeroMorph :definition "A morpheme that has a morphological meaning that corresponds to no overt form. [Haspelmath and Sims: Understanding morphology. 2002:64]"@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc "A zero morpheme is a morpheme which has no significans. [Christian Lehmann, under \"zero morpheme\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en ; :hasRepresentation :Representation_ZM ; :usageNote "A zero morpheme is posited only if it is in equipollent opposition to overt morphemes. If the term in question is, instead, the unmarked member of a privative opposition, no morpheme is posited. Conversion can be conceived as derivation using a zero morpheme. [Christian Lehmann, under \"zero morpheme\" at http://linguistik.uni-regensburg.de:8080/lido/Lido]"@en, """Since zero morphs have no corresponding orthographic or phonetic representation the representation of of a zero morph instance to be chosen for consistency across all MMoOn morpheme inventories is \"mmoon:Representation_ZM\", which is already specified for its morphemic representation “-Z” in the MMoOn Core ontology . lang_inv:Zeromorph_x rdf:type lang_schema:ZeroMorph ; mmoon:hasRepresentation mmoon:Representation_ZM . mmoon:Representation_ZM rdf:type mmoon:Representation ; mmoon:morphemicRepresentation \"-Z\" ."""@en ; a owl:Class, owl:NamedIndividual ; rdfs:label "Zero Morph"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf :Affix . :associatedToLanguage :definition "States that a morpheme inventory, morph or word is associated to a specific langauge."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "associated to language"@en ; rdfs:range :Language . :attachedTo :definition "States that an affix is attached to some stem or root."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Affix ; rdfs:label "attached to"@en ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Root :Stem ) ] . :attachedToRoot :definition "States that an affix is attached to some root."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Affix ; rdfs:label "attached to root"@en ; rdfs:range :Root ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :attachedTo . :attachedToStem :definition "States that an affix is attached to some stem."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Affix ; rdfs:label "attached to stem"@en ; rdfs:range :Stem ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :attachedTo . :belongsTo :definition "States that a morph belongs to some word, stem or root."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Morph ; rdfs:label "belongs to"@en ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Root :Stem :Word ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :consistsOfMorph . :belongsToLexicalEntry :definition "States that a word-form resource belongs to a lexical entry resource."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Wordform ; rdfs:label "belongs to lexical entry"@en ; rdfs:range :LexicalEntry ; owl:inverseOf :hasWordform . :compoundingRelation :definition "States which kind of compounding relationship applies to a compound word."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :CompoundWord ; rdfs:label "compounding relation"@en ; rdfs:range :Compounding ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMorphologicalRelationship . :consistsOfAffix :definition "States that a word, stem or root consists of some affix."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "consists of affix"@en ; rdfs:range :Affix ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :consistsOfMorph . :consistsOfMorph :definition "States that a word, stem or root consists of some morph."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Root :Stem :Word ) ] ; rdfs:label "consists of morph"@en ; rdfs:range :Morph . :consistsOfRoot :definition "States that a word, stem or root consists of some root."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "consists of root"@en ; rdfs:range :Root ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :consistsOfMorph . :consistsOfStem :definition "States that a word or stem consists of some stem."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Stem :Word ) ] ; rdfs:label "consists of stem"@en ; rdfs:range :Stem ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :consistsOfMorph . :consistsOfWord :definition "States that an analytic word-form (such as \"more big\" being the comparative form of the adjective \"big\") or compound word consists of other word resources."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:AnalyticWordform :CompoundWord ) ] ; rdfs:label "consists of word"@en ; rdfs:range :Word . :contextualInflectionalMeaning :definition """States that the meaning \"comprises values (of linguistic categories) which are assigned [...] because of the syntactic context in which it (the word or morph) appears\". [Haspelmath and Sims: Understanding morphology. 2002:100]"""@en ; :example "\"klein-e Frau\" 'small-NOM.SG.F woman.NOM.SG.F' - contextual inflection (noun agreement marking)"@de ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "contextual inflectional meaning"@en ; rdfs:range :LinguisticCategory ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :inflectionalMeaning . :correspondsToMorpheme :definition "States that a morph corresponds to a morpheme."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Morph ; rdfs:label "corresponds to morpheme"@en ; rdfs:range :Morpheme ; owl:inverseOf :hasRealization . :definition :definition "A definition for MMoOn vocabulary item (classes, properties, also possibly individuals)."@en ; a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment, skos:definition . :derivationalMeaning :definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some derivational meaning."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "derivational meaning"@en ; rdfs:range :DerivationalMeaning ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning . :derivationalRelation :definition "States which kind of derivational relationship applies to a derived word."@en ; :usageNote "This property is also used to state that a simple lexeme which cannot be further segmented with respect to word-formation has the morphological relationship mmoon:NoWordFormation."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :DerivedWord ; rdfs:label "derivational relation"@en ; rdfs:range :Derivation ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMorphologicalRelationship . :example a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment . :externalDefinition :definition """A reference to a (typically alternative) definition for MMoOn vocabulary items. Solely to be used to refer to Web Resources identified by their URI/IRI (which ideally should be Linked Data)."""@en ; a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:range rdfs:Resource ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment . :externalDefinitionDesc :definition """A reference to an (typically alternative) definition for MMoOn vocabulary items. To be used when no URI/IRI can be provided as reference point or when additional textual information has to be provided for an URI/IRI reference to be sufficiently specific."""@en ; a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:range rdf:langString ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment . :forLanguage :definition "States that a MMoOn morpheme inventory is specified for a certain language."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :MorphemeInventory ; rdfs:label "for language"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :associatedToLanguage . :grammaticalMeaning :definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some grammatical meaning."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "grammatical meaning"@en ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:LinguisticCategory :WordclassAffiliation ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning . :hasAbstractIdentity :definition "States that a morpheme or meaning resource is assigned to one (ore more) morphemic gloss(es)."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Meaning :Morpheme ) ] ; rdfs:label "has abstract identity"@en ; rdfs:range :MorphemicGloss . :hasMeaning :definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some meaning."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Morph :Morpheme :Word ) ] ; rdfs:label "has meaning"@en ; rdfs:range :Meaning . :hasMorphemicEntry :definition "States that a morpheme inventory resource has morphemes as morphemic entries, thus building the intension of the morpheme inventory."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :MorphemeInventory ; rdfs:label "has morphemic entry"@en ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Morph :Morpheme ) ] . :hasMorphologicalRelationship :definition "Specifies the morphological relationship of a word."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Word ; rdfs:label "has morphological relationship"@en ; rdfs:range :MorphologicalRelationship . :hasRealization :definition "States that a morpheme is realized by a morph."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Morpheme ; rdfs:label "has realization"@en ; rdfs:range :Morph . :hasRepresentation :definition "States that a word or morph has some linguistic representation."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:Morph :Word ) ] ; rdfs:label "has representation"@en ; rdfs:range :Representation . :hasSense :definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some sense."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has sense"@en ; rdfs:range :Sense ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning . :hasWordclassAffiliation :definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has a wordclass affiliation."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has wordclass affiliation"@en ; rdfs:range :WordclassAffiliation ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning . :hasWordform :definition "States that a lexical entry resource has an associated word-form resource."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :LexicalEntry ; rdfs:label "has wordform"@en ; rdfs:range :Wordform . :inflectionalMeaning :definition "States that a morph, morpheme or word resource has some inflectional meaning."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "inflectional meaning"@en ; rdfs:range :LinguisticCategory ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMeaning . :inflectionalRelation :definition "States which kind of inflectional relationship applies to a word."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Word ; rdfs:label "inflectional relation"@en ; rdfs:range :Inflection ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasMorphologicalRelationship . :inherentInflectionalMeaning :definition """States that the meaning \"comprises features (= linguistic categories) that are relevant to the syntax but convey a certain amount of independent information\". E.g. the tense/aspect values for verbs or the number or gender values for nouns. [Haspelmath and Sims: Understanding morphology. 2002:100]"""@de ; :example "\"klein-er-e Frau\" 'small-COMPR-NOM.SG.F woman.NOM.SG.F' - inherent inflection for degree of comparison"@de ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "inherent inflectionalm eaning"@en ; rdfs:range :LinguisticCategory ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :inflectionalMeaning . :isAllomorphTo :definition "States that a morph is an allomorph to another morph which are both realizations of the same morpheme and which occur in complementary or free distribution."@en ; :externalDefinitionDesc "An allomorph is one of two or more complementary morphs which manifest a morpheme in its different phonological or morphological environments. [http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAllomorph.htm]"@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Morph ; rdfs:label "is allomorph to"@en ; rdfs:range :Morph . :isComposedOf :definition "States that a compound word is composed of a lexical entry resource."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :CompoundWord ; rdfs:label "is composed of"@en ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GrammaticalWord :Lexeme ) ] . :isDerivedFrom :definition "States that a derived word is derived from a lexical entry resource."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :DerivedWord ; rdfs:label "is derived from"@en ; rdfs:range [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf (:GrammaticalWord :LexicalEntry ) ] . :isHomonymTo :definition "States that a morph is homonym to another morph, i.e. although sharing the same orthographic and/or morphemic representation both morphs encode different meanings and thus realize different morphemes."@en ; a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Morph ; rdfs:label "is homonym to"@en ; rdfs:range :Morph . :morphemicRepresentation :definition """Is the representation of a morph. It includes: a) marking of the prefix boundary with a hyphen, eg. prefix- b) marking of the suffix boundary with a hyphen, e.g. -suffix c) marking of the infix boundry inclosed in angled brackets, e.g. d) marking of the circumfix boundary by setting them off by angled brackets, e.g. circumfix prefix> ; :usageNote "A reference to the mapping relation of the two writing system involved is highly recommended."@en ; a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :Representation ; rdfs:label "transliteration"@en ; rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral . :usageNote a owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment .