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"Erlangen CRM / OWL - An OWL DL 1.0 implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, based on: Nick Crofts, Martin Doerr, Tony Gill, Stephen Stead, Matthew Stiff (eds.): Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (http://cidoc-crm.org/).\nThis implementation has been originally created by Bernhard Schiemann, Martin Oischinger and G\u00FCnther G\u00F6rz at the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Computer Science 8 (Artificial Intelligence) in cooperation with the Department of Museum Informatics of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg and the Department of Biodiversity Informatics of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn.\nThe Erlangen CRM / OWL implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License."@en .
"Changelog: https://github.com/erlangen-crm/ecrm/commits/master"@en .
"Erlangen CRM / OWL"@en .
"ECRM 211015 / CIDOC-CRM 7.1.1"^^ .
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"Scope note:\nThis class comprises signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class or category within a certain context.\n\nInstances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but instead by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e., other instances of E41 Appellation that are always regarded as equivalent independent from the thing it denotes.\n\nDifferent languages may use different appellations for the same thing, such as the names of major cities. Some appellations may be formulated using a valid noun phrase of a particular language. In these cases, the respective instances of E41 Appellation should also be declared as instances of E33 Linguistic Object. Then the language using the appellation can be declared with the property P72 has language: E56 Language.\n\nInstances of E41 Appellation may be used to identify any instance of E1 CRM Entity and sometimes are characteristic for instances of more specific subclasses E1 CRM Entity, such as for instances of E52 Time-Span (for instance \u201Cdates\u201D), E39 Actor, E53 Place or E28 Conceptual Object. Postal addresses and E-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients.\n\nEven numerically expressed identifiers for extents in space or time are also regarded as instances of E41 Appellation, such as Gregorian dates or spatial coordinates, even though they allow for determining some time or location by a known procedure starting from a reference point and by virtue of that fact play a double role as instances of E59 Primitive Value.\n\nE41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment\n\nExamples:\n- \"Martin\" \n- \u201CAquae Sulis Minerva\u201D\n- \"the Merchant of Venice\" (E35) (McCullough, 2005)\n- \"Spigelia marilandica (L.) L.\" [not the species, just the name] (Hershberger, Robacker and Jenkins, 2015)\n- \"information science\" [not the science itself, but the name through which we refer to it in an English-speaking context] \n- \u201C\u5B89\u201D [Chinese \"an\", meaning \"peace\"]\n- \u201C6\u00B05\u201929\u201DN 45\u00B012\u201913\u201DW\u201D [example of spatial coordinate]\n- \u201CBlack queen\u2019s bishop 4\u201D [chess coordinate, example of spatial coordinate]\n- \u201C19-MAR-1922\u201D [example of date]\n- \u201C+41 22 418 5571\u201D [example of contact point]\n- \"weasel@paveprime.com\" [example of contact point]\n- \u201CCH-1211, Gen\u00E8ve\u201D [example of place appellation]\n- \u201C1-29-3 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 121, Japan\u201D [example of a postal address]\n- \u201Cthe poop deck of H.M.S Victory\u201D [example of a section definition on a human-made object (E22)]\n- \u201Cthe Venus de Milo\u2019s left buttock\u201D [example of a section definition on a human-made object (E22)]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\nE41(x) \u2283 E90(x)"@en .
"E41"^^ .
"E41 Appellation"@en .
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"E19 Physical Object"@en .
"E19"^^ .
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_:genid1 .
_:genid1 "1"^^ .
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_:genid1 .
_:genid1 .
_:genid2 .
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_:genid2 .
_:genid2 "1"^^ .
_:genid2 .
"Scope note:\nThis class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects.\n\nThe class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy).\n\nIn some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called \u201Cbona fide objects\u201D (Smith & Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), i.e., naturally defined objects.\n\nThe decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be a purely administrative decision or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.\n\n\nExamples: \n- Aphrodite of Milos (E22) (Kousser, 2005)\n- the Cullinan Diamond (Scarratt and Shor, 2006)\n- Apollo 13 at the time of launch (Lovell and Kluger, 1994)\n\n\nIn First Order Logic:\nE19(x) \u2283 E18(x)"@en .
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"Scope note:\nThis class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor.\n\nThe class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of right. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe:\n1. the beginning of ownership\n2. the end of ownership\n3. the transfer of ownership\n4. the acquisition from an unknown source\n5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item\n\nIt may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of \"accession\" differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.\n\n\nExamples:\n- the collection of a hammer-head shark of the genus Sphyrna Rafinesque, 1810 (Carchariniformes) by John Steinbeck and Edward Ricketts at Puerto Escondido in the Gulf of Mexico on March 25th, 1940. (Steinbeck, 2000)\n- the acquisition of El Greco\u2019s painting entitled \u2018The Apostles Peter and Paul\u2019 by the State Hermitage in Saint Petersburg. (https://hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.+Paintings/32730)\n- the loss of my stuffed chaffinch \u2018Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758\u2019 due to insect damage last year (fictitious)\n\n\nIn First Order Logic:\nE8(x) \u2283 E7(x)"@en .
"E8 Acquisition"@en .
"E8"^^ .
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_:genid3 .
_:genid3 "1"^^ .
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_:genid3 .
_:genid3 .
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"Scope note:\nThis class comprises the births of human beings. E67 Birth is a biological event focussing on the context of people coming into life. (E63 Beginning of Existence comprises the coming into life of any living being).\n\nTwins, triplets etc. are typically brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. The introduction of E67 Birth as a documentation element allows the description of a range of family relationships in a simple model. Suitable extensions may describe more details and the complexity of motherhood with the intervention of modern medicine. In this model, the biological father is not seen as a necessary participant in the birth.\n\nExamples:\n- the birth of Alexander the Great (Stoneman, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\nE67(x) \u2283 E63(x)"@en .
"E67 Birth"@en .
"E67"^^ .
_:genid4 .
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_:genid4 .
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_:genid4 .
_:genid4 .
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_:genid5 .
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_:genid5 .
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_:genid5 .
_:genid5 .
_:genid6 .
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_:genid6 .
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_:genid6 .
_:genid6 .
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"E55 Type"@en .
"E55"^^ .
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_:genid7 .
_:genid7 "1"^^ .
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_:genid7 .
_:genid7 .
"Scope note:\nThis class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes.\n\nE55 Type is the CIDOC CRM\u2019s interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): E55Type. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties. \n\nExamples:\n- weight, length, depth [types of E54]\n- portrait, sketch, animation [types of E36]\n- French, English, German [E56]\n- excellent, good, poor [types for instances of E3]\n- Ford Model T, chop stick [types for instances of E22]\n- cave, doline, scratch [types for instances of E26]\n- poem, short story [types for instances of E33]\n- wedding, earthquake, skirmish [types for instances of E5]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\nE55(x) \u2283 E28(x)"@en .
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"E22"^^ .
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"Scope note:\nThis class comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects.\n\nThe class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen.\n\n\nExamples:\n- the Rosetta Stone (E22)\n- LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard [the World\u2019s fastest steam locomotive, preserved at the National Railway Museum of York, UK] (Solomon, 2003)\n- the Portland Vase (Walker, 2004)\n\n\nIn First Order Logic:\nE22(x) \u2283 E19(x)\nE22(x) \u2283 E24(x)"@en .
"E22 Human-Made Object"@en .
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"Scope note:\nThis class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, Human-Made objects, such as a sword, and Human-Made features, such as rock art. For example, a \u201Ccup and ring\u201D carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.\n\nInstances of Human-Made thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even Human-Made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation.\n\nWhereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new Human-Made thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as physical Human-Made things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it Human-Made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of a physical Human-Made thing may continue to be non-Human-Made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop.\n\n\nExamples:\n- the Forth Railway Bridge (Shipway, Bouch, Baker and Fowler, 1990).\n- the Channel Tunnel (E25) (Holliday, Marcou and Vickerman, 1991)\n- the Palace of Knossos (Evans, 1921)\n- the Coliseum in Rome, Italy (Hopkins and Beard, 2011)\n- the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78) (Georgoula, 2005)\n- the Rosetta Stone (E22)\n- my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment (E22) (fictitious)\n- the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM v.3.2 (E22)\n- my empty DVD disk (E22) (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\nE24(x) \u2283 E18(x)\nE24(x) \u2283 E71(x)"@en .
"E24 Physical Human-Made Thing"@en .
"E24"^^ .
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_:genid8 .
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_:genid8 .
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_:genid8 .
_:genid8 .
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_:genid9 .
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_:genid9 .
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